| State: | NJ |
| Type: | NJTP |
| Map Custom: | yes |
| Map Notes: | New Jersey Turnpike and spurs (in green) |
| Map Alt: | Map of New Jersey with a long red line running from the southwest corner of the state to the northeast corner of the state signifying the mainline, three short red lines signifying the spur routes |
| Length Mi: | 117.20 |
| Length Ref: | [1] |
| Length Notes: | (Mainline) |
| Established: | 1951 |
| History: | Completed 1952 |
| Allocation: |
|
| Restrictions: | Commercial vehicles must use outer roadways between exits 6 and 14-14C |
| Direction A: | South |
| Direction B: | North |
| Terminus A: | in Pennsville |
| Junction: |
|
| Terminus B: | in Ridgefield Park |
| Counties: | Salem, Gloucester, Camden, Burlington, Mercer, Middlesex, Union, Essex, Hudson, Bergen |
| Previous Type: | I |
| Previous Route: | 695 |
| Browse Route: | Route 700 |
| Next Type: | I |
| Next Route: | 895 |
The New Jersey Turnpike (NJTP) is a system of controlled-access highways in the U.S. state of New Jersey. The turnpike is maintained by the New Jersey Turnpike Authority.[5] The 117.2miles mainline's southern terminus is at the Delaware Memorial Bridge on I-295 in Pennsville. Its northern terminus is at an interchange with I-80 and US 46 in Ridgefield Park. Construction of the mainline, from concept to completion, took a total of 22 months between 1950 and 1951. It was opened to traffic on November 5, 1951, between its southern terminus and exit 10.[6]
The turnpike is a major thoroughfare providing access to various localities in New Jersey, and the toll road provides a direct bypass southeast of Philadelphia for long-distance travelers between New York City and Washington, D.C. According to the International Bridge, Tunnel and Turnpike Association, the turnpike is the nation's sixth-busiest toll road, and one of the most heavily traveled highways in the nation.[7]
The northern part of the mainline turnpike, along with the entirety of its extensions and spurs, is a part of the Interstate Highway System designated as I-95 between exit 6 in Mansfield Township, and its northern end near New York City. South of exit 6, it has the unsigned Route 700 designation. There are three extensions and two spurs, including the Newark Bay Extension at exit 14, which carries I-78; the Pennsylvania Turnpike Extension, officially known as the Pearl Harbor Memorial Turnpike Extension, at exit 6, which carries I-95 off the mainline turnpike; the Eastern Spur and the Western Spur, which split traffic between Newark and Ridgefield; and the I-95 Extension, which continues the mainline to the George Washington Bridge in Fort Lee. All segments (excluding the I-95 Extension) are toll roads.
The route is divided into four roadways between exit 6 and exit 14. The inner lanes are generally restricted to cars, while the outer lanes are open to cars, trucks, and buses. The turnpike has 12adj=midNaNadj=mid lanes, 10adj=midNaNadj=mid shoulders, and 13 of the highway's service areas are named after notable New Jersey residents. The Interstate Highway System took some of its design guidelines from those of the turnpike.[8] The turnpike has been referenced many times in music, film, and television.
The mainline of the New Jersey Turnpike splits from I-295 in Pennsville Township and runs along a north-northeast route to I-80 and US 46 in Ridgefield Park, where it continues north as I-95. It is designated Route 700, an unsigned route, from exit 1 (Delaware Memorial Bridge) to exit 6, and as I-95 from exit 6 (Mansfield Township) to exit 18 (Secaucus–Carlstadt). The number of lanes ranges from four lanes south of exit 4 (Mount Laurel), six lanes between exit 4 and exit 6 (Mansfield Township), 12 lanes between exit 6 and exit 11 (Woodbridge Township), and 14 lanes between exit 11 and exit 14 (Newark). The default speed limit is 65mph between the southern terminus and milepost 97, and 55mph from there to the northern terminus. The Newark Bay Extension carries a 50mph limit. The turnpike has variable speed limit signs allowing for the limit to be lowered temporarily during unusual road conditions.
Before the advent of the Interstate Highway System, the entire Turnpike was designated by the New Jersey Department of Transportation (NJDOT) as Route 700. The Pearl Harbor Memorial Turnpike Extension was Route 700P, and the Newark Bay Extension was Route 700N. None of these state highway designations have been signed. The entire length of the New Jersey Turnpike is part of the National Highway System,[9] a network of roads important to the country's economy, defense, and mobility.[10]
The turnpike's southern terminus lies at the Delaware Memorial Bridge in Pennsville Township, running concurrently with I-295 and US 40. Immediately after an interchange that that provides access to Route 49 and US 130, US 40 and the turnpike split from I-295. A short distance later, in Carneys Point Township, the turnpike enters an interchange with Route 140 and County Route 540 (CR 540). Through this section, the turnpike has three northbound lanes and two southbound lanes. The turnpike loses its third northbound lane, and continues on with two lanes in each direction and a 65mph speed limit. After crossing over Game Creek, the turnpike reaches the exit 1 toll plaza, where northbound drivers must obtain a ticket, and southbound drivers must surrender their ticket and pay the proper toll. Two Express E-ZPass lanes are provided in each direction. Paralleling I-295, the turnpike continues east-northeast through rural Salem County with two lanes in each direction. After passing under Route 48, the turnpike enters Oldmans Township, where it has the John Fenwick Service Area northbound and the Clara Barton Service Area southbound. The turnpike then briefly enters Pilesgrove Township before crossing the Oldmans Creek into Woolwich Township.
Continuing northeast, the turnpike crosses the SMS Rail Lines' Salem Branch before passing to the south of Swedesboro. After crossing the Raccoon Creek, the highway reaches an interchange for US 322. A maintenance yard is present on the northbound side of the turnpike immediately north of the interchange into Harrison Township. The route heads northeast into East Greenwich Township past farmland before crossing Edwards Creek. Here, the turnpike passes by residential developments and soon crosses the Mantua Creek into West Deptford Township, where it passes through parkland before development near the route increases substantially. After passing under Mantua Pike (Route 45), the turnpike enters Woodbury Heights, where it passes by homes before crossing Conrail Shared Assets Operations' (CSAO) Vineland Secondary and entering Deptford Township. Here, the turnpike passes under Route 47 before crossing the Big Timber Creek. Immediately northeast of this point, the turnpike passes under the Route 42 freeway and enters the Camden County borough of Bellmawr. After passing to the south of an industrial park, the turnpike enters Runnemede and comes to an exit for Black Horse Pike (Route 168), serving the city of Camden to the north and providing access to the Atlantic City Expressway to the south. Immediately after the interchange, the turnpike crosses back into Bellmawr before entering Barrington, where it passes under Route 41/CR 573. The turnpike then passes near packaging plants before entering Lawnside and crossing over White Horse Pike (US 30).
