RprA RNA explained

RprA RNA
Symbol:	RprA
Rfam:	RF00034
Rna Type:	Gene sRNA
Tax Domain:	Bacteria

The RprA RNA gene encodes a 106 nucleotide regulatory non-coding RNA. Translational regulation of the stationary phase sigma factor RpoS is mediated by the formation of a double-stranded RNA stem-loop structure in the upstream region of the rpoS messenger RNA, occluding the translation initiation site.^{[1] [2]}

Clones carrying rprA (RpoS regulator RNA A) increased the translation of RpoS. As with DsrA, RprA is predicted to form three stem-loops. Thus, at least two small RNAs, DsrA and RprA, participate in the positive regulation of RpoS translation. RprA also appears to bind to the RpoS leader.^[3] RprA is non-essential.^[4] Wasserman et al. demonstrated that this RNA is bound by the Hfq protein.^[5] Binding to Hfq alters the conformation of RprA.^[6] In the presence of Hfq the stability of RprA is influenced by the osmolarity of the cell, this is dependent on the endoribonuclease RNase E.^[7]

It has been shown the RprA regulates the protein coding genes, called csgD, this protein encodes a stationary phase-induced biofilm regulator and ydaM, which encodes a diguanylate cyclase involved in activating csgD transcription. These two target genes are repressed by RprA which results in regulation of biofilm formation.^[8]

External links

• • RprA entry in ncRNA database

Notes and References

1. 10.1021/bi800479p . Updegrove T, Wilf N, Sun X, Wartell RM . Effect of Hfq on RprA-rpoS mRNA pairing: Hfq-RNA binding and the influence of the 5′ rpoS mRNA leader region. . Biochemistry . 47 . 43 . 11184–11195 . 2008 . 18826256.
2. 10.1128/JB.00206-06 . Jones AM, Goodwill A, Elliott T . Limited Role for the DsrA and RprA Regulatory RNAs in rpoS Regulation in Salmonella enterica . J Bacteriol . 188 . 14 . 5077–5088 . 2006 . 16816180 . 1539969.
3. Majdalani . N . Hernandez D . Gottesman S . 2002 . Regulation and mode of action of the second small RNA activator of RpoS translation, RprA . Mol Microbiol . 46 . 813–826 . 12410838 . 10.1046/j.1365-2958.2002.03203.x . 3. free .
4. Majdalani . N . Chen S . Murrow J . St John K . Gottesman S . 2001 . Regulation of RpoS by a novel small RNA: the characterization of RprA . Mol Microbiol . 39 . 1382–1394 . 11251852 . 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2001.02329.x . 5. 90988055 . free .
5. Wassarman KM, Repoila F, Rosenow C, Storz G, Gottesman S . Identification of novel small RNAs using comparative genomics and microarrays . Genes Dev. . 15 . 13 . 1637–1651 . 2001 . 11445539 . 10.1101/gad.901001 . 312727 .
6. Henderson CA, Vincent HA, Casamento A, Stone CM, Phillips JO, Cary PD, Sobott F, Gowers DM, Taylor JE, Callaghan AJ . Hfq binding changes the structure of Escherichia coli small noncoding RNAs OxyS and RprA, which are involved in the riboregulation of rpoS.. RNA. August 2013. 19. 8. 1089–1104. 23804244. 10.1261/rna.034595.112 . 3708529.
7. Madhugiri R, Basineni SR, Klug G . Turn-over of the small non-coding RNA RprA in E. coli is influenced by osmolarity . Mol Genet Genomics . 284. 4. 307–318. 2010 . 20717695 . 10.1007/s00438-010-0568-x. 23732166 .
8. Mika F, Busse S, Possling A, Berkholz J, Tschowri N, Sommerfeldt N, Pruteanu M, Hengge R . Targeting of csgD by the small regulatory RNA RprA links stationary phase, biofilm formation and cell envelope stress in Escherichia coli. . Mol Microbiol . 84. 1. 51–65. 2012 . 22356413 . 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2012.08002.x. 3465796.