| Ruhr | |
| Mouth Location: | Rhine |
| Mouth Coordinates: | 51.4508°N 6.7228°W |
| Subdivision Type1: | Country |
| Subdivision Name1: | Germany |
| Subdivision Type2: | State |
| Subdivision Name2: | North Rhine-Westphalia |
| Length: | 219.2km (136.2miles) |
| Source1 Elevation: | 870m (2,850feet) |
| Discharge1 Avg: | 79m3/s |
| Basin Size: | 4485km2 |
| Tributaries Left: | Lenne, Volme |
| Tributaries Right: | Möhne |
The Ruhr is a river in western Germany (North Rhine-Westphalia), a right tributary (east-side) of the Rhine.
The source of the Ruhr is near the town of Winterberg in the mountainous Sauerland region, at an elevation of approximately 670m (2,200feet). It flows into the lower Rhine at an elevation of only 17m (56feet) in the municipal area of Duisburg. Its total length is 219km (136miles), its average discharge is at Mülheim near its mouth. Thus, its discharge is, for example, comparable to that of the river Ems in Northern Germany or the River Thames in the United Kingdom.
The Ruhr first passes the towns of Meschede, Arnsberg, Wickede, Fröndenberg, Holzwickede, Iserlohn, and Schwerte. Then the river marks the southern limit of the Ruhr area, passing Hagen, Dortmund, Herdecke, Wetter, Witten, Bochum, Hattingen, Essen, Mülheim, and Duisburg.
The Ruhr area was Germany's primary industrial area during the early- to mid-20th century. Most factories were located there. The occupation of the Ruhr from 1923 to 1924 by French forces, due to the Weimar Republic's failure to continue paying reparations from World War I, provoked passive resistance, which saw production in the factories grind to a halt. As a result, the German hyperinflation crisis grew even worse.
During World War II, two of the dams on the Ruhr, the Möhne Dam and the Sorpe Dam were targets for Operation Chastise, in which special "bouncing bombs" were developed to take out the dams and flood the valley, with the hope of seriously affecting the German industries there. The story was told in a 1951 book and the popular 1955 film made from it, The Dam Busters.
There are five Ruhr reservoirs on the river, often used for leisure activities.
The main tributaries of the Ruhr are (from source to mouth):
the Poles of the Ruhr