The Rowing Competition at the 1991 Mediterranean Games was held in Athens, Greece, marking a return of the sport to the Mediterranean Games program after a 12-year absence.
| Single sculls | |||
| Double sculls | Melquiades Verduras José Antonio Rodríguez | Rossano Galtarossa Giovanni Calabrese | |
| Quadruple sculls | Gianluca Farina Massimo Paradiso Alessandro Corona Filippo Soffici | Fabrice LeClerc Jean-Jacques Martigne Samuel Barathay Olivier Pons | Bruno López Antonio Marin Melquiades Verduras José Antonio Rodríguez |
| Coxless pairs | Andrea Gavazi Franco Zucchi | Moschos Kontizas Dimitrios Drouzas | |
| Coxed pairs | Carmine Abbagnale Giuseppe Abbagnale Giuseppe Di Capua | José Ignacio Bugarín Ibon Urbieta Gabriel Marco | Spyridon Gatos Angelos Amanatidis Lambrinos Rizos |
| Coxless fours | Ciro Liguori Riccardo Moretti Roberto Blanda Antonio Maurogiovanni | Fernando Climent Juan Aguirre José María de Marco Fernando Molina | Daniel Fauché Philippe Lot Bruno Dumay Laurent Lacasa |