List of Roman client rulers explained

This is a list of the client rulers of Ancient Rome, sectioned by the kingdom, giving the years the ruler was on the throne, and separating Kings and Queens.

Rome's foreign clients were called amici populi Romani (friends of the Roman people) and listed on the tabula amicorum (table of friends). They did not sign treaties or have formal obligations, but entered into alliance (societas) and friendship (amicitia) with Rome, generally in a dependent state.^[1]

Client Kings

Pharos

• Demetrius of Pharos c.222- 219 BC.^[2]

• Aristarchus of Colchis 63-50 BC

Bosporan Kingdom

• Pharnaces 64 BC – 47 BC
• Mithridates I 47 BC – 44 BC
• Asander 47 BC, then 44 BC – 17 BC
• Scribonius 17 BC – 16 BC
• Dynamis with Asander 47 BC, then 44 BC – 17 BC, then with Polemon from 16 BC until her death in 14 BC
• Polemon I 16 BC – 8 BC
• Aspurgus 8 BC – 38 AD^[3]
• Rhescuporis I 14 – 42 AD
• Polemon II 38 – 41 AD
• Mithridates II 42 – 46 AD
• Cotys I 46 – 78
  • Roman Province 63 – 68
• Rhescuporis II 78 – 93
• Sauromates I 93 – 123
• Cotys II 123 – 131
• Rhoemetalces 131 – 153
• Eupator 154 – 170
• Sauromates II 172 – 210
• Rhescuporis III 211 – 228
• Cotys III 228 – 234
• Sauromates III 229 – 232
• Rhescuporis IV 233 – 234
• Chedosbios 233 – 234 (?)
• Ininthimeus 234 – 239
• Rhescuporis V 240 – 276
• Pharsanzes 253 – 254
• Teiranes 276 – 278
• Sauromates IV 276
• Theothorses 279 – 309
• Rhadamsades 309 – 322
• Rhescuporis VI 314 – 341

Odrysian Kingdom/Sapaeans

• Cotys III (Sapaean) And Rhescuporis II -18 AD
• Rhoemetalces II -36 AD
• Rhoemetalces III -46 AD

Kingdom of Pontus

• Pharnaces II of Pontus
• Darius of Pontus
• Arsaces of Pontus
• Polemon I of Pontus
• Polemon II of Pontus

Kingdom of Emesa

• Sampsiceramus I 63-48 BC
• Iamblichus (phylarch) 48-31BC
• Iamblichus II 20 BC- 14 AD
• Sampsiceramus II 14-42 AD
• Gaius Julius Azizus 42-54 AD
• Sohaemus of Emesa 54-73 AD
• Gaius Julius Alexion 73-78 AD

Kingdom of Judea

• Herod the Great 37-4 BC^{[4] [5] [6]}
• Herod Archelaus (in Judea) 4BC-6 AD
• Philip the Tetrarch (in Batanea) 4BC- 34 AD
• Herod Antipas (in Galilee) 4BC- 39 AD
• Herod Agrippa 37AD-44AD
• Herod Agrippa II 53–100AD

Kingdom of Mauretania

• Ptolemy of Mauretania

Kingdom of Numidia

• Juba II^[7]

Kingdom of Chalcis

• Herod of Chalcis 41-48 AD
• Herod Agrippa II 48-53 AD
• Aristobulus of Chalcis 53-???

