The Diocese of Halberstadt was a Roman Catholic diocese (German: Bistum Halberstadt) from 804 until 1648.[1] [2] From 1180, the bishops or administrators of Halberstadt ruled a state within the Holy Roman Empire, the prince-bishopric of Halberstadt (German Hochstift Halberstadt). The diocesan seat and secular capital was Halberstadt in present-day Saxony-Anhalt.
In the aftermath of the Saxon Wars, Emperor Charlemagne in 804 established a missionary diocese at Osterwieck (then called Seligenstadt) in Eastphalia, in the course of the Christianisation of the pagan Saxons and Polabian Slavs. Under its (supposed) first bishop Hildegrim of Châlons the capital was moved to Halberstadt, confirmed by Charles' son Louis the Pious in an 814 deed. The bishopric's boundaries originally reached the Elbe and Saale rivers in the east, nevertheless, when Emperor Otto I founded the Archbishopric of Magdeburg in 968, Halberstadt lost the eastern half of its district to it. Halberstadt diocese was a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Mainz.
The Halberstadt bishops rivalled with Magdeburg to gain political influence in the days of the Ottonian and Salian dynasty. Under the rule of Emperor Henry III they were vested with further territorial rights and in 1062 Bishop Burchard II was sent to Rome as an Imperial mediator in the conflict between Pope Alexander II and Antipope Honorius II. However the former favourite of Dowager Empress Agnes of Poitou and her son Henry IV in 1073 allied with Pope Gregory VII in the Investiture Controversy and became one of the leading figures of the Great Saxon Revolt.
The history of the diocese down to 1208 is found in the Gesta episcoporum Halberstadensium.
| Native Name: | Hochstift Halberstadt |
| Conventional Long Name: | Prince-Bishopric of Halberstadt |
| Common Name: | Halberstadt |
| Common Languages: | Eastphalian |
| Era: | Middle Ages |
| Status: | Prince-Bishopric |
| Empire: | Holy Roman Empire |
| Government Type: | elective theocratic monarchy, bishops elected by the chapter, confirmed by the pope and invested as prince by the emperor |
| Year Start: | 1180 |
| Year End: | 1648 |
| Event Pre: | Diocese founded |
| Date Pre: | 804 |
| Event Start: | Prince-Bishopric |
| Event1: | Joined Lower Saxon Circle |
| Date Event1: | 1500 |
| Event2: | Albert of Brandenburg |
| Date Event2: | 1513 |
| Event End: | Secularised to Principality of Halberstadt |
| Event Post: | To Province of Saxony |
| Date Post: | 1816 |
| P1: | Duchy of Saxony |
| S1: | Principality of Halberstadt |
| Image Map Caption: | Prince-Bishoprics of Hildesheim, Halberstadt and Magdeburg (violet), about 1250 |
| Capital: | Halberstadt |
After the deposition of the Saxon duke Henry the Lion the episcopal and capitular temporalities forming the Stift of Halberstadt evolved to an Imperial State, the prince-bishopric. The political entity of the prince-bishopric only comprised parts of the ecclesiastical entity of the diocese, which also included neighbouring political entities of other rulers.
On the death of Henry VI in 1197, the prince-bishopric supported the unsuccessful claim of Philip of Swabia against Otto of Brunswick to be Holy Roman Emperor. When Pope Innocent III disagreed, Prince-Bishop Conrad of Halberstadt (Conrad of Krosigk before his elevation) was excommunicated. To evade the penalties of excommunication, Conrad joined the catastrophic Fourth Crusade. Taking full part in the diversion of the Crusade from its mission and the atrocious subsequent sack of Constantinople, Conrad enriched the Prince-Bishopric with many relics and other booty personally looted from the churches, convents, and monasteries of the Roman Imperial capital.[3] In 1315 the prince-bishop acquired the former Principality of Aschersleben for the prince-bishopric.
In 1479 the Saxon prince-elector Ernest of Wettin pushed the election of his 13-year-old son Ernest II, Archbishop of Magdeburg since 1476, as administrator in place of the resigned Prince-Bishop Gebhard von Hoym. In 1513 Albert of Hohenzollern, younger brother of Elector Joachim I Nestor of Brandenburg, succeeded him and the Magdeburg archbishops from the House of Hohenzollern remained administrators, while in 1540 the Halberstadt territories became Lutheran during the Reformation. In 1566 two-year-old Henry Julius of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel became the first Lutheran administrator, after which Halberstadt's see was held by sons of the Princes of Wolfenbüttel, a line of the Welf Brunswick and Lunenburg ducal family, until in 1623 Henry Julius' son Christian, the "Mad Halberstadter", resigned during the Thirty Years' War. He was succeeded by Christian William of Brandenburg, son of Elector Joachim III Frederick of Brandenburg.
In political respect the prince-bishopric was secularised as the Principality of Halberstadt by the Peace of Westphalia of 1648, and finally given to the Hohenzollern rulers of Brandenburg-Prussia. After the 1815 Congress of Vienna, its territory was incorporated into the Prussian Province of Saxony.
