Romanian diaspora explained

The Romanian diaspora is the ethnically Romanian population outside Romania and Moldova. The concept does not usually include the ethnic Romanians who live as natives in nearby states, chiefly those Romanians who live in Ukraine, Hungary, Serbia, and Bulgaria. Therefore, the number of all Romanians abroad is estimated at 4–12 million people, depending on one's definition of the term "Romanian" as well as the inclusion respectively exclusion of ethnic Romanians living in nearby countries where they are indigenous. The definition of "who is a Romanian?" may range from rigorous conservative estimates based on self-identification and official statistics to estimates that include people of Romanian ancestry born in their respective countries as well as people born to various ethnic-minorities from Romania. As of 2015/16, over 97% of Romanian emigrants resided in OECD countries; and about 90% of Romanian emigrants in OECD countries lived in Europe, with the most common country of residence being Italy.[1] The vast majority of Romanian emigrants are based in just ten countries, with the most common countries being Italy, Germany, Spain, United Kingdom, United States, Hungary, France and Canada.[1]

Over one million Romanians live in Italy. Large Romanian populations exist in Spain, the UK and Germany, with the latter including many Germans of Romania.

After the Romanian Revolution of 1989, emigration was liberalized and during the 1990s the main destination countries for Romanian emigrants were Germany, Hungary, Israel, the United States and Canada.[1] After further liberalization in 1999, 2002 and especially after Romania entered the European Union in 2007, Italy, Spain, the UK and other EU countries became major destinations.[1] [2]

Size of the Romanian diaspora

In 2006, the Romanian diaspora was estimated at 8 million people by then President of Romania, Traian Băsescu, most of them living in the former USSR, Western Europe (esp. Italy, Spain, Germany, United Kingdom, France, and Austria), North America (Canada and the United States), South America, and Australia.[3] Nonetheless, it is unclear if Băsescu included the indigenous Romanians living in the immediate surroundings of the Romanian state, which are those in Moldova, Bulgaria, Hungary, Serbia and Ukraine.

In December 2013, Cristian David, the government minister for the Department for Romanians Everywhere, declared that a new reality illustrates that between 6–8 million Romanians live outside Romania's borders. This includes 2–3 million indigenous Romanians living in neighbouring states such as Ukraine, Hungary, Serbia, Bulgaria, the Balkans and especially the Republic of Moldova. The number also includes circa 2.7–3.5 million Romanians in Western Europe.[4]

Furthermore, the Romanian diaspora emerged as a powerful political force in elections since 2009.[5] [6] For the 2014 presidential election, voting in the diaspora was poorly organized and resulted in protests in several major European cities. The diaspora vote played a key role in the final result.[6] 5 years later, in the 2019 presidential election, then center-right candidate and incumbent President Klaus Iohannis was once again overwhelmingly voted by the Romanian diaspora from all over the world.

Below is a list of self-declared ethnic Romanians in the countries where they live, excluding those who live in Romania and Moldova but including those who live in Ukraine, Serbia, Hungary, and Bulgaria.

The numbers are based on official statistical data in the respective states where such Romanians reside or – wherever such data is unavailable – based on official estimates made by the Romanian department for Romanians abroad (figures for Spain, Italy, Germany, the United Kingdom, France, Sweden, Portugal, and Turkey are for Romanian citizens, and may include individuals of any ethnicity).

Ethnic Romanians are primarily present in Europe and North America. However, there are ethnic Romanians in Turkey, both in the Asian and European parts of the country, descendants of Wallachian settlers invited by the Ottoman Empire from the early fourteenth to the late nineteenth centuries. Furthermore, there are about 2,000 Romanian immigrants in Japan since the late twentieth century.[7]

