Royal Commission on Hand-Loom Weavers explained

The Royal Commission on Hand-Loom Weavers was an enquiry in the United Kingdom into unemployment and poverty in the textile industry. It was set up in 1837, and issued a number of reports, to 1841.

Background

The number of handloom weavers in the United Kingdom was estimated at 400,000, and the economic consequences of industrial textile production bore heavily on them.[1] Weaving on handlooms had experienced a boom in the decade 1795 to 1805.[2] The fact-finding of the assistant commissioners in 1837–8 occurred against a background of widespread unrest.[3]

The poor condition of handloom weavers was notorious in the 1830s, and was rapidly deteriorating. A parliamentary select committee produced reports on petitions from the weavers in 1834 and 1835.[4] [5] It was chaired by Sir John Maxwell, 7th Baronet, who with John Fielden called witnesses sympathetic to the weavers. Fielden via Maxwell introduced a minimum wage bill in parliament in 1835. The opposition of laisser faire members meant it had no chance; but Fielden continued to advocate action. The Royal Commission was agreed in 1837. By 1840 the number of weavers had dropped by 100,000. They had also, in numbers, become Chartists of the "physical force" tendency.[6]

The Commission

The Royal Commission was chaired by Nassau William Senior.[7] With him on the control board were William Edward Hickson,[8] J. Leslie, and Samuel Jones Loyd.[9] [10]

Assistant commissioners

Regional reports were produced in five parts, in 1839 and 1840. There were nine assistant commissioners, assigned particular areas.[11]

NameAreaComments
Alfred Austin[12] South-west of England[13] [14] Austin was an assistant poor law commissioner.[15]
West Riding of YorkshireChapman commented that the weavers were generally temperate, against a common view of the time on the working class and drink.[16] He found that young male weavers had financial incentives to marry soon after their apprenticeship was finished.[17] He reported that the weavers were nearly unanimous in opposing the Corn Laws.[18] Overall, however, his views, which Thompson calls "arid", were that legislation could do little, and weavers should be encouraged to leave the trade.
Dr. J. D. HardingEast coast of Scotland[19]
Solomon KeyserWest Riding, Macclesfield, Germany
William Augustus Miles[20] West of England and Wales[21] Miles was an assistant poor law commissioner.
James Mitchell[22] East of England
Richard Michaux MuggeridgeLancashire, Westmorland, Cumberland, and part of the West Riding of Yorkshire;
and a further report on Ireland		Muggeridge and his appointment were attacked by Richard Oastler.[23]
Cæsar George Otway (son of Cæsar Otway)[24] IrelandOtway blamed workers' combinations for driving away investment in the trade.[25] He also reported on the recent establishment of cotton mills.[26]
South of Scotland

Investigative reports

Joseph Fletcher, who was secretary,[27] reported on the Midlands.[28] There were initially five assistant commissioners; five more positions were granted, but only four were taken up. The remaining funds were used to send Fletcher to the Midlands, and two of the assistant commissioners to the continent.[10]

Symons reported in Part I in 1839; the other Parts appeared in 1840. Part II involved Mitchell, Austin and Keyser; Part III Chapman, Otway, and Muggeridge on Irish linen;[29] Part V Miles, Muggeridge and Symons.[30] Hickson made a separate report in 1840; in it he advocated abolition of the Corn Laws, and a system of national education.[4] [8] [31]

Final report

The final report of the commission was dated 19 February 1841.[10] Senior included in it extracts from an unpublished study he had made ten years earlier, after Lord Melbourne had invited him to report on trade combinations and strikes.[32]