Still two lanes in each direction, the turnpike continues northeast past a warehouse and eventually comes within yards of I-295. Upon entering Cherry Hill, the turnpike passes over tracks carrying the PATCO Speedline and NJ Transit's Atlantic City Line before reaching the Walt Whitman Service Area along the southbound lanes. Continuing northeast, the turnpike passes under Route 70 before crossing the Pennsauken Creek into Mount Laurel, Burlington County, where it has an exit for Route 73. North of this point, the turnpike has three lanes in each direction. Still running within close proximity of I-295, the turnpike comes to a New Jersey State Police station and passes under Route 38 before crossing CSAO's Pemberton Industrial Track. After the northbound James Fenimore Cooper Service Area, the road crosses over Rancocas Creek and passes to the northwest of Rancocas State Park. Now in Westampton Township, the distance between I-295 and the turnpike increases, and the turnpike reaches an exit for Burlington-Mount Holly Road (CR 541). Northeast of this point, the turnpike continues as a six-lane highway into Burlington Township, where it passes by houses and the Burlington Country Club before entering Springfield Township. Here, the turnpike passes by agricultural areas before crossing Assiscunk Creek.
Now in Mansfield Township, the turnpike splits into a "dual-dual" configuration similar to a local-express configuration. The outer lanes are open to all vehicles and the inner lanes are limited to cars only, unless signed otherwise because of unusual conditions. The turnpike has now has a total of 12 lanes, six in each direction (3-3-3-3). Just north of the split is an interchange with the Pearl Harbor Memorial Turnpike Extension, where the turnpike mainline becomes concurrent with I-95. North of this point, the turnpike enters Bordentown Township and has an exit for US 206. Continuing northeast, the turnpike passes by a mix of residential neighborhoods and farmland and enters Chesterfield Township before passing over Crosswicks Creek and entering Hamilton Township in Mercer County. The highway then reaches the Woodrow Wilson and Richard Stockton service areas on the southbound and northbound sides, respectively. After the service areas, the turnpike enters Robbinsville Township and reaches an exit for I-195, an east–west freeway connecting the state capital of Trenton with the Jersey Shore. North of I-195, the turnpike passes to the west of several warehouses and traverses numerous parks and wooded areas. After crossing Assunpink Creek, the turnpike enters East Windsor Township, where the road changes its course to a slightly more northerly path. Near Hightstown is an exit for Route 133, which connects the turnpike with and provides a bypass for Route 33 in the area. North of here, the turnpike crosses the Millstone River into Cranbury Township, Middlesex County, and passes more warehouses on both sides of the road in addition to the southbound Molly Pitcher Service Area. After entering Monroe Township, the turnpike has a modified trumpet interchange with Route 32 serving Jamesburg. The interchange has a ramp for traffic seeking Route 32 eastbound forming an "S" shape, taking traffic to Cranbury South River Road. Upon crossing into South Brunswick, the turnpike crosses CSAO's Amboy Secondary and passes by more industrial parks. The highway then enters East Brunswick, where suburban development along the corridor greatly increases, indicating the entrance to the built-up portion of the New York metropolitan area. Continuing north, the turnpike passes to the east of a golf course and has the northbound Joyce Kilmer Service Area. The route briefly enters Milltown before crossing back into East Brunswick, where it passes by many homes before reaching an exit for Route 18 serving the county seat of New Brunswick. After Route 18, the turnpike enters New Brunswick and crosses over the Raritan River on the Basilone Memorial Bridge into Edison. The structure honors John Basilone, a Raritan resident who is the only United States Marine to be honored with the Medal of Honor, the Navy Cross and the Purple Heart. He died in the Battle of Iwo Jima in 1945.[11]
After crossing the Rartian River, the turnpike passes by several warehouses and industrial parks before crossing CSAO's Bonhamtown Industrial Track line and reaching an exit serving I-287 and Route 440. Soon afterwards, the turnpike passes over the Middlesex Greenway and enters Woodbridge Township, where it reaches an exit serving the Garden State Parkway and US 9. North of this interchange is the headquarters of the NJTA. From Woodbridge Township to Newark, high-occupancy vehicle lanes (HOV lanes) exist on the outer roadway (truck lanes), thereby making it seven lanes in each direction (4-3-3-4). The HOV restrictions are in effect on weekdays, from 6:00 a.m. to 9:00 a.m. northbound, and 4:00 p.m. to 7:00 p.m. southbound (at times, the NJTA might suspend the HOV restrictions entirely during peak hours in case of unusual conditions).[12] Continuing northeast, the turnpike passes under Amboy Avenue (Route 35) and crosses NJ Transit's North Jersey Coast Line. Past this point, the turnpike crosses the Woodbridge River and reaches the Grover Cleveland Service Area northbound and the Thomas Edison Service Area southbound. After passing over CSAO's Port Reading Secondary line, the turnpike enters Carteret and begins to run parallel to CSAO's Chemical Coast Secondary line, which is located east of the turnpike. In Carteret, the highway comes to an interchange serving the borough in addition to Rahway. Immediately north of the interchange, the Wallberg-Lovely Memorial Bridge carries the turnpike over the Rahway River. The bridge is dedicated to Private Martin Wallberg from Westfield, and Private Luke Lovely from, South Amboy, the first soldiers from New Jersey to die in World War I.[13] In Linden, the turnpike passes to the east of a large industrial park before reaching an exit for I-278, which traverses the nearby Goethals Bridge. North of this point, the speed limit drops to 55mph, and the turnpike crosses the Elizabeth River into the city of Elizabeth. After bisecting residential areas, the route comes to an exit for the Route 81 freeway, providing access to Newark Liberty International Airport. While passing to the east of the airport and Brewster Road, the turnpike also passes to the west of the Elizabeth Center big-box center and the Port Newark–Elizabeth Marine Terminal upon entering Newark. A section of the turnpike and the surrounding land in Elizabeth and Newark has been called "the most dangerous two miles in America" by New Jersey Homeland Security officials due to the high volume of traffic and the density of potential terrorist targets in the surrounding area.[14]
After reaching the north end of the airport, the HOV lanes end, and the turnpike comes to an interchange with I-78, which is also the Newark Bay Extension of the turnpike east of the mainline. North of I-78, the turnpike passes over CSAO's Chemical Coast Secondary, Greenville Running Track, and National Docks Branch at the Oak Island Yard. At this point, the car-truck lane configuration ends, and the turnpike splits into two spurs: the Eastern Spur (the original roadway) and the Western Spur (opened in 1970). Both are signed as I-95. The Western Spur is posted for through traffic on I-95 seeking I-280 and the George Washington Bridge, while traffic seeking US 46, I-80, and the Lincoln Tunnel is routed via the Eastern Spur. NJDOT, which calls every class of highway "Route", calls the Western Spur "Route 95W". The NJTA refers to the complex series of roadways and ramps linking the car–truck lanes, the two spurs, as well as traffic heading to and from I-78 as the "Southern Mixing Bowl".[15] Both spurs have an exit for US 1/9 Truck and pass under the Pulaski Skyway (US 1/9) at this point before crossing over CSAO's Passaic and Harsimus Line, and will meet up at US 46 and I-80 to continue to the George Washington Bridge where the Turnpike will eventually end.
