| Rui Gonçalves da Câmara | |
| Native Name: | Rui da Câmara |
| Native Name Lang: | PT |
| Order: | 1st |
| Office: | Captain-Donatário of São Miguel |
| Term Start: | 10 March 1474 |
| Term End: | 27 November 1497 |
| Constituency: | São Miguel |
| Predecessor: | João Soares de Albergaria |
| Successor: | João Rodrigues da Câmara |
| Birth Date: | 1430 |
| Death Date: | 27 November 1497 |
| Death Place: | Vila Franca do Campo |
| Restingplace: | Church of São Miguel |
| Birthname: | Rui Gonçalves da Câmara |
| Citizenship: | Kingdom of Portugal |
| Nationality: | Portuguese |
| Spouse: | Maria de Bettencourt |
| Children: | João Rodrigues da Câmara |
| Residence: | Vila Franca do Campo |
Rui Gonçalves da Câmara (c. 1430 - 27 November 1497), was the second son of João Gonçalves Zarco, and inherited the title of Donatary-Captain of the island of São Miguel in the Portuguese archipelago of the Azores. Rui Gonçalves da Câmara was made the third person to administer/manage the colonization of the island of São Miguel by regal charter on 10 March 1474 (becoming the first of the family Gonçalves da Câmara to obtain this title). After his 21-year mandate to administer the island of São Miguel, in which he was successful in promoting and establishing settlements throughout the colony, the Vila Franca do Campo received a foral (charter) as town.
Rui Gonçalves da Câmara was the son of João Gonçalves Zarco, one of the men identified in the discovery of the archipelago of Madeira.[1] Rui da Câmara married Maria de Bettencourt.[1]
Rui Gonçalves became a squire in the House of D. Ferdinand, Duke of Viseu, and was favoured and confided by the Prince.[2]
Until 1474, the island of São Miguel was part of a larger fiefdom bequeathed to João Soares de Albergaria, the Captaincy of Santa Maria and São Miguel.[3] At that time, the island was a large, underpopulated and, therefore, unproductive possession of the Donatário Diogo, Duke of Viseu, nephew of King Edward: the Duke approved its transfer to Rui da Câmara, as his Captain on the island of São Miguel, during a period when João Soares de Albergaria was more preoccupied with the health of his wife, and looked to the sale as a way of improving his finances.[1] Albergaria had decided to sell his concession while staying with their family on Madeira.[1]
With broad physique and great intelligence, he occupied most of his administration with the establishment and settlement of his Capitania.[1] Rui da Câmara was an imposing figure on his horse, wearing fur bonnet and large overcoat; he was unafraid to visit his fiefdom along without scribes, servants or soldiers.[1] Apart from his small workforce that tended to his possessions, Rui da Câmara offered lands to settlers who were obligated to transform the uncultivated lands within a five-year contract.[1] Those were unable to fulfill the contract would forfeit their lands to another, who were under the same obligations.[1] It was through these conditions that the island was rapidly populated.[1]