In ecclesiastic respect the diocese, sede vacante since 1480, since represented by administrators only, who were even Protestants between 1552 and 1628, became defunct in 1648 too. So in 1669 the tiny remaining Catholic diaspora in the diocesan area of Halberstadt was put under the new jurisdiction of the Vicariate Apostolic of the Northern Missions. Between 1709 and 1780 the area of the former diocese of Halberstadt formed part of the Vicariate Apostolic of Upper and Lower Saxony, but afterwards returning to the Northern Missions. In 1821 the area of the former diocese of Halberstadt was merged into the Diocese of Paderborn, and forms part of the modern Diocese of Magdeburg since 1994.
After the foundation of the ancient Archbishopric of Magdeburg, the Diocese of Halberstadt covered the following Saxon Gau counties: Balsamgau, Derlingau, the western part of the Nordthüringgau, Harzgau, Schwabengau, and Hassegau. Thus, it stretched from the Oker river near Hornburg in the west, where it bordered on the Bishopric of Hildesheim, to the Saale in the east. The city of Brunswick, located on both sides of the Oker, was originally split between Halberstadt and Hildesheim until it passed to Duke Henry the Lion in 1142, who made it his residence.
| Name | From | To | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hildegrim of Châlons | 804 | 827 | |
| Thiatgrim | 827 | 840 | |
| Haymo | 840 | 853 | |
| Hildegrim II | 853 | 886 | |
| Agiulf | 886 | 894 | |
| Sigismund | 894 | 923 | |
| Bernard | 926 | 968 | |
| Hildeward | 968 | 996 | |
| Arnulf | 996 | 1023 | |
| Branthog | 1023 | 1036 | |
| Burchard I | 1036 | 1059 | |
| Burchard II | 1059 | 1088 | |
| Hamezo (antibishop) | 1085 | 1085 | |
| Dietmar | 1089 | 1089 | |
| Herrand | 1090 | 1102 | |
| Frederick I (antibishop) | 1090 | 1106 | |
| Reinhard of Blankenburg | 1107 | 1123 | |
| Otto von Kuditz | 1123 | 1135 | |
| Rudolf | 1136 | 1149 | |
| Ulrich | 1149 | 1160 | |
| Gero von Schowitz | 1160 | 1177 | |
| Ulrich | 1177 | 1181 | |
| Dietrich von Krosigk | 1181 | 1193 | |
| Gardolf von Harbke | 1193 | 1201 | |
| Konrad von Krosigk | 1201 | 1209 | |
| Frederick II of Kirchberg | 1209 | 1236 | |
| Ludolf von Schladen | 1236 | 1241 | |
| Meinard von Kranichfeld | 1241 | 1252 | |
| Ludolf II von Schladen (not acknowledged by the pope) | 1253 | 1255 | |
| Volrad von Kranichfeld | 1254 | 1295 | |
| Hermann von Blankenburg | 1296 | 1304 | |
| Albert I of Anhalt | 1304 | 1324 | |
| Albert II of Brunswick-Lüneburg, son of Duke Albert the Fat | 1324 | 1358 | |
| Giselbrecht von Holstein (antibishop) | 1324 | 1343 | |
| Albrecht von Mansfeld (antibishop) | 1346 | 1356 | |
| Louis of Meissen, son of Margrave Frederick II | 1357 | 1366 | |
| Albert III of Saxony | 1366 | 1390 | |
| Ernest I von Hohnstein | 1391 | 1399 | |
| Rudolf of Anhalt | 1401 | 1406 | |
| Heinrich von Warberg | 1407 | 1411 | |
| Albert IV, son of Konrad IV, Count of Wernigerode | 1411 | 1419 | |
| Johannes von Hoym | 1419 | 1437 | |
| Buchard von Warberg | 1437 | 1458 | |
| Gebhard von Hoym | 1458 | 1479 | |
| Administrated by the Archbishops of Magdeburg | |||
| Ernest II of Saxony | 1480 | 1513 | |
| Albert of Mainz | 1513 | 1545 | |
| Johann Albrecht of Brandenburg-Ansbach son of Margrave Frederick I | 1545 | 1550 | |
| Frederick III of Brandenburg, son of Elector Joachim II Hector | 1550 | 1552 | |
| Sigismund of Brandenburg, half-brother of Frederick III | 1552 | 1566 | |
| Protestant administrators | |||
| Henry Julius of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel | 1566 | 1613 | |
| Henry Charles of Brunswick | 1613 | 1615 | |
| Rudolf of Brunswick | 1615 | 1616 | |
| Christian of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel | 1616 | 1623 | |
| Christian William of Brandenburg, son of Elector Joachim Frederick | 1624 | 1628 | |
| Catholic administrator | |||
| Archduke Leopold Wilhelm of Austria (Catholic administrator due to lacking canonical qualification) | 1628 | 1648 |