Distribution by country

Country Year Population Origin, notes
2022 1,083,771[8] Foreigners and Immigrants Resident foreigners on 1st January - Citizenship Italy, regions, provinces – country of citizenship". After a few seconds, data will appear on the right-hand side table. Find column "Romania", row "2021 total". Citizens
2022 1,079,726 (including naturalized)[9]
627,478 (Romanian citizens)[10] 539,418 (residents of Spain who were born in Romania as of 2022)[11] 		Immigrants and Romanian citizens of all ethnic groups. The first number includes all Romanians in Spain, thus taking into account second and third generation Romanians or nationalized ones that count as Spanish in the census. The second number takes into account just Romanian citizens. The third number represents Romanian born residents in Spain.
2022 883,670[12] Citizens
2021 539,000 people in England and Wales were born in Romania in 2021;[13] additional Romanians in Scotland and Northern Ireland; there are also naturalized second and third generation Romanians in the UKImmigrants (additional 18,000 Moldovans)
2010 447,293[14] (ancestry)165,199 (born in Romania)Immigrants
Canada2021 215,885[15] According to the 2021 Census, there were 215,885 Canadian residents declaring themselves of Romanian origin;[16] Romanian language was the mother tongue of 93,160 of Canadian residents.[17] There were 86,770 Canadian residents who were born in Romania.[18]
2001 150,989[19]
2019 133,000[20] Immigrants
2021 132,000[21] Immigrants, of whom 36,000 live in Vienna[22]
2020 105,358[23] Immigrants
2020 86,200[24] Immigrants (mostly Romanian Jews)
2022 48,563[25] Immigrants
2020 44,600 [26] Immigrants . There are also 209,000 Aromanians[27] and 3,000 Megleno-Romanians[28] in Greece; however, they are not considered an ethnic but a linguistic/cultural minority.
2022 43,312[29] Immigrants
2022 42,460[30] Immigrants
2023 36,738[31] Immigrants
2011 30,924[32] Indigenous and immigrants
2022 27,299[33] Immigrants
2011 24,376[34] Immigrants
2023 23,393[35] There are 23,393 Romanian citizens in Portugal as of 2023.[36] According to Eurostat as many as 7,000 Romanians have acquired Portuguese citizenship since 2008, thus are excluded from the number of Romanian nationals in Portugal.[37] [38]
2022 23,044[39]
2022 18,877[40] Immigrants and Norwegian-born to immigrant parents
2021 15,268 (by birth)28,103 (by ancestry)According to ABS (2021 census) figures, there are 15,268 people in Australia who were born in Romania[41] and 28,103 people with Romanian ancestry in Australia.[42]
2018 14,684[43] Immigrants
2009 14,666[44] Displaced and deported during World War II
14,000[45] Immigrants
10,000[46] Immigrants
2017 8,474[47] Immigrants
7,393[48] Immigrants and Brazilians with Romanian ancestry
6,444[49] Immigrants
2021 5,628[50] Immigrants
2019 5,209[51] Immigrants
4,000 Immigrants
2010 3,201[52] Immigrants/displaced during World War II
3,000 Immigrants
2022 2,505[53] Immigrants
2,000 Immigrants
20181,485[54] Immigrants
1,320 Immigrants
2016 1,262[55] Immigrants
1,000 Immigrants
1,000 Immigrants
2011 891[56] Indigenous to Vidin Province and parts of northern Bulgaria
850 Immigrants
696 Immigrants
634 Immigrants
600 Immigrants
485 Immigrants
420 Immigrants
400 Immigrants
400 Immigrants
398 Immigrants
382 Immigrants
350 Immigrants
2018 283[57] Immigrants
250 Immigrants
2019 209[58] Immigrants
200 Immigrants
174 Immigrants
155 Immigrants
2020 150 Immigrants
106 Immigrants
100 Immigrants
100 Immigrants
100 Immigrants
2011 77[59] Immigrants
75 Immigrants
2011 63[60] Immigrants
30 Immigrants
15 Immigrants
There live up to 300,000 indigenous Aromanians, but Albanian authorities do not recognize them as Romanian minority.[61]
Total 4,321,496 The estimate is the sum of the countrywide estimates listed. To this are added 1,618,650 people belonging to ethnic groups Romanian authorities claim to be part of the Romanian population (e.g., Moldovans, Aromanians, Megleno-Romanians, Istro-Romanians). The total estimate is roughly 5.9 million.