Kingdom of Armenia

• Artaxias II 33-20 BC
• Tigranes III 20-10 BC
• Tigranes IV 10-5 BC
• Ariobarzanes II of Atropatene 2 BC- 4 AD
• Artavasdes III of Armenia 4-6 AD
• Tigranes V of Armenia 6-12 AD
• Artaxias III 18-35 AD
• Arsaces I of Armenia 35 AD
• Orodes of Armenia 35 AD
• Mithridates of Armenia 35-37 AD
• Orodes of Armenia 37-42 AD
• Mithridates of Armenia 42-51 AD
• Tiridates I of Armenia 52–58 AD
• Tigranes VI of Armenia ???-???
• Axidares of Armenia 110-113 AD
• Parthamasiris of Armenia 113-114 AD
• Vologases III of Parthia 117-144 AD
• Sohaemus of Armenia 144-161 AD
• Bakur 161-164 AD
• Sohaemus of Armenia 164-186 AD
• Khosrov I of Armenia 198-217 AD
• Tiridates II of Armenia 217-252 AD
• Khosrov III the Small 330-339 AD
• Tiran of Armenia 339-350 AD
• Arshak II 350-368 AD
• Pap of Armenia 370-374 AD
• Varazdat 374-378 AD
• Arshak III and Vologases of Armenia 378-386
• Arshak III 387 AD

Kingdom of Cilicia

• Tarcondimotus Philantonois 60s-31 BC
• Philopator I 31-30 BC
• Philopator II 20 BC-17 AD
• Archelaus of Cilicia 17-38 AD
• Antiochus IV of Commagene 38-c. 72 AD
• Gaius Julius Alexander 58-72 AD

• Antiochus I of Commagene 70-31 BC
• Mithridates II of Commagene 31-20 BC
• Mithridates III of Commagene 20-12 BC
• Antiochus III of Commagene 12 BC- 17 AD
• Antiochus IV of Commagene 38-72 AD

Kingdom of Cappadocia

• Ariobarzanes III of Cappadocia 51-42 BC
• Ariarathes X of Cappadocia 42-36 BC
• Archelaus of Cappadocia 36 BC- 14 AD^[8]

• Deiotarus 62-40 BC
• Brogitarus 58-50 BC
• Amyntas of Galatia 36-25 BC

Parthia

• Parthamaspates of Parthia 116-??? AD

British Tribes

Regni

Tiberius Claudius Cogidubnus 43-80 AD

Trinovantes

Cunobeline 9-35 AD

Client Queens

This is a list of the client queens of ancient Rome, sectioned by the kingdom, and giving the years the queen was on the throne.

Bosporan Kingdom

• Gepaepyris
• Dynamis

Kingdom of Pontus

• Pythodorida of Pontus

Odrysian Kingdom

• Pythodoris II
• Antonia Tryphaena

Kingdom of Judea

• Salome I (in Jabneh) 4BC-10 AD
• Mariamne I
• Berenice (daughter of Herod Agrippa)

British Tribes

Brigantes

• Cartimandua 43-69 AD

See also

• Roman client kingdoms in Britain
• Ethnarchy of Comana
• Client kingdoms in ancient Rome

Notes and References

1. Howard Hayes Scullard and Andrew William Lintott, "Amicitia", in The Oxford Classical Dictionary, 4th ed. (Oxford University Press, 2012).
2. Hammond, p. 257.
3. Book: Mitchiner, Michael . The Ancient & Classical World, 600 B.C.-A.D. 650 . 1978 . Hawkins Publications . 978-0-904173-16-1 . 69 . en.
4. Book: Thomas C. . McGonigle . Thomas D. . McGonigle . James F. . Quigley . A History of the Christian Tradition: From its Jewish Origins to the Reformation Volume 1 of A History of the Christian Tradition . Paulist Press . 1988.
5. Book: Peters, Francis E. . The Monotheists: Jews, Christians, and Muslims in Conflict and Competition, Volume II: The Words and Will of God The Words And Will of God. Princeton University Press. 2005.
6. Book: Aryeh . Kasher . Eliezer . Witztum . Translation by Karen Gold . King Herod: a persecuted persecutor : a case study in psychohistory and psychobiography . Walter de Gruyter . 2007.
7. Roller, Duane W. (2003) The World of Juba II and Kleopatra Selene Routledge (UK) p. 74
8. http://www.ancientlibrary.com/smith-bio/0272.html Ancient Library, Archelaus no.3&4