The Eastern Spur crosses the Passaic River on the Chaplain Washington Bridge, which honors Rev. John P. Washington who gave up his life jacket and died as the SS Dorchester sank on February 3, 1943.[16] After crossing over tracks carrying PATH's Newark–World Trade Center line, NJ Transit's Morris & Essex Lines, and Amtrak's Northeast Corridor, the spur surfaces into Kearny, Hudson County, as a six-lane highway, and has a partial interchange with I-280, containing only a southbound exit and northbound entrance. Past this point, the spur passes over Route 7 and crosses the Hackensack River on the Lewandowski Hackensack River Bridge. The bridge was named in honor of the three Lewandowski brothers, Army Private Alexander, Marine Sergeant Walter and Air Force Lieutenant William, who were killed in action during World War II within 18 months of each other. The turnpike then enters Secaucus and crosses the railroad right-of-way of the future Essex-Hudson Greenway and runs along the east side of Snake Hill. It then passes over NJ Transit's Main Line at Secaucus Junction station, which serves NJ Transit trains running along the Northeast Corridor and the Main Line. After the southbound lanes have the Alexander Hamilton Service Area, the turnpike reaches the exit 18E toll plaza, serving as the northern end of the ticket system. Immediately afterwards is an interchange with Route 495 and Route 3, providing access to the Lincoln Tunnel. After passing through swampland in the Meadowlands, the spur crosses into Ridgefield, Bergen County. Here, the Eastern Spur comes to the northernmost service area on the turnpike, the Vince Lombardi Service Area. After passing over the New York, Susquehanna and Western Railway's New Jersey Subdivision line and CSX's River Subdivision line, the highway merges back together with the Western Spur as it passes east of PSE&G's Bergen Generating Station and crosses Overpeck Creek into Ridgefield Park, where the turnpike comes to its original northern terminus at US 46.[17]
The Harry Laderman Bridge, named after the first turnpike employee killed on the job,[18] carries the Western Spur over the Passaic River and then tracks carrying PATH's Newark–World Trade Center line, NJ Transit's Morris & Essex Lines, and Amtrak's Northeast Corridor. Running north with six lanes, the Western Spur has a full interchange with I-280 before crossing over Route 7 and the former Boonton Line. The spur then enters Lyndhurst and crosses NJ Transit's Main Line and Berrys Creek before passing over NJ Transit's Bergen County Line and entering East Rutherford. Here, the Western Spur has a junction with Route 3, where it loses a lane in each direction. The highway reaches the exit 18W toll plaza before passing by the Meadowlands Sports Complex and the American Dream shopping and entertainment complex, which are served by a southbound exit and northbound entrance with connections to Route 120 and CR 503 via Route 3. After crossing the Hackensack River, the Western Spur has access to the Vince Lombardi Service Area before crossing the New York, Susquehanna and Western Railway's New Jersey Subdivision line and CSX's River Subdivision line and merging with the Eastern Spur.
See main article: Interstate 78 in New Jersey and Interstate 95 in New Jersey.
The turnpike has three extensions; the first, the 8.2miles-long Newark Bay Extension, opened in 1956,[19] and is part of Interstate 78. It connects Newark with Lower Manhattan via the Holland Tunnel in Jersey City and intersects the mainline near Newark Liberty International Airport. This extension has three exits (exits 14A, 14B, and 14C), and due to its design (four lanes with a shoulderless Jersey barrier divider), has a 50mi/h speed limit. The extension traverses the Newark Bay Bridge (officially the Vincent R. Casciano Memorial Bridge), which is a steel cantilever bridge spanning Newark Bay and connecting Newark and Bayonne. Dubbed the "world's most expensive road" by The Jersey Journal, it was completed April 4, 1956. Casciano was a state assemblyman and a lifetime resident of Bayonne.[20]
The second extension, known as the Pearl Harbor Memorial Turnpike Extension (or Pennsylvania Turnpike Connector), carries I-95 off the mainline of the New Jersey Turnpike at exit 6 and connects to the Pennsylvania Turnpike via the Delaware River–Turnpike Toll Bridge, a continuous truss bridge spanning the Delaware River. This extension, and the Delaware River Bridge, were opened to traffic on May 25, 1956.[21] A 6miles, six-lane highway, it has an exit, designated as 6A, to US 130 near Florence. The extension was formerly designated as Route 700P, but was officially designated as I-95 after the Somerset Freeway was cancelled, and was signed as such when the first components of the Pennsylvania Turnpike/Interstate 95 Interchange Project were completed on September 22, 2018.[22]
The third extension, the 4adj=onNaNadj=on stretch of I-95 north of US 46 came under NJTA jurisdiction in 1992, as NJDOT sold the road to balance the state budget, and it is not tolled. This section of the road – known as the I-95 Extension – extends the mainline to travel past the interchange for I-80 in Teaneck where the original terminus was, and through a cut in the Hudson Palisades to the George Washington Bridge Plaza in Fort Lee. The NJDOT originally built a "missing link" in between U.S. 46 and I-80, then a connector highway from I-80 to the George Washington Bridge, prior to being sold to the NJTA. Even though it was not constructed when the Turnpike first opened, the I-95 Extension is still considered to be a part of the mainline, not just a spur like the Newark Bay or Pennsylvania Turnpike extensions are, despite it not being tolled. It also passes under the Edgewood Road Bridge in Leonia, a high overpass known for its scenery for long-distance travelers entering New Jersey.[23] The turnpike terminates at US 9W (exit 72), with the final approaches to the George Washington Bridge along I-95 maintained by the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey. Signs saying "Turnpike Entrance" southbound past I-80 mean entering the tolled parts of the Turnpike. Exit numbers along this section follow the mile markers I-95 would have had if the Somerset Freeway was built.