See also

External links

1. Păstrarea identității culturale românești în diaspora: un ghid practic

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Home . 2024-03-14 . www.oecd-ilibrary.org . en.
  2. Web site: De aproape 20 de ani românii pot circula fără viză în UE. În consecinţă, milioane de români au plecat să lucreze în străinătate . 2024-03-14 . Mediafax.ro . ro.
  3. Web site: Președintele României. presidency.ro.
  4. http://www.ziuaveche.ro/actualitate-interna/social/david-in-afara-grani%C8%9Belor-traiesc-intre-%C8%99ase-%C8%99i-opt-milioane-de-romani-201479.html 6-8 Million Romanians Live outside Romania's Borders
  5. Web site: REZULTATE ALEGERI 2014 [Results of 2014 election] ]. 16 November 2014 . 21 November 2014.
  6. News: Romania election surprise as Klaus Iohannis wins presidency . BBC News . 17 November 2014 . 21 November 2014.
  7. Web site: Departamentul Românilor de Pretutindeni. https://archive.today/20120805153801/http://www.dprp.gov.ro/extremul-orient/. dead. 5 August 2012.
  8. Web site: Resident foreigners on 1st January - Citizenship. I.Stat (Italian National Institute of Statistics). 2022-02-01.
    • Access instruction: On the sidebar "Data by theme", select by click "Population and Households
  9. Web site: Estadística de residentes extranjeros en España . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20210401135234/https://extranjeros.inclusion.gob.es/ficheros/estadisticas/operaciones/con-certificado/202012/Principales_resultados_residentes.pdf . 2021-04-01 . 2022-03-10 . . 4 . es.
  10. Web site: Población extranjera por Nacionalidad, comunidades, Sexo y Año. Datos provisionales 2020.. INE.
  11. Web site: Población (Españoles/Extranjeros) por País de Nacimiento, sexo y año .
  12. Web site: Ausländische Bevölkerung nach Altersgruppen und ausgewählten Staatsangehörigkeiten . 2024-03-14 . Statistisches Bundesamt . de.
  13. Web site: International migration, England and Wales – Office for National Statistics .
  14. Web site: People Reporting Ancestry . American FactFinder . United States Census Bureau . 4 April 2017 . https://archive.today/20200214011134/https://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_10_1YR_B04006&prodType=table . 14 February 2020 . dead .
  15. Web site: Profile table, Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population – Canada [Country] . 9 February 2022 .
  16. Web site: Profile table, Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population – Canada [Country] . 9 February 2022 .
  17. Web site: Profile table, Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population – Canada [Country] . 9 February 2022 .
  18. Web site: Profile table, Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population – Canada [Country] . 9 February 2022 .
  19. Web site: National composition of population . All-Ukrainian population census 2001 . State Statistics Committee of Ukraine.
  20. Web site: Immigrés par pays de naissance détaillé − Étrangers et immigrés en 2019 | Insee .
  21. Web site: Bevölkerung nach Staatsangehörigkeit und Geburtsland. Population by nationality and country of birth. 2021-11-22. Statistics Austria. https://web.archive.org/web/20211112052218/http://www.statistik.at/web_de/statistiken/menschen_und_gesellschaft/bevoelkerung/bevoelkerungsstruktur/bevoelkerung_nach_staatsangehoerigkeit_geburtsland/index.html. 2021-11-12. live. Tabelle – Bevölkerung zu Jahresbeginn 2002-2021 nach detaillierter Staatsangehörigkeit (xlsx). de.
    • direct link to the data file: Web site: Bevölkerung zu Jahresbeginn 2002-2021 nach detaillierter Staatsangehörigkeit. Population at the beginning of 2002-2021 by detailed nationality. 2021-05-10. 2021-11-22. https://web.archive.org/web/20211019103329/http://www.statistik.at/wcm/idc/idcplg?IdcService=GET_NATIVE_FILE&RevisionSelectionMethod=LatestReleased&dDocName=071715. 2021-10-19. live. Statistics Austria. Tab "Tabelle" Row 32. de. XLSX.
  22. Web site: Menschen in Wien . Statistiches Jahrbuch der stadt Wien – 2017 . de . 26 March 2018 . 31 August 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210831064016/https://www.wien.gv.at/statistik/pdf/menschen2017.pdf . dead .
  23. Web site: Belgium: foreign population, by origin 2019. Statista.
  24. Web site: Despre comunitatea originarilor din România . CBS, Statistical Abstract of Israel 2014.
  25. Web site: CBS Statline .
