Romania were represented by 33 athletes at the 2010 European Athletics Championships held in Barcelona, Spain.
| Event | Men | Women | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 100 m | Andreea Ogrăzeanu | ||
| 200 m | Andreea Ogrăzeanu | ||
| 400 m | Cătălin Cîmpeanu | ||
| 800 m | Cristian Vorovenci | ||
| 1500 m | Liliana Barbulescu | ||
| 5000 m | Roxana Bârca | ||
| 10,000 m | Marius Ionescu | ||
| Marathon | Lidia Șimon Daniela Cârlan | ||
| 110/100 m hurdles | Alexandru Mihailescu | ||
| 400 m hurdles | Nagy Attila Csongr | Angela Moroșanu | |
| 3000 m steeplechase | Ancuța Bobocel | ||
| High jump | Mihai Donisan | Georgiana Zarcan | |
| Long jump | Cornelia Deiac Viorica Țigău | ||
| Triple jump | Marian Oprea | Adelina Gavrilă Carmen Toma Alina Popescu | |
| Discus throw | Mihai Grasu Sergiu Ursu | Nicoleta Grasu | |
| Hammer throw | Bianca Perie | ||
| Javelin throw | Maria Negoita Felicia Țilea-Moldovan | ||
| 20 km walk | Silviu Casandra | ||
| 4 × 400 m relay | Cătălin Cîmpeanu Nagy Attila Csongr Adrian Dragan Iulian Geambazu | Angela Moroșanu Mirela Lavric Adelina Pastor Bianca Răzor Anamaria Ioniță |