Along with the Garden State Parkway, the New Jersey Turnpike is noted for naming its service areas after notable New Jersey residents.[24]
| Direction | Nearest exits | Location | Notes | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clara Barton | Southbound | 5.4miles | 1, 2 | Oldmans Township | ||
| John Fenwick | Northbound | 5.4miles | 1, 2 | Oldmans Township | ||
| Walt Whitman | Southbound | 30.2miles | 3, 4 | Cherry Hill | ||
| James Fenimore Cooper | Northbound | 39.4miles | 4, 5 | Mount Laurel | ||
| Richard Stockton | Southbound | 58.7miles | 7, 7A | Hamilton Township | ||
| Woodrow Wilson | Northbound | 58.7miles | 7, 7A | Hamilton Township | ||
| Molly Pitcher | Southbound | 71.7miles | 8, 8A | Cranbury | ||
| Joyce Kilmer | Northbound | 78.7miles | 8A, 9 | East Brunswick | ||
| Grover Cleveland | Northbound | 92.9miles | 11, 12 | Woodbridge Township | Damaged by Hurricane Sandy in 2012; reopened in 2015 | |
| Thomas Edison | Southbound | 92.9miles | 11, 12 | Woodbridge Township | ||
| Alexander Hamilton | Southbound | 111.6miles | 15X, 16E | Secaucus | Eastern spur only | |
| Vince Lombardi | Both | 116miles | 17/19W, 68 | Ridgefield | Eastern and western spurs; Vince Lombardi Park & Ride located at service area |
Before 1982, there was a service area on the northbound side named for Admiral William Halsey.[26] However, in 1982, exit 13A was created, which caused the obscuring of the rest area, as they both overlapped with each other. Anyone who wanted to get to the service area missed exiting at exit 13A, and (northbound) drivers who took that exit missed that service area. The service area closed permanently on June 4, 1994.[27] Today, it can be seen by motorists when exiting 13A from the northbound car lanes, where a temporary concrete barrier obstructs an open asphalt lot.
Two service areas were located on the Newark Bay Extension (one eastbound and one westbound) located west of exit 14B. These were closed in the early 1970s. The eastbound service area was named for John Stevens, the westbound service area for Peter Stuyvesant.[28]
In late March 2010, it was revealed that the state Transportation Commissioner was considering selling the naming rights of the rest areas to help address a budget shortfall.[29]
The Grover Cleveland Service Area in Woodbridge was temporarily closed because of storm damage from Hurricane Sandy in October 2012, with only fuel available. It was rebuilt and fully reopened on November 23, 2015.[30] [31] In 2015, the NJTA installed Tesla Supercharger stations in the Molly Pitcher and Joyce Kilmer service areas to allow Tesla car owners to charge their vehicles. A proposal to offer charging stations for non-Tesla vehicles is also under consideration.[32]
The NJTA offers 12adj=midNaNadj=mid shoulders wherever possible, and disabled vehicle service may be obtained by dialing #95 on a cellular phone. Towing and roadside assistance are provided from authorized garages. The New Jersey State Police is the primary police agency that handles calls for service on the turnpike. New Jersey State Police Troop D serves the New Jersey Turnpike, with stations in Cranbury, Moorestown, and Newark.[33] Other emergency services such as fire and first aid are usually handled by the jurisdictions in which that section of the turnpike passes.[34]
| State: | NJ |
| Type: | NJ 1926 |
| Route: | 100 |
| Location: | New Brunswick - Fort Lee |
| Formed: | 1938 |
| Deleted: | 1953 |
| State: | NJ |
| Type: | NJ 1926 |
| Route: | 300 |
| Location: | Deepwater - New Brunswick |
| Formed: | 1938 |
| Deleted: | 1953 |
Route 100 and Route 300 were two state highways proposed in the 1930s by the New Jersey State Highway Department as precursors to the New Jersey Turnpike.
The road that is now the New Jersey Turnpike was first planned by the State Highway Department as two freeways in 1938. Route 100 was the route from New Brunswick to the George Washington Bridge, plus a spur to the Holland Tunnel, now the Newark Bay Extension of the Turnpike. Route 300 was the southern part of the turnpike from the Delaware Memorial Bridge to New Brunswick. However, the State Highway Department did not have the funds to complete the two freeways, and very little of the road was built under its auspices.[35] [36] Instead, in 1948, the NJTA was created to build the road, and the two freeways were built as a single toll road.
Route S100 was a proposed spur of Route 100 in Elizabeth. It was never built, although Route 81 follows a similar alignment.
According to a letter to the editor written by Kathleen Troast Pitney, the daughter of Paul L. Troast, the first chairman of the NJTA:
A brochure Interesting Facts about the New Jersey Turnpike, dating from soon after the road's opening, says that when the turnpike's bonds are paid off, "the law provides that the turnpike be turned over to the state for inclusion in the public highway system". Due to new construction, and the expectation that the turnpike pays for policing and maintenance, this has never come to pass.
The project of building the turnpike had its challenges. One major problem was the construction in the city of Elizabeth, where either 450 homes or 32 businesses would be destroyed, depending on the chosen route. The engineers decided to go through the residential area, since they considered it the grittiest and the closest route to both Newark Airport and the Port Newark–Elizabeth Marine Terminal seaport.