  26. https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/migr_pop1ctz__custom_9061190/default/table?lang=en
  27. Web site: Aromanian in Greece . Joshua Project.
  28. Web site: Meglenite, Vlasi in Greece . Joshua Project.
  29. Web site: Population at the first day of the quarter by region, sex, age (5 years age groups), ancestry and country of origin . statistikbanken.dk . 29 January 2023.
  30. https://data.cso.ie/
  31. Web site: Population by country of birth, age and sex. Year 2000 - 2023 .
  32. Book: http://www.ksh.hu/docs/hun/xftp/idoszaki/nepsz2011/nepsz_orsz_2011.pdf . 3. Országos adatok . 2011. évi népszámlálás . Központi Statisztikai Hivatal . Budapest . 2013 . 978-963-235-417-0. hu.
  33. Web site: Statistiques sur l'immigration .
  34. Web site: Preliminary Results of the Census of Population, 2011 . Statistical Service of the Republic of Cyprus . 29 December 2011.
  35. https://www.sef.pt/pt/Documents/RIFA2022%20vF2a.pdf
  36. https://www.sef.pt/pt/Documents/RIFA2022%20vF2a.pdf
  37. Web site: Estrangeiros em Portugal .
  38. Web site: Acquisition of citizenship statistics . 2023-07-22 . ec.europa.eu . en.
  39. Web site: Становништво према националној припадности. Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia. 9 May 2023. sr.
  40. Web site: Immigrants and Norwegian-born to immigrant parents, 1 January 2022. Statistics Norway. no.
  41. Web site: 2021 People in Australia who were born in Romania, Census Country of birth QuickStats | Australian Bureau of Statistics .
  42. https://www.abs.gov.au/census/find-census-data/quickstats/2021/3211_AUS Population by ancestry (Australia)
  43. Web site: Foreigners in the Czechia by citizenship . CZSO . Madalin Danciu . 31 December 2018. en.
  44. Web site: Socio-economic development of the Republic of Kazakhstan . stat.gov.kz.
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  51. Web site: Population by nationalities in detail 2011 – 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160910101902/http://www.statistiques.public.lu/stat/TableViewer/tableView.aspx?ReportId=12859&IF_Language=eng&MainTheme=2&FldrName=1 . dead . 10 September 2016 . Statistiques // Luxembourg .
  52. Web site: http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/new_site/perepis2010/croc/perepis_itogi1612.htm . ru:Том 1. Численность и размещение населения . ВПН-2010 . ru . 4 April 2017 . 15 March 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20130315114013/http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/new_site/perepis2010/croc/perepis_itogi1612.htm . dead .
  53. Web site: Mannfjöldi eftir bakgrunni, kyni og aldri 1996-2023 .
  54. Web site: 2018 Census ethnic group summaries Stats NZ . 2023-01-06 . stats.govt.nz.
  55. Web site: Updated: Filipinos, Serbs top list of third country nationals working in Malta – the Malta Independent .
  56. Web site: Население по етническа група и майчин език . National Statistical Institute . bg . 4 April 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20151219105400/http://censusresults.nsi.bg/Census/Reports/2/2/R9.aspx . 19 December 2015 . dead .
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  58. Web site: Cifrele DIASPOREI! Câți români trăiesc în străinătate și despre care statul a auzit. DOCUMENT. 31 October 2019 .
  59. Web site: Comunitatea românească din Lituania și Letonia . Romanian Embassy in Lithuania. ro.
  60. Web site: TSG11-04. Latvijas pastāvīgie iedzīvotāji pēc dzimšanas valsts, dzimuma un pa vecuma grupām 2011.gada 1.martā . Centrālās statistikas pārvaldes datubāzes . lv . 4 April 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170903204405/http://data.csb.gov.lv/pxweb/lv/tautassk_11/tautassk_11__tsk2011/TSG11-04.px/?rxid=aa95bcb9-93cd-479f-89ca-42ba0aeaf0f0 . 3 September 2017 . dead .
  61. Web site: Dan Stoenescu a mers de Crăciun la românii/aromânii din Albania. 300.000 de români pe care Albania nu-i recunoaște ca minoritate românească și nu le dă drepturi! Ce a cerut România? . Romanian Global News . 28 December 2015 . ro . 4 April 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170404220546/http://www.rgnpress.ro/rgn_14/categorii/politic/20250-dan-stoenescu-a-mers-de-crciun-la-romaniiaromanii-din-albania-300000-de-romani-pe-care-albania-nu-i-recunoate-ca-minoritate-romaneasc-i-nu-le-d-drepturi-ce-a-cerut-romania.html?jjj=1491312171895 . 4 April 2017 . dead .

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