Roseomonas Explained

Roseomonas is a genus of Gram negative bacteria. The cells are coccoid rods when viewed microscopically. Certain species are known to be opportunistic infections for humans.

Background

The first species isolated had pink colonies when grown on agar, which led to the naming of the genus (from Latin roseus, pink).[1] [2] "Roseomonas species have been isolated frequently from blood, wounds, exudates, abscesses and genitourinary specimens," and have been isolated from environmental sources.[3] Roseomonas can cause bacteremia in humans, especially in immunocompromised patients. While uncommon, the reported rate of Roseomonas infection may be lower due to difficulty in detection of the bacteria in clinical settings.[4]

The first species of Roseomonas were identified when 42 strains of pink-pigmented bacteria from various clinical sources were examined. While similar to characteristics of genus Methylobacterium, the strains were found to contain three new species of a previously unidentified genus, which led to the creation of genus Roseomonas.[1]

Almost all species of Roseomonas are mesophiles. However, R. alkaliterrae is a thermophile, with an optimum growth range of 40-50 °C.[5] Six species are psychrotrophic (i.e. can grow at or below 7 °C): R. aerilata, R. aerophila, R. alkaliterrae, R. arctica, R. oryzae, and R. vinacea.[6] [7] [8] [9] [5]

Reclassified species

R. ludipueritiae and R. rosea were originally classified as Teichococcus ludipueritiae and Muricoccus roseus respectively, but further study on the organisms led to them being reclassified in genus Roseomonas.[10]

Roseomonas fauriae was one of the first species classified as Roseomonas. However, further studies found that R. fauriae was a strain of Azospirillum brasilense, and did not belong in the genus Roseomonas.[11] [12]

Distribution

The original species of Roseomonas, Roseomonas gilardii, R. mucosa, and R. cervicalis were first isolated from blood and human infections, and were likely opportunistic infections. Further discoveries of Roseomonas species were from a variety of environmental sources, including soil, freshwater sediment, plants, water, air, and environmental surfaces. The following is a list of locations from which the species were first isolated:

Air

Freshwater sediment

Plants

Soil

Surfaces

Water

Colony color

Most species of Roseomonas form pink to light red pigmented colonies when grown on culture medium. However, some species form colonies of different colors:

Red

White

Yellow, orange, or brown

Notes and References

  1. Rihs, J.D., Brenner, D.J., Weaver, R.E., Steigerwalt, A.G., Hollis, D.G. and Yu, V.L., 1993. Roseomonas, a new genus associated with bacteremia and other human infections. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 31(12), pp.3275-3283.
  2. Han XY, Pham AS, Tarrand JJ, Rolston KV, Helsel LO, Levett PN. Bacteriologic characterization of 36 strains of Roseomonas species and proposal of Roseomonas mucosa sp nov and Roseomonas gilardii subsp rosea subsp nov. American Journal of Clinical Pathology. 2003 Aug 1;120(2):256-64.
  3. Jiang CY, Dai X, Wang BJ, Zhou YG, Liu SJ. Roseomonas lacus sp. nov., isolated from freshwater lake sediment. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 2006 Jan 1;56(1):25-8.
  4. Dé I, Rolston KV, Han XY. Clinical significance of Roseomonas species isolated from catheter and blood samples: analysis of 36 cases in patients with cancer. Clinical infectious diseases. 2004 Jun 1;38(11):1579-84.
  5. Dong L, Ming H, Yin YR, Duan YY, Zhou EM, Nie GX, Feng HG, Liu L, Li WJ. Roseomonas alkaliterrae sp. nov., isolated from an alkali geothermal soil sample in Tengchong, Yunnan, south-west China. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek. 2014 May 1;105(5):899-905.
  6. Qiu X, Qu Z, Jiang F, Lin Y, Zhang Y, Chang X, Da X, Deng S, Kim M, Fang C, Peng F. Roseomonas arctica sp. nov., isolated from arctic glacial foreland soil. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 2016 Mar 1;66(3):1218-23.
  7. Kim SJ, Weon HY, Ahn JH, Hong SB, Seok SJ, Whang KS, Kwon SW. Roseomonas aerophila sp. nov., isolated from air. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 2013 Jun 1;63(6):2334-7.
  8. Zhang YQ, Yu LY, Wang D, Liu HY, Sun CH, Jiang W, Zhang YQ, Li WJ. Roseomonas vinacea sp. nov., a Gram-negative coccobacillus isolated from a soil sample. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 2008 Sep 1;58(9):2070-4.
  9. Yoo SH, Weon HY, Noh HJ, Hong SB, Lee CM, Kim BY, Kwon SW, Go SJ. Roseomonas aerilata sp. nov., isolated from an air sample. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 2008 Jun 1;58(6):1482-5.
  10. Sanchez-Porro C, Gallego V, Busse HJ, Kämpfer P, Ventosa A. Transfer of Teichococcus ludipueritiae and Muricoccus roseus to the genus Roseomonas, as Roseomonas ludipueritiae comb. nov. and Roseomonas rosea comb. nov., respectively, and emended description of the genus Roseomonas. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 2009 May 1;59(5):1193-8.
  11. Helsel LO, Hollis DG, Steigerwalt AG, Levett PN. Reclassification of Roseomonas fauriae Rihs et al. 1998 as a later heterotypic synonym of Azospirillum brasilense Tarrand et al. 1979. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 2006 Dec 1;56(12):2753-5.
  12. Rihs JD, Brenner DJ, Weaver RE, Steigerwalt AG, Hollis DG, Yu VL. Roseomonas, a new genus associated with bacteremia and other human infections. Journal of clinical microbiology. 1993 Dec 1;31(12):3275-83.

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