When construction finally got to Newark, there was the new challenge of deciding to build either over or under the Pulaski Skyway. If construction went above the skyway, the costs would be much higher. If they went under, the costs would be lower, but the roadway would be very close to the Passaic River, making it harder for ships to pass through. The turnpike was ultimately built to pass under.[37] [38] As part of a 2005 seismic retrofit project, the NJTA lowered its roadway to increase vertical clearance and allow for full-width shoulders, which had been constrained by the location of the skyway supports.[39] Engineers replaced the bearings and lowered the bridge by 4feet, without shutting down traffic. The work was carried out by Koch Skanska in 2004, under a $35 million contract (equivalent to $ million in). The project's engineers were from a joint venture of Dewberry Goodkind Inc. and HNTB Corp. Temporary towers supported the bridge while bearings were removed from the 150 piers and the concrete replaced on the pier tops. The lowering process for an 800feet section of the bridge was done over 56 increments, during five weeks of work.[40]
While continuing up to the Meadowlands, the crossings were harder because of the fertile marsh land of silt and mud. Near the shallow mud, the mud was filled with crushed stone, and the roadway was built above the water table. In the deeper mud, caissons were sunk down to a firm stratum and filled with sand, then both the caissons and the surrounding areas were covered with blankets of sand. Gradually, the water was brought up, and drained into adjacent meadows. Then, construction of the two major bridges over the Passaic and Hackensack Rivers was completed. The bridges were built to give motorists a clear view of the New York City skyline, but with high retaining walls to create the illusion of not being on a river crossing. The 6955feet Passaic River (Chaplain Washington) Bridge cost $13.7 million to build; the 5623feet Hackensack River Bridge cost $9.5 million.
The entire 118miles length of the New Jersey Turnpike took 25 months to construct, at a total cost of $255 million. The first 44adj=midNaNadj=mid stretch, from exit 1 in Carneys Point Township north to exit 5 in Westampton Township, opened on November 5, 1951. A second 49adj=midNaNadj=mid stretch from exit 5 north to exit 11 in Woodbridge opened on November 30, 1951, followed by a third 16adj=midNaNadj=mid stretch from exit 11 north to exit 15E in Newark on December 20, 1951. The fourth and final 9miles stretch, from exit 15E north to exit 18 in Ridgefield, opened on January 15, 1952, completing the turnpike.[41] After the turnpike was competed in 1952, the NJTA and the New York State Thruway Authority (NYSTA) proposed a 13miles extension of the New Jersey Turnpike that would run from its end (at US 46 in Ridgefield Park at the time) up to West Nyack, New York, at I-87 (New York State Thruway). The section through New Jersey was to be constructed and maintained by the NJTA, while the section in New York was to be built and maintained by the NYSTA. The purpose of this extension was to give motorists a "more direct bypass of the New York City area" to New England, by using the Tappan Zee Bridge. The extension was to parallel New York State Route 303 (NY 303) and the present-day CSX River Subdivision, and have limited interchanges. It was to have an interchange with the Palisades Interstate Parkway and at I-87 (New York State Thruway) in West Nyack. This project did not survive; by 1970, it became too expensive to buy right-of-way access, and community opposition was fierce. Therefore, the NJTA and the NYSTA canceled the project. NJDOT did construct a small segment of this extension, the portion between US 46 and I-80, as part of the I-95 Extension. This segment was later transferred to the NJTA.
With the turnpike completed, traffic increased beyond expectations, which prompted planning for two widenings in 1955. the first of these would widen the segment of roadway and from four lanes to an eight-lane, dual-dual setup (2-2-2-2, two express carriageways and two local carriageways in each direction) between exit 10 and exit 14. The second widening would add two lanes from exit 4 and exit 10, making for a total of six lans shared between both directions. In April 1956, the widening between exit 10 and exit 14 was competed, also as part of this project, exit 14 was rebuilt from a standard exit that served US 1-9 into the 8.2adj=midNaNadj=mid Newark Bay Extension.[42] On May 25 of that year, the widening between exit 4 and exit 10 was competed, along with this came the 6adj=onNaNadj=on Pearl Harbor Memorial extension and its interchange with the mainline.[21]
In 1958, a part of the turnpike was designated as I-95.[43] [44] In addition part of the southern segment was signed as I-295, and the Newark Bay Extension was signed as I-78.
On May 15, 1962, the authority opened a new exit 12. This full interchange, which replaced the original slip ramps at the location, cost $3,500,000 (equivalent to $ in) to construct, and unlike the old ramps, contained a southbound exit and northbound entrance.[45]
On August 7, 1962, a project to improve the road in preparation for the 1964 World's Fair started. It involved demolishing parts of four interchanges and upgrading two others into full ones. In addition to toll plaza improvements across the entire highway.[46] Exit 17 had its northbound entrance and exits permanently closed on June 16, 1963.[47] A new exit 18 was completed on February 25, 1964, replacing the old exit 18 that had previously existed at the roads northern terminus.[48] On May 29, 1964, the project was competed, this when the new northbound connections at exit 16 were competed,[49]
On February 14, 1966, exit 8A was opened to traffic.[50] The interchange was constructed as part of the bigger project to modernize the roads in Cranberry.
In late 1966, the turnpike authority announced a project to widen the turnpike between exit 10 and exit 14 under a new expansion plan.[51] This abolished the express-local roadway plan and created the car and truck-buses lane configuration (3-3-3-3). This project also included demolishing the old exit 10 at Woodbridge and replacing it with a new exit 10 in Edison Township, in addition to a new exit 13, and exit 11.[52] On July 31, 1968, the replacement exit 13 was opened, unlike the original ramp, it provided direct access to the Goethals Bridge, as well as the what was then new stretch of I-278.[53] The interchange was opened as planned, and old exit was then closed and slated for demolition, this waspmote by October.[54] The new Edison interchange was opened on January 13, 1970;[55] And dual-dual setup was opened on January 14,[56] and was extended north with the construction of the Western spur of the turnpike that opened on September 3, 1970.[57] Within Ridgefield Park, the Bergen-Passaic Expressway was built on the north side of the borough, and left a mile gap to the turnpike. This gap was closed on October 20, 1971, later, a realigned interchange with US 46 was also opened, replacing the then obsoleted trumpet interchange that was almost entirely demolished.[58]
The New Jersey Turnpike smog accident occurred in the town of Kearny, on October 23 and 24, 1973. The first collision occurred at 11:20 p.m. EDT on the 23rd. Further accidents continued to occur until 2:45 a.m. the next day as cars plowed into the unseen accident ahead of them. Sixty-six vehicles were involved, and nine people died as a result. Thirty-nine suffered non-fatal injuries. The primary cause of the accident was related to a fire consisting of burning garbage, aggravated by foggy conditions.[59] This produced an area of extremely poor visibility.
