Rosenberg self-esteem scale explained

The Rosenberg self-esteem scale (RSES), developed by the sociologist Morris Rosenberg,^[1] is a self-esteem measure widely used in social science research. It uses a scale of 0–30, where a score less than 15 may indicate problematic low self-esteem.^[2] Although the instrument was developed for use with adolescents, it has been widely used in research on adults.^{[3] [4]}

The RSES is designed similar to the social-survey questionnaires. Five of the items have positively worded statements and five have negatively worded ones. The scale measures global self-worth by measuring both positive and negative feelings about the self. The original sample for which the scale was developed consisted of 5,024 high-school juniors and seniors from 10 randomly selected schools in New York State. The Rosenberg self-esteem scale is considered a reliable and valid quantitative tool for self-esteem assessment.^[5]

The RSES has been translated and adapted to various languages, such as Persian,^[6] French,^[7] Chinese,^[8] Italian,^[9] German,^[10] Portuguese,^[11] and Spanish.^[12] The scale is extensively used in cross-cultural studies in up to 53 different nations.^[13]

See also

• Psychological testing

External links

• Online Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale

Notes and References

1. Rosenberg, M. (1965). Society and the adolescent self-image. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. online pdf here: https://www.docdroid.net/Vt9xpBg/society-and-the-adolescent-self-image-morris-rosenberg-1965.pdf
2. Web site: Rosenberg self-esteem scale. callhelpline.org.uk, by The Betsi Cadwaladr University Health Board. January 31, 2017.
3. Spector, P.E., & Jex, S.M. (1995). Development of four self-report measures of job stressors and strain: Interpersonal Conflict at Work Scale, Organizational Constraints Scale, Quantitative Workload Inventory, and Physical Symptoms Inventory. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology,3(4), 356-367. doi:10.1037//1076-8998.3.4.356
4. Low, C. A., Matthews, K. A., Kuller, L. H., & Edmundowicz, D. (2011). Psychosocial predictors of coronary artery calcification progression in postmenopausal women. Psychosomatic Medicine, 73(9), 789–794. doi:10.1097/PSY.0b013e318236b68a
5. Donnellan, M. B., Trzesniewski, K. H., & Robins, R. W. (2015). Measuring self-esteem. In G. J. Boyle, D. H. Saklofske, & G. Matthews (Eds.). Measures of Personality and Social Psychological Constructs (pp. 131-157). San Diego, CA: Elsevier.
6. Shapurian, R., Hojat, M., & Nayerahmadi, H. (1987). Psychometric characteristics and dimensionality of a Persian version of the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 65, 27–34.
7. Vallieres, E.F., & Vallerand, R.J. (1990). Traduction et validation Canadienne-Française de l’Echelle de l’Estime de soi de Rosenberg. International Journal of Psychology, 25, 305–316. (in French)
8. Cheng, S.T., & Hamid, P.N. (1995). An error in the use of translated scales: The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale for Chinese. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 81, 431–434.
9. Prezza, M., Trombaccia, F.R., & Armento, L. (1997). La scala dell´autostima di Rosenberg: traduzione e validazione italiana. Bollettino di Psicologia Applicata, 223, 35–44
10. von Collani, G., & Herzberg, P. Y. (2003). Eine revidierte Fassung der deutschsprachigen Skala zum Selbstwertgefühl von Rosenberg. Zeitschrift für Differentielle und Diagnostische Psychology, 24, 3–7.
11. Santos, P.J., & Maia, J. (2003). Análise factorial confirmatória e validaçao preliminar de uma versao portuguesa da escala de auto-estima de Rosenberg. Psicologia: Teoria, Investigaçao e Prática, 2, 253–268.
12. José Martín-Albo, Juan L. Núñez, José G. Navarro, & Fernando Grijalvo (2007) The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale: Translation and Validation in University Students. The Spanish Journal of Psychology Vol. 10, No. 2, 458–467
13. Schmitt, D.P., & Allik, J. (2005). Simultaneous administration of the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale in 53 nations: Exploring the universal and culture-specific features of global self esteem. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 89, 623–642.