The Bayandurids[1] or the Tur-'Alids[2] ruled over the Aq Qoyunlu confederation, that was founded by Tur Ali bin Pehlwan (1340-1360 C.E.), and was followed by his son Qutlugh bin Tur Ali (1360-1378/79 C.E.) and his grandson Uthman Beg respectively, the founder of Aq Qoyunlu state. The dynasty originated around Diyarbakır and ruled the territory now part of present-day Turkey, Iraq and Iran. Their capital was the city of Tabriz after 1471-1472. They gained international significance under Uzun Hasan who became their greatest leader. He conquered the Qara Qoyunlu and defeated the Timurid Empire, thus adding significant portions of Iran to his kingdom. He eventually lost to the Ottoman Empire, weakening his kingdom. The kingdom was eventually absorbed into Safavid Iran.
| Titular Name | Personal Name | Reign |
|---|---|---|
| Bey | Pehlavan bey Bayandur | ? - 1340 C.E. |
| Bey | Tur Ali Pehlwan | 1340 - 1360 C.E. |
| Bey Fakhr-al-Din | Qutlugh bin Tur Ali | 1360 - 1378/79 C.E. |
| Bey | Ahmed bin Qutlugh Nominally Under Qara Yoluq Osman from 1396 - 1403 C.E. | 1389 - 1403 C.E. |
| Bey Baha-al-Din | Uthman Beg | 1403 - 1435 C.E. |
| Bey Jalal-al-Din | Ali Beg | 1435 - 1438 C.E. |
| Bey Nur-al-Din | Hamza Beg | 1438 - 1444 C.E. |
| Bey Mu'izz-al-Din | Jahangir | 1444 - 1451/52 C.E. |
| Bey | Qilich Arslan bin Ahmed | 1451/52 - 1457 |
| Bey Abul-Nasr | Uzun Hasan | 1457 - 1478 C.E. |
| Bey Abul-Fath | Sultan Khalil | 1478 C.E. |
| Bey Abul-Muzaffar | Yaqub bin Uzun Hasan | 1478 - 1490 C.E. |
| Bey Abul-Fath | Baysunqur | 1490 - 1491 C.E. |
| Bey Abul-Muzaffar | Rustam Beg | 1493 - 1497 C.E. |
| Bey Abul-Nasr | Ahmad Beg | 1497 C.E. |
| Division of Aq Qoyunlu Beylik. |
| Diyarbakır | Azerbaijan | Isfahan, Fars & Kerman | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bey Qasem Beg 1498 - 1499 C.E. | Bey Abul-Muzaffar Alwand bin Yusuf bin Uzun Hasan 1497 - 1502 C.E. | Bey Abul-Mukarram Muhammad bin Yusuf bin Uzun Hasan 1497 - 1500 C.E. | |
| Bey Zayn-al-Aibidin bin Ahmed bin Ughurlu Muhammad 1504 - 1514 C.E. | Shāh Ismāʿil After invading Shirvan and taking Baku, Shah Ismail I besieged the fort at Gulistan when news arrived that Alwand bin Yusuf bin Uzun Hasan had reached Nakhchivan with an army. Ismail broke off the siege and went rapidly to combat the Aq Qoyunlu. He sent his commander Piri Beg who defeated the Aq Qoyunlu commander Amir Uthman at the Battle of Shurur near Nakhchivan thus leaving the Aq Qoyunlu to rapidly collapse as a kingdom. 1502 C.E. | Bey Abul-Muzaffar Sultan Murad bin Yaqub bin Uzun Hasan 1500 - 1514 C.E. | |
| Dissolution of Aq Qoyunlu in 1514. Absorbed into the Safavid Empire of Iran. |
| Aq Qoyunlu |