Notes and References

  1. Book: Peter Spiller. The Chapman Legal Family. 13 June 2013. 1992. Victoria University Press. 978-0-86473-227-9. 25.
  2. [:s:The Chartist Movement/Chapter 2]
  3. Book: Alfred Plummer. Richard E. Early. the blanket makers 1669-1969. 13 June 2013. Taylor & Francis. 72. GGKEY:2RG3N46QTRB.
  4. Book: David Winstanley. A Schoolmaster's Notebook: Being an Account of a Nineteenth-century Experiment in Social Welfare. 13 June 2013. 1 January 1957. Manchester University Press. 7 note 8. GGKEY:E7W3DCTKJ1F.
  5. Book: John Burnett. Idle Hands: The Experience of Unemployment, 1790-1990. 13 June 2013. 7 February 2002. Taylor & Francis. 978-0-203-16196-8. 63.
  6. Book: Edward Palmer Thompson. Edward Palmer Thompson. The Making of the English Working Class. 13 June 2013. 1963. IICA. 300–2. GGKEY:W8XC2FBP0LR.
  7. Book: Christopher Hamlin. Public Health and Social Justice in the Age of Chadwick: Britain, 1800-1854. 13 June 2013. 13 February 1998. Cambridge University Press. 978-0-521-58363-3. 105.
  8. 13220. Hickson, William Edward. Richard. Aldrich.
  9. Book: The Westminster Review. 13 June 2013. 1841. Baldwin, Cradock, and Joy. 50 note.
  10. Web site: List of commissions and officials: 1830-1839 (nos. 12-28) . J. M. Collinge . Institute of Historical Research . 1984 . Office-Holders in Modern Britain: Volume 9: Officials of Royal Commissions of Inquiry 1815-1870 . 13 June 2013.
  11. 26897. Symons, Jelinger Cookson. John. Shepherd.
  12. Book: Karen Sayer. Country Cottages: A Cultural History. 13 June 2013. 2000. Manchester University Press. 978-0-7190-4752-7. 52.
  13. Book: Charles F. Sabel. Jonathan Zeitlin. World of Possibilities: Flexibility and Mass Production in Western Industrialization. 13 June 2013. 2002. Cambridge University Press. 978-0-521-89443-2. 147.
  14. Book: THE SESSIONAL PAPERS OF THE HOUSE OF LORDS, IN THE SESSION 1840, (3 & 4 VICTORIAE) ARRANGED IN VOLUMES VOL. XXXVIL.. 13 June 2013. 1840. 207.
  15. Book: Jeremy Burchardt. The Allotment Movement in England: 1793 - 1873. 13 June 2013. 2002. Boydell & Brewer. 978-0-86193-256-6. 56–.
  16. Book: J F C Harrison. Learning and Living 1790-1960: A Study in the History of the English Adult Education Movement. 13 June 2013. 15 April 2013. Routledge. 978-1-135-03122-0. 17.
  17. Book: G. Talbot Griffith. Population Problems of the Age of Malthus. 13 June 2013. 9 December 2010. Cambridge University Press. 978-0-521-17863-1. 119.
  18. Book: Paul A. Pickering. Alex Tyrell. The People's Bread: A History of the Anti-Corn Law League. 13 June 2013. 13 September 2000. Continuum International Publishing Group. 978-0-7185-0218-8. 149.
  19. http://gdl.cdlr.strath.ac.uk/haynin/haynin1011.htm http://gdl.cdlr.strath.ac.uk, Scotland in the nineteenth century 10. Labour Section 10.11: Weavers.
  20. http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/miles-william-augustus-2452 Australian Dictionary of Biography, Miles, William Augustus (1798–1851).
  21. Hand-loom weavers. Reports from Assistant Hand-Loom Weavers' Commissioners. Part V. Report by W. A. Miles, Esq. on the west of England and Wales. Report by R. M. Muggeridge, Esq. on the counties of Lancaster, Westmorland, Cumberland, and part of the West Riding of Yorkshire. Note to the report of J. C. Symons, Esq., on the south of Scotland
  22. 18839. Mitchell, James. Peter. Osborne.
  23. Book: Richard Oastler. Fleet Papers. 13 June 2013. 1841. 307.
  24. Book: Notes and Queries. 22 July 2013. 1863. Oxford University Press. 401.
  25. Book: Robert Montgomery Martin. Robert Montgomery Martin. Ireland Before and After the Union with Great Britain. 13 June 2013. 1848. Nichols and Son. 75.
  26. Book: The Parliamentary Gazetteer of Ireland: Adapted to the New Poor-law, Franchise, Municipal and Ecclesiastical Arrangements, and Compiled with a Special Reference to the Lines of Railroad and Canal Communication, as Existing in 1814-45. 13 June 2013. 1846. A. Fullarton and Company. lxxxv.
  27. Fletcher, Joseph (1813-1852). 19.
  28. Hand-loom weavers. Reports from Assistant Hand-Loom Weavers' Commissioners. Part IV. Report by Joseph Fletcher, Esq., secretary to the Commission, on the midland districts of England
  29. Book: Great Britain. Parliament. House of Lords. Sessional Papers Printed by Order of the House of Lords, Or Presented by Royal Command, in the Session 1840, (30 & 40 Victoriæ,) Arranged in Volumes: Tables and indexes. 13 June 2013. 1840. 4.
  30. Book: W. A. Miles. R. M. Muggeridge. J. C. Symons. Reports from Assistant Hand-loom Weavers' Commissioners. 13 June 2013. 1840.
  31. Book: Geoffrey Timmins. The Last Shift: The Decline of Handloom Weaving in Nineteenth-Century Lancashire. 13 June 2013. 1993. Manchester University Press. 978-0-7190-3725-2. 190–1.
  32. 25090. Senior, Nassau William. Phyllis. Deane.

This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Royal Commission on Hand-Loom Weavers".

Except where otherwise indicated, Everything.Explained.Today is © Copyright 2009-2024, A B Cryer, All Rights Reserved. Cookie policy.