| Rudolf Leuckart | |
| Birth Date: | 7 October 1822 |
| Birth Place: | Helmstedt |
| Death Place: | Leipzig |
| Citizenship: | Germany |
| Field: | zoology parasitology |
| Work Institutions: | University of Giessen University of Leipzig |
| Alma Mater: | University of Göttingen |
| Doctoral Advisor: | Rudolf Wagner |
| Notable Students: | Otto Bütschli Hugo Münsterberg Edward Laurens Mark William Patten |
| Known For: | Taenia saginata Taenia solium |
Karl Georg Friedrich Rudolf Leuckart (7 October 1822 – 22 February 1898) was a German zoologist born in Helmstedt. He was a nephew to naturalist Friedrich Sigismund Leuckart (1794–1843).
He earned his degree from the University of Göttingen, where he was a student of Rudolf Wagner (1805–1864). Afterwards he participated on a scientific expedition to the North Sea for the study marine invertebrates. Later he became a professor of zoology at the University of Giessen (1850) and the University of Leipzig (1869).[1]
In 1877 he became honorary foreign member of the Linnean Society of London. [2]
Leuckart is remembered for his work in parasitology, particularly research regarding tapeworm and trichinosis. He was the first to prove that Taenia saginata occurs only in cattle (and humans), and Taenia solium occurs only in swine (and humans). His study of Trichina helped support Rudolf Virchow's campaign to create meat inspection laws in Germany.[3] With Virchow and Friedrich Albert von Zenker (1825–1898), he was the first to document the life cycle of the parasite Trichinella spiralis in swine and humans.
He, and independently Algernon Thomas, experimentally discovered the life-cycle of the sheep liver fluke in 1881–1883.[4]
Today the "Rudolf-Leuckart-Medaille" is an annual award given for research in parasitology by the Deutschen Gesellschaft für Parasitologie (German Society of Parasitology).
Leuckart is credited with splitting George Cuvier's Radiata into two phyla: Coelenterata and Echinodermata.[1] As a scientist, his provided excellent descriptions of morphologic details giving credence to the idea that zoological evolution can be learned through its anatomical changes. Between 1877 and 1892, he developed a series of zoological wall charts that have been used worldwide as teaching aids.
In the field of entomology, he conducted investigations into the micropyle and fertilization of insect eggs, the reproduction and development involving members of Pupipara, parthenogenesis among insects, and studies on the anatomy and life history of the honeybee.[5]
A quote attributed to Rudolf Leuckart:
A species of Australian lizard, Anomalopus leuckarti, is named in his honor.[6]
Leuckart's son, Carl Louis Rudolf Leuckart (1854–1889), was a chemist and professor.