In 1971, the authority announced plans to extend the dual-dual setup to exit 9 in East Brunswick.[60] This project was completed northbound on November 14, 1973,[61] and southbound on January 13, 1974.[62]
On May 30, 1974, exit 7A was opened to traffic.[63] The interchange, which connected to I-195, was also constructed to serve the nearby Great Adventure, which opened later that year.
With the completion of I-78 to the Newark Bay Extension on May 27, 1977,[64] the interchanges toll plaza was replaced with a wider one and ramps replaced, with none of the original 1951 configuration remaining.
In 1971, the NJTA proposed building the Alfred E. Driscoll Expressway. It was to start at the Garden State Parkway south of exit 80 in Dover Township (now Toms River) and end at the turnpike approximately 3miles north of exit 8A in South Brunswick. As a proposed part of the turnpike system, its seven interchanges would have included toll plazas except at the northern end of the turnpike. By 1972, the proposed road met fierce opposition from Ocean, Monmouth, and Middlesex counties with quality of life being the main concern. The NJTA proceeded anyway and began selling bonds. But by December 1973, Governor-elect Brendan Byrne decided to stop the project altogether. Despite this, the authority continued with its plan. It was not until February 1977 that the authority abandoned its plan to build the road.[65] The rights-of-way were sold in 1979, shelving the project indefinitely.[66]
On June 10, 1982, exit 13A was opened to traffic.[67] The interchange was constructed in order to provide direct connections to the nearby Newark Liberty International Airport, which had previously having required taking convoluted routes via exit 13 or 14.
In the 1987, the authority announced a plan a to rebuild the Western Spur. If this were to be competed, it would have added truck lanes, in addition to a new exit 15 W-A, which would've replaced exit 15. However, it was never carried out.[41]
In 1988, a project to reconstruct exit 7 was announced.[68] A new, 12 lane toll plaza and ramp complex located NaNmiles away from the original plaza was to be constructed, and the existing toll plaza was demolished,[41] though the old overpass would be left intact as a U-turn ramp. Construction began almost immediately, and was completed in 1990, and costed $30 million.[41]
In 1985, the authority announced plans to extend the dual dual roadway to exits 8A.[69] Groundbreaking for this project began on June 23, 1987.[70] This widening between created some problems in the East Brunswick area. Analysis of noise [71] and air quality impacts were made in a lawsuit decided in New Jersey Superior Court. This case, in the early 1970s, was one of the early examples of environmental scientists playing a role in the design of a major highway in the US. The computer models allowed the court to understand the effects of roadway geometry, in this case width, vehicle speeds, proposed noise barriers, residential setback and pavement types. The outcome was a compromise that involved substantial mitigation of noise pollution and air pollution impacts. The dual-dual roadway setup was extended south in and on October 22, 1990, to exit 8A in Monroe Township.[72] Exit 8A was rebuilt, replacing the T-intersection with a trumpet interchange, this part of the project was completed in May 1991.[73]
In 1992, the turnpike was extended by 4miles from I-95 exits 68 to 72B, NJDOT had sold this segment of roadway to balance the state budget.[74]
In 1996, an HOV lane was opened between exits 11 and exits 14 on the truck lanes. The cost of this project was $361 million. It is reserved for use only during peak hours. By 1997, various improvements had also been made to the 1.5miles stretch between exits 14 and exits 15E in Newark. This part of the project cost $148 million.[41] On September 24 of that year, the Pennsylvania connector was officially renamed the Pearl Harbor Memorial extension, this was done in remembrance of the Americans who died during the Attack on Pearl Harbor.[75]
In May 1998, the speed limit was increased from 55mph65mph between exits 1 and exits 13. Despite this, no other segment north of it had its speed limit raised.[41]
In the late 1990s, a project to improve exit 13A in Elizabeth was started. It was completed in 1999, at the cost of $140 million. It was funded by the developers of Jersey Gardens, its construction was why the upgrade was carried out.[76] Later that year, a bill to rename the mainline road as the New Jersey Veterans Turnpike was proposed by the New Jersey General Assembly. Proposed by Jack Collins, this memorial would have resulted in $500,000 worth of signage replacement. Despite passing the assembly, it was never signed into law.[41]
In October 1997, groundbreaking was held on a project to reconstruct the Pearl Harbor Memorial Extension.[75] As part of this project, a new interchange with US 130 was built that was completed on December 17, 1999, replacing the old slip ramp in the area that fead onto local streets with many potholes.[77] in addition, the toll plaza was replaced with a new wider one that contained EZ-Pass lanes, this part of the project was completed in February 2000.[78] On September 30 of that year, NJTA began using E-ZPass for electronic toll collection on the mainline.[79]
A replacement exit 1 toll barrier was completed in July 2004. Planned since the 1990s, the new plaza features 23 lanes, a walkway to allow for the toll collectors to avoid crossing traffic, and four high-speed E-ZPass lanes (two in each direction). Construction of the plaza had started in early 2001, and had cost $44 million to construct. The plaza was located approximately 1.2miles north of the original toll gate.
In 2003, the E-ZPass system was extensively overhauled when the turnpike's E-ZPass transitioned to ACS State and local solutions. Also in 2002, the authority proposed adding express lanes to the eastern and western spurs.[80] In January 2004, the authority opened the new 18W express gantries in Carlstadt; these allowed for two 45 m.p.h lanes in each direction, though were restricted to EZ-Pass users only.
