Ruaotuwhenua Explained

Ruaotuwhenua
Other Name:	Rua ō Te Whenua
Elevation M:	440
Location:	North Island, New Zealand
Range:	Waitākere Ranges
Coordinates:	-36.9243°N 174.5528°W
Age:	Miocene

Ruaotuwhenua is a hill in the Waitākere Ranges of the Auckland Region of New Zealand's North Island. At, it is one of the tallest of the Waitākere Ranges, and the tallest of the eastern ranges adjacent to Auckland. The peak is the location of an air traffic radome, and a radio mast is located further down the slope of the hill in Waiatarua.

Geology

Ruaotuwhenua, along with the Scenic Drive ridge, are the remnants of one of the eastern sides of the Waitākere Volcano, a Miocene era volcanic crater complex which was uplifted from the seafloor between 3 and 5 million years ago.^{[1] [2]}

Geography

The hill is a 440m (1,440feet) peak in the eastern Waitākere Ranges.^[3] It is located near the settlement of Waiatarua, and is accessible by Scenic Drive. The northern side of the hill is the source for Stoney Creek, a tributary of the Opanuku Stream,^[4] while the south-eastern side is a source for the Mander Creek, a tributary of the Nihotupu Stream which flows into the Upper Nihotupu Reservoir and Big Muddy Creek.^{[5] [6]}

History

Ruaotuwhenua is within the traditional rohe of the Te Kawerau ā Maki iwi, and holds significant cultural and spiritual significance.^[7] "Rua ō Te Whenua" literally means "the rumble of the earth", and is likely a reference to the roaring sound of the surf which travels along the Nihotupu Valley.^[8]

The hill is linked to the Te Kawerau ā Maki traditional story of Panuku and Parekura.^[7] The story involves Nihotupu, a tūrehu (supernatural being) who lived in a cave at Ruaotuwhenua, who kidnapped Panuku's wife Parekura. Panuku travelled to Nihotupu's cave home to rescue his wife.^[8] Many of the place names in the eastern Waitākere Ranges area reference this traditional legend.^{[7] [8]}

The hill was regarded as the highest point of the Waitākere Ranges until the early 1940s, when city waterworks engineer AD Mead located and measured the height of Te Toiokawharu.^{[9] [10]}

In the late 1960s, a radome and VHF transmission station was constructed on the hill, providing radio monitoring for Auckland Airport.^{[11] [12]}

Notes and References

1. Book: Hayward . Bruce . Bruce Hayward . Land, Sea and Sky . 10, 13–14 . Macdonald . Finlay . Finlay Macdonald (editor) . Kerr . Ruth . West: The History of Waitakere . Random House . 2009 . 9781869790080.
2. 10.1080/03036758.1977.10427155. 7. 2. 123–141. Hayward. B. W. . Bruce W. Hayward. Miocene volcanic centres of the Waitakere Ranges, North Auckland, New Zealand. Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand. 1977.
3. Web site: Ruaotuwhenua . New Zealand Gazetteer . Land Information New Zealand. 22 June 2022.
4. Web site: Stoney Creek . New Zealand Gazetteer . Land Information New Zealand. 22 June 2022.
5. Web site: Mander Creek . New Zealand Gazetteer . Land Information New Zealand. 22 June 2022.
6. Web site: Nihotupu Stream . New Zealand Gazetteer . Land Information New Zealand. 22 June 2022.
7. Web site: 12 December 2013 . Deed of Settlement Schedule: Documents . . The Trustees of Te Kawerau Iwi Settlement Trust . . 26 April 2022.
8. Book: Diamond . John T. . J. T. Diamond . Hayward . Bruce W. . Bruce Hayward . The Māori history and legends of the Waitākere Ranges . The Lodestar Press . 1979 . 9781877431210 . 34, 46.
9. News: Highest Point in the Ranges . . 6 . LXXII . 183 . Papers Past . 5 August 1941 . 22 June 2022.
10. News: Highest Point . . 8 . 78 . 24035 . Papers Past . 5 August 1941 . 22 June 2022.
11. The design and construction of Auckland international airport. 24. 5. 147–155. Wright. P.. Rutherfurd. W. . New Zealand Engineering. 1969.
12. News: Ask Phoebe: Radar dome on the hill keeps pilots and controllers talking . Phoebe . Falconer . . 9 November 2010 . 22 June 2022.