| Rudolf Ross | |
| Office3: | First Mayor of Hamburg and President of the Hamburg Senate |
| Term Start3: | 1 January 1930 |
| Term End3: | 31 December 1931 |
| Predecessor3: | Carl Wilhelm Petersen |
| Successor3: | Carl Wilhelm Petersen |
| Office: | Second Mayor of Hamburg |
| Term Start: | 5 April 1928 |
| Term End: | 31 December 1929 |
| Term Start2: | 1 January 1932 |
| Term End2: | 3 March 1933 |
| Predecessor2: | Carl Wilhelm Petersen |
| Successor: | Carl Wilhelm Petersen |
| Successor2: | Wilhelm Amsinck Burchard-Motz |
| Birth Date: | 22 March 1872 |
| Birth Place: | Hamburg, Germany |
| Death Place: | Hamburg, Germany |
| Nationality: | German |
| Party: | Social Democratic Party (SPD) |
Rudolf Adolf Wilhelm Ross (Also styled Roß, 22 March 1872 - 16 February 1951) was a German teacher, politician of the Social Democratic Party (SPD), member of the Hamburg Parliament and first Mayor of Hamburg.
Ross was born on 22 March 1872 in Hamburg and became a teacher in 1892. He served in the First World War from 1914 until 1918. In 1923 he married his wife Frieda, née Hinsch (1899 - 1975).
In 1919, Ross was elected as a member of the Hamburg Parliament and served until 1933. He was President of the diet from 1920 until 1928. In 1928 the parliament elected Ross to the Senate of Hamburg and became Second Mayor, 1930 - 1931 he was First Mayor of Hamburg. On 3 March 1933 he resigned from the Hamburg Parliament under protest to the Machtergreifung - the Nazi takeover of power in Weimar Germany on 30 January 1933.
On 16 February 1951, Ross died after a long and severe illness in Hamburg.