On December 1, 2005, the authority opened exit 15X. They did this to allow turnpike traffic to easily access the Secaucus Junction.[81] \
In order to address chronic congestion, the authority opened a new two lane ramp at exit 8A to carry traffic onto the newly extended CR 535 in February 2006. The ramp that allowed traffic onto Route 32 westbound was then closed off permanently (though not demolished); despite redundancy, the eastbound ramp was left intact.[82] In May 2006, hybrid vehicles were permitted to use the HOV lanes during peak periods. The authority planned to build Route 92, an east–west spur from US 1 and Ridge Road in the township of South Brunswick to the mainline of the turnpike at exit 8A in Monroe Township. This proposition was canceled on December 1, 2006.[82]
In 2005, The authority began to lower the Eastern Spur (between mileposts 107.3 and 107.5) in Newark. This project, competed in 2008, made it so that the spur consisted of a minimum 15feet vertical clearance and 12feet horizontal clearance on the shoulders underneath the Pulaski Skyway (US 1/9).
In March 2010, The authority completed a project that rebuilt exit 16W in the Borough of East Rutherford. Several new ramps were built, and old ones were demolished. One major modification was demolishing the old ramp from the tollgate to Route 3 west and constructing a new elevated ramp that swings swing around in the opposite direction to merge with Route 3 west, thereby completing the double trumpet-like interchange and reducing weaving on Route 3.[83] In April, the NJTA completed a project that rebuilt exit 12 in the Borough of Carteret. The project, carried out in order to reduce truck traffic, involved constructing new elevated ramps from Roosevelt Avenue east to the toll gate, replacing what was previously a fully an at-grade interchange with a unidirectional one. In addition, the seven-lane toll booth was demolished, and a new 17-lane one was constructed in its place. While it initially planned to be completed in November or December 2009, though was delayed five to six months behind schedule.[84]
The NJTA began accepting E-ZPass on all toll lanes on March 5, 2011, previously only marked lanes allowed for such.[85] In the middle of that year, the authority also competed a reconstruction of the Route 495 westbound overpass across the turnpike at exit 16E in Secaucus in order to add a third lane to said ramp.[86]
In late 2012, the authority completed a project that made many Safety improvements to exit 2 in Woolwich Township. A traffic signal at the T-intersection with US 322, and turn lanes were added, in addition, a fourth access point was also constructed.[87] [88]
In November 2004, Governor Richard Codey advocated a plan to widen the turnpike by extending the dual-dual configuration 20.1miles south from exit 8A in Monroe Township to exit 6 in Mansfield Township. This was to be completed by 2014 when Pennsylvania was supposed to finish an interchange, that would connect its turnpike to the existing I-95 in Bristol Township, Pennsylvania. Finances were to be supplied by rerouting money from the planned Route 92 Turnpike extension.[89] As part of this project, the NJTA expanded the turnpike by changing the dual-dual configuration (from 2-3-3-2 to 3-3-3-3) between exit 9 in East Brunswick Township and exit 8A in Monroe Township. Minimal construction was needed since overpasses were already built with future expansion in mind. Only final preparation and paving of an outer lane in the outer roadways were required to accommodate the extra lane. New signage and lighting were installed as part of the widening project. It was thought that some transmission towers that ran near the turnpike would have to be replaced to make room for the newly constructed roadways. However, this idea was dismissed because it would have been cost prohibitive, and the towers, in fact, did not need to be.[90] The widened turnpike features six lanes in each direction (3-3-3-3), double the previous capacity.[91] [92] The following interchanges were upgraded with this widening project: exit 6 (Mansfield Township), exit 7 (Bordentown Township), exit 7A (Robbinsville Township), exit 8 (East Windsor Township), and exit 8A (Monroe Township).[93]
| Exit | Interchange/Toll Gate Location | Mile | Ramp modifications | Expansion to toll gate | Notes | Start of construction | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 6 | Mansfield Township | 50.9 | Build two-lane high-speed ramps to/from inner and outer roadways | No | Southern end of "dual–dual" setup | Late 2009 | |
| 7 | Bordentown Township | 53.7 | Build single lane ramps to/from inner and outer roadways | No | Mid-2009 | ||
| Hamilton Township | 57.8 | Build single lane inner and outer roadway exit/entrance ramps | — | Woodrow Wilson Service Area (6N) and Richard Stockton Service Area (6S) | Late 2009 | ||
| 7A | Robbinsville Township | 60.5 | Build new ramps to inner and outer roadways | Yes—add three more lanes to gate | Two-lane ramps to be built to enter northbound lanes and exit southbound lanes and single lane ramps to enter southbound lanes and exit northbound lanes | Mid-2009 | |
| 8 | East Windsor Township | 67.6 | Build new interchange with single lane ramps to/from inner and outer roadways, and ramp to maintenance shed | Yes—new 12-lane toll gate | New exit 8 was constructed east of the turnpike, connecting directly to the Route 133 and Route 33 | Mid-2009 | |
| 7S | Cranbury Township | 71.5 | Build single-lane southbound ramps to/from inner and outer roadways | — | Molly Pitcher Service Area on the southbound side | Early 2010 | |
| 8A | South Brunswick/Monroe Township | 73.9 | Build single-lane entrance ramp to southbound inner car lanes | No | Early 2010 |
On January 1, 2007, the NJTA released its plan for exit 8 in East Windsor Township. The old interchange, located west of the turnpike, was demolished and replaced with a new one located to the east of the turnpike. The new interchange configuration opened in January 2013, featuring a new toll plaza consisting of 10 lanes, with direct access to Route 133 (Hightstown Bypass) without going through any traffic lights, as well as to Route 33 by using a grade-separated interchange.[94] Construction of a realigned Milford Road, near the interchange, was open to traffic in October 2011.[95] Milford Road was converted into an overpass crossing over the new interchange 8 ramp. The junction with the realigned Milford Road, Route 33 and Monmouth Street was also modified.[96] On July 2, 2009, a ceremonial groundbreaking took place near exit 8 to initiate the widening of the turnpike.[97] On January 28, 2014, the last two of the project's 31 construction contracts was awarded.[98] On May 17–18, 2014, the NJTA switched traffic from the inner roadway for the new outer roadway to do repairs and resurfacing of the inner roadway.[99] A total of six northbound lanes between exits 6 and 9 opened on October 26, 2014, while the southbound lanes opened a week later on November 3, 2014. The final cost reported to be $2.3 billion.[100] [101] The project employed 1,000 workers a day, and at one point was the largest active road construction project in the Western Hemisphere.[102]
All of the turnpike's original variable-message signs (VMS) were replaced from 2010 to 2015, and many new signs were also added. The replacement signs, which feature full graphic color matrix technology, are more up-to-date and feature travel times to major routes when not otherwise in use.[103]
