| Rukainiai | |
| Settlement Type: | Village |
| Pushpin Map: | Lithuania |
| Pushpin Label Position: | left |
| Pushpin Map Caption: | Location of Rukainiai |
| Coordinates: | 54.6139°N 25.5081°W |
| Subdivision Type: | Country |
| Subdivision Name: |  Lithuania |
| Subdivision Type2: | County |
| Subdivision Name2: | Vilnius County |
| Subdivision Type3: | Municipality |
| Subdivision Name3: | Vilnius District Municipality |
| Subdivision Type4: | Eldership |
| Subdivision Name4: | Rukainiai eldership |
| Established Title: | First mentioned |
| Population Total: | 662 |
| Population As Of: | 2021 |
| Timezone: | EET |
| Utc Offset: | +2 |
| Timezone Dst: | EEST |
| Utc Offset Dst: | +3 |
Rukainiai (Lithuanian: Rukainiai; Polish: Rukojnie) is a village in the Vilnius District Municipality, Lithuania, located 12 km east of Vilnius city municipality, the Lithuanian capital, and 16 km from the border with Belarus. According to the 2021 census, Rukainiai had a population of 662, a decrease from 770 in 2011[1] and from 865 in 1989.
Rukainiai is known from 1440 when Grand Duke Sigismund Kęstutaitis donated the village to the Archdiocese of Vilnius. Bishop Paweł Holszański, a member of the Lithuanian princely Olshanski family, sponsored the construction of a wooden church in 1538. In the 18th century, there was a parochial school in Rukainiai. The church was destroyed during the French invasion of Russia in 1812. It was replaced by a Romantic style stone church built in 1823, the Church of St. Michael the Archangel. Paweł Ksawery Brzostowski, famous as the founder of the Republic of Paulava, served as a priest in the newly built church.
For several years there was also a Russian Orthodox Church in the town, the Church of the Protection of the Holy Virgin, which was built in 1868 but destroyed in 1918.[2]
Rukainiai is famous for its Christmas and Užgavėnės traditions.[3]