Rudolf Jaenisch Explained

Rudolf Jaenisch
Birth Date:22 April 1942
Birth Place:Wölfelsgrund, Germany (now Międzygórze, Poland)
Citizenship:German
Fields:Biochemistry
Genetics
Medicine
Alma Mater:University of Munich (M.D., 1967)
Academic Advisors:Arnold Levine

Rudolf Jaenisch (born on April 22, 1942) is a Professor of Biology at MIT and a founding member of the Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research.[1] He is a pioneer of transgenic science, in which an animal’s genetic makeup is altered. Jaenisch has focused on creating genetically modified mice to study cancer, epigenetic reprogramming and neurological diseases.[2] [3]

Research

Jaenisch’s first breakthrough occurred in 1974, when he and Beatrice Mintz showed that foreign DNA could be integrated into the DNA of early mouse embryos[4] They injected retrovirus DNA into early mouse embryos and showed that leukemia DNA sequences had integrated into the mouse genome and also into that of its offspring. These mice were the first transgenic mammals in history.[5]

His current research focuses on the epigenetic regulation of gene expression,[6] which has led to major advances in creating embryonic stem cells and “induced pluripotent stem" (IPS) cells, as well as their therapeutic applications. In 2007, Jaenisch’s laboratory was one of the first three laboratories worldwide to report reprogramming cells taken from a mouse's tail into IPS cells. Jaenisch has since shown therapeutic benefits of IPS cell-based treatment for sickle-cell anemia and Parkinson's disease in mice. Additional research focuses on the epigenetic mechanisms involved in cancer and brain development.

Jaenisch’s therapeutic cloning research deals exclusively with mice, but he is an advocate for using the same techniques with human cells in order to advance embryonic stem cell research.[7] However, in 2001, Jaenisch made a public case against human reproductive cloning, testifying before a U.S. House of Representatives subcommittee[8] and writing an editorial in Science magazine.[9]

Career

Jaenisch received his doctorate in medicine from the University of Munich in 1967, preferring the laboratory to the clinic. He became a postdoc at the Max Planck Institute in Munich, studying bacteriophages.[10] He left Germany in 1970 for research positions at Princeton University, Fox Chase Institute for Cancer Research and the Salk Institute. He returned to Germany in 1977 to become the head of the Department of Tumor Virology at the Heinrich Pette Institute at the University of Hamburg. He arrived at MIT in 1984.[11] He participated in the 2005 science conference on human cloning at the United Nations and serves on the science advisory boards of the Genetics Policy Institute[12] and Stemgent.[13] He also served on the Life Sciences jury for the Infosys Prize in 2010.

Awards and honors

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Founders . January 24, 2020 . October 25, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201025085413/http://wi.mit.edu/about/history/founders . dead .
  2. 10.1016/0092-8674(92)90611-F. Targeted mutation of the DNA methyltransferase gene results in embryonic lethality. Cell. 69. 6. 915–926. 1992. Li . E. . Bestor . T. H. . Jaenisch . R. . 1606615. 19879601.
  3. Web site: Rudolf Jaenisch . September 17, 2014 . Whitehead Institute. https://books.google.com/books?id=kHgeAQAAIAAJ&q=%22Jaenisch,+rudolf%22+1942
  4. Jaenisch R, Mintz B . Simian virus 50 DNA sequences in DNA of healthy adult mice derived from preimplantation blastocysts injected with viral DNA . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 71 . 4 . 1250–1254 . 1974 . 4364530 . 10.1073/pnas.71.4.1250 . 388203. 1974PNAS...71.1250J . free .
  5. Brownlee . C.. Inaugural Article: Biography of Rudolf Jaenisch. 10.1073/pnas.0406416101. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 101. 39. 13982–13984. 2004. 15383657. 521108. 2004PNAS..10113982B. free.
  6. 10.1038/ng1089. 12610534. 2003. Jaenisch . R. . Rudolf Jaenisch. Bird . A.. Adrian Bird. Epigenetic regulation of gene expression: how the genome integrates intrinsic and environmental signals. 33 Suppl. 3s. 245–254. Nature Genetics. 17270515.
  7. Book: Levine. Aaron. Cloning : a beginner's guide. 2007. Oneworld. Oxford. 9781851685226. 110–111, 162. August 4, 2015.
  8. News: Jaenisch makes public case against human cloning. Kumar. Seema. April 4, 2001. MIT News Office. September 17, 2014.
  9. 10.1126/science.1060463 . 11286275 . DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY: Don't Clone Humans! . Science . 291 . 5513 . 2552 . 2001 . Jaenisch . R. . Wilmut . I . 83375514 . free .
  10. Rudolf Jaenisch Featured Science Watch Newsletter Interview. ScienceWatch. 2009. March. August 4, 2015.
  11. News: Whitehead member, biology professor Rudolf Jaenisch wins National Medal of Science. Fearer. Matt. September 27, 2011. MIT News Office. September 17, 2014.
  12. Web site: Advisory Board. September 14, 2014. Genetics Policy Institute.
  13. Web site: Rudolf Jaenisch, M.D.. September 14, 2014. Stemgent.
  14. Web site: 2001 Gruber Genetics Prize Press Release Rudolf Jaenisch, Gene Transfer Pioneer, Receives First-Ever International Genetics Prize. August 4, 2015. Gruber Foundation. 2001.
  15. Web site: NAS Membership Directory . U.S. National Academy of Sciences . .
  16. News: Bachtler. Barbara. Professor Rudolf Jaenisch Receives Max Delbrück Medal. August 4, 2015. MDC News. December 1, 2006.
  17. Web site: The Vilcek Foundation -. www.vilcek.org. November 11, 2015.
  18. Web site: Ernst Schering Prize. Ernst Schering Foundation. August 4, 2015.
  19. Web site: The President's National Medal of Science. September 17, 2014. National Science Foundation.
  20. Web site: Rudolf Jaenisch Winner of Wolf Prize in Medicine - 2011. September 17, 2014. Wolf Foundation.
  21. Web site: ISSCR Award for Innovation. 2022-01-19. www.isscr.org.
  22. 2013 Benjamin Franklin Medal in Life Science presented to Rudolf Jaenisch. Journal of the Franklin Institute. 2587–2590. 7. 352. 2015. 10.1016/j.jfranklin.2015.03.004. Ferrone. Frank A..
  23. Web site: Otto-Warburg-Medal. GBM. January 12, 2014. November 4, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20161104134840/http://otto-warburg-medaille.org/index.php/previous-award-winners.html. dead.
  24. Web site: Whitehead's Rudolf Jaenisch honored with March of Dimes Prize. Whitehead Institute. July 4, 2017. April 27, 2015.
  25. Web site: Chawla. Dalmeet Singh. October 17, 2017. Who's the most influential biomedical scientist? Computer program guided by artificial intelligence says it knows. September 22, 2020. Science AAAS. en.

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