In late October 2015, the southbound inner roadway exit ramp at exit 7A was closed to make repairs to the overpass crossing over the truck lanes. Steel plates beneath the deck of the exit ramp overpass "were not built to specification" when it was originally constructed, and to avoid premature replacement in the future, the ramps were repaired. These repairs were completed in late November 2015.[104]
To reduce congestion, the NJTA has widened Route 18 and reconstructed all the associated ramps at exit 9 (except the ramp to Route 18 north) in East Brunswick Township. Construction began in late 2012 and was completed in mid-2016.[105] [106] [107] [108]
The authority planned to reconstruct exit 14A in Jersey City and its connectors in Bayonne because the interchange was in "poor condition" and suffered from chronic congestion. This was part of a bigger project to address future traffic volume along Route 440. Official groundbreaking occurred on March 11, 2015, with an expanded toll plaza and connector bridge targeted for completion in late 2018 with a $310 million budget.[109] [110] The newly expanded exit 14A reopened in May 2018 ahead of its anticipated opening later in the year.[111]
Signage for I-95 was extended from I-195 in Robbinsville Township to exit 6 in September 2018, the Pearl Harbor Memorial Extension was also signed.[112]
On March 31, 2014, the NJTA began a new lane control system on the eastbound lanes of the Newark Bay–Hudson County Extension, using the shoulder as a travel lane between exit 14 to 14C.[113] This system was discontinued on May 20, 2019, as part of a bridge redecking project.[114]
On March 24, 2020, the New Jersey Turnpike Authority temporarily suspended cash toll collection due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Drivers without E-ZPass transponders had their license plates photographed at the toll plazas and were sent bills in the mail. Cash collection resumed on May 19 of that year.[115]
In January 2020, the NJTA announced plans to construct E-ZPass express lanes at exit 18E.[116] This project was completed in November 2021.[117]
From late April to May 2022, the ramps onto US 206 at exit 7 to the turnpike were temporarily closed so the overpass could be demolished.[118] Additionally, they also cpmeted a widening of the express lanes at exit 6 in order to add a single collection lane in each direction, as the original configuration had become oblsoete.[119]
On June 9, 2023, the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials approved redesignating the Eastern Spur as I-695 and officially designating the Western Spur as I-95.
The authority is planning a 1.1miles roadway called the "Tremley Point Road Connector" from Industrial Highway in the Borough of Carteret to Tremley Point Road in the City of Linden. The purpose of this extension is to increase truck access to the Tremley Point industrial area in Linden while moving trucks off local streets in residential neighborhoods. The authority chose this access road rather than a full interchange with Tremley Point Road from the turnpike mainline because of its proximity to both exits 12 and 13.[120] The estimated completion date of the connector has yet to be determined,[121] but as of October 2019, a construction contract has been awarded.[122]
The NJTA plans to widen the segment of roadway between exits 1 through 4 to six lanes, thus eliminating the final four lane stretch of mainline roadway. Construction is planned to begin in 2025 and be completed in 2032.[123] The widening, which has been in the planning stage since 1992, will also involve the replacement or rehabilitation of 55 overpasses, as well as improvements to exits 1 through 4. In addition to this, residents, and congressmen, are lobbying for the authority and NJDOT to construct a long-anticipated interchange between the turnpike with Route 42. This interchange would relieve tractor trailer traffic on exit 3 (Route 168), which creates massive backups as it is the only exit to Camden, Philadelphia, and southward. This proposed interchange will finally have a direct connection to the Atlantic City Expressway, I-76, and I-676. It would remove the requirement to travel through long suburban avenues with many traffic signals.[124]
The authority plans to widen the Newark Bay extension to six lanes. This would involve replacing 29 bridge structures, including the Newark Bay Bridge, as they are in poor condition, functionally obsolete, and unable to be naturally widened. Construction on the first phase of the project is expected to begin in 2026 and to be completed sometime between 2032 and 2034, with the other 3 phases currently undetermined. There are also currently plans to replace the Delaware River Bridge on the Pearl Harbor Memorial extension, with construction on this project expected to begin sometime after 2030.[123]
The New Jersey Turnpike is a closed-system toll road, using a system of long-distance tickets, obtained once by the motorist upon entering and surrendered upon exiting at toll gates. The toll fee depends on the distance traveled—longer distances result in higher tolls., the automobile toll from exit 1 to exit 18 is $20.05 using cash and $20.01 using E-ZPass electronic toll collection.[125] If the ticket is lost, the driver must pay the highest toll fee upon exiting. In September 2000, the turnpike introduced E-ZPass electronic toll collection.[126] Discounts were available to all users of the E-ZPass system until 2002. The cost to implement the E-ZPass system forced the NJTA to eliminate the discounts during peak hours and instead impose a $1 per month E-ZPass fee to account holders. E-ZPass customers with NJ accounts still receive a discount during off-peak hours,[127] when the automobile toll from exit 1 to exit 18 is $14.15. Cash customers do not receive this discount.[128] Four toll plazas on the turnpike have Express E-ZPass lanes, allowing E-ZPass customers to travel through toll areas at highway speeds, thanks to the addition of E-ZPass sensors on an overhead gantry. These high-speed toll gates are located at the northern terminus of the road on both the Western Spur and the Eastern Spur, the southern terminus in Carneys Point Township, and on the Pennsylvania Turnpike Extension. At each location, traditional E-ZPass and cash lanes are also available.[129] Every toll lane on the turnpike accepts E-ZPass.
The non-tolled I-295, which parallels the turnpike for much of its southern length, is often used as an alternate route for shunpiking by locals and through travelers alike; before the replacement of the exit 1 toll plaza, this route was promoted through signage and radio announcements from the New Jersey State Police as a bypass of summer congestion at the plaza.
On March 24, 2020, the NJTA temporarily suspended cash toll collection because of the COVID-19 pandemic. Drivers without E-ZPass transponders had their license plates photographed at the toll plazas and were sent bills in the mail. Cash collection resumed on May 19 of that year.[115]
The turnpike and the Garden State Parkway raised tolls in 2020 and 2021 and, in its 2023 budget, called for another toll increase of 7.4% in 2023. The NJTA said the increase was due to "pressures on discretionary travel and costs due to an inflation rate of 8.3%".[130]
