| Jr/Sr: | United States Senator |
| State: | Ohio |
| Term Start: | November 5, 1929 |
| Term End: | November 30, 1930 |
| Appointer: | Myers Y. Cooper |
| Predecessor: | Theodore E. Burton |
| Successor: | Robert J. Bulkley |
| State2: | Ohio |
| District2: | 16th |
| Term Start2: | March 4, 1915 |
| Term End2: | March 3, 1921 |
| Preceded2: | William B. Francis |
| Succeeded2: | Joseph H. Himes |
| Birth Name: | Roscoe Conkling McCulloch |
| Birth Date: | 27 November 1880 |
| Birth Place: | Millersburg, Ohio |
| Death Place: | West Palm Beach, Florida |
| Party: | Republican |
Roscoe Conkling McCulloch (November 27, 1880March 17, 1958) was a Republican politician from Ohio who served in the United States House of Representatives and U.S. Senate.
Born in Millersburg, Ohio, McCulloch attended the University of Wooster, Ohio State University and Case Western Reserve University School of Law. He commenced the practice of law in Canton, Ohio, in 1903.
After serving as an assistant prosecutor in Stark County, he ran for the House in 1912. He lost, but won a second bid two years later and served three terms from 1915 to 1921. In 1920, he unsuccessfully sought the Republican nomination for governor.
He was appointed to the U.S. Senate on November 5, 1929, to fill the vacancy created by the death of Theodore E. Burton. He lost a special election on November 30, 1930, to Robert J. Bulkley to fill out the remainder of the term.
He died on March 17, 1958, in West Palm Beach, Florida, at the age of 77.