Roman Catholic Diocese of Caiazzo explained

The Diocese of Caiazzo is a former Roman Catholic ecclesiastical territory in the province of Caserta, southern Italy, abolished in 1986, when it was united into the Diocese of Alife-Caiazzo.[1] It was a suffragan of the archdiocese of Capua.[2] [3]

History

According to legend, Christianity was introduced into Caiazzo by Priscus, one of the seventy-two disciples of Jesus, first Bishop of Capua. The story is universally rejected.[4] The first known bishop of Caiazzo was said to have been Arigisus, the exact time of whose episcopate is uncertain; however, as the name indicates, it could not have been before the beginning of the seventh century, when the Lombards settled in that region, since his name appears to be Lombard.[5] The first documentary evidence for the Church of Caiazzo comes in a privilege granted by the Archbishop John of Capua to Bishop Urso; Archbishop John was consecrated in 967.[6]

Cathedral and Chapter

The cathedral of Caiazzo was dedicated to the Virgin Mary and to Saint Stephen of Macerata, the eleventh century Bishop of Caiazzo.[7] The cathedral was consecrated on 23 July 1284, by Cardinal Gerardo Bianchi, Bishop of Sabina and papal Legate in Sicily.[8]

The cathedral was staffed and administered by a corporate body, the Chapter, composed of three dignities (the Archdeacon, and two Primicerii) and twenty Canons (two of whom are designated Theologus and Primicerius, in accordance with the decrees of the Council of Trent).[9] In 1696, there were twenty-two Canons.[10]

There was also a Collegiate Church, Santissima Annunziata, served by a college of eight chaplains.[11]

The diocesan seminary of Cajazzo was founded by Bishop Fabio Mirto Frangipani, who had been one of the secretaries of the Council of Trent. It had space for seventy resident students, from grade school through high school.[12]

Concordat of 1818

Following the extinction of the Napoleonic Kingdom of Italy, the Congress of Vienna authorized the restoration of the Papal States and the Kingdom of Naples. Since the French occupation had seen the abolition of many Church institutions in the Kingdom, as well as the confiscation of most Church property and resources, it was imperative that Pope Pius VII and King Ferdinand IV reach agreement on restoration and restitution. Ferdinand, however, was not prepared to accept the pre-Napoleonic situation, in which Naples was a feudal subject of the papacy.[13] Lengthy, detailed, and acrimonious negotiations ensued.

In 1818, a new concordat with the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies committed the pope to the suppression of more than fifty small dioceses in the kingdom. The ecclesiastical province of Naples was spared from any suppressions, but the province of Capua was affected. Pope Pius VII, in the bull "De Utiliori" of 27 June 1818, chose to unite the two dioceses of Calvi and Teano under the leadership of one bishop, aeque principaliter. He also suppressed the diocese of Venafro completely, and assigned its people and territory to the diocese of Isernia. Similarly, Carinola was suppressed and assigned to Suessa. Caiazzo was suppressed, and assigned to the diocese of Caserta.[14] The cathedral of Caiazzo was reduced to the status of a collegiate church.[15] In the same concordat, the King was confirmed in the right to nominate candidates for vacant bishoprics, subject to the approval of the pope. That situation persisted down until the final overthrow of the Bourbon monarchy in 1860.[16]

The diocese of Caiazzo was revived, however, and a new bishop was appointed on 15 March 1852.[17] Caserta lost the territory which it had gained in 1818.

Suppression of the diocese

On 18 February 1984, the Vatican and the Italian State signed a new and revised concordat, which was accompanied in the next year by enabling legislation. According to the agreement, the practice of having one bishop govern two separate dioceses at the same time, aeque personaliter, was abolished. Otherwise Caiazzo and Alise, who shared a bishop, might have become the diocese of Alise e Caiazzo. Instead, the Vatican continued consultations which had begun under Pope John XXIII for the merging of small dioceses, especially those with personnel and financial problems, into one combined diocese. On 30 September 1986, Pope John Paul II ordered that the dioceses of Caiazzo and Alise be merged into one diocese with one bishop, with the Latin title Dioecesis . The seat of the diocese was to be in Alise, and the cathedral of Alise was to serve as the cathedral of the merged diocese. The cathedral in Caiazzo was to become a co-cathedral, and the cathedral Chapter was to be a Capitulum Concathedralis. There was to be only one diocesan Tribunal, in Alise, and likewise one seminary, one College of Consultors, and one Priests' Council. The territory of the new diocese was to include the territory of the former dioceses of Caiazzo and Alise.[18]

Bishops of Caiazzo

Erected: 9th Century
Metropolitan: Archdiocese of Capua

to 1300

...

Andreas (1239) intruded[34]

1300 to 1800

Cardinal Oliviero Carafa (1506–1507) Administrator[51]

Cardinal Andrea della Valle (1517–1518) Administrator[53]

Cardinal Antonio Maria Ciocchi del Monte (1529) Administrator[58]

1800 to 1986

Sede vacante (1799–1818)[66]

From 1818 to 1852, the diocese was suppressed, and its territory became part of the diocese of Caserta.

Sede vacante (1963–1978)

Diocese of Alife-Caiazzo

United: 30 September 1986 with the Diocese of Alife
Latin Name: Aliphanus-Caiacensis o Caiatinus

Bibliography

Reference works

Studies

External links

Notes and References

  1. Acta Apostolicae Sedis Vol. 79 (Citta del Vaticano 1987), pp. 631-633.
  2. http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/dc202.html "Diocese of Caiazzo"
  3. http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/former/caia0.htm "Diocese of Caiazzo"
  4. D'Avino, p. 147, column 2. Cappelletti, Le chiese d'Italia XX, p. 262.
  5. Argisius is known only from a single mention in the episcopal diptychs of Caiazzo. Ughelli, p. 441. There is no documentary evidence for his existence.
  6. Kehr, p. 271. The reading of the name "Urso" is uncertain.
  7. Ughelli, p. 441-442. D'Avino, p. 148 column 1.
  8. Cappelletti, pp. 266-267.
  9. Ughelli, p. 440.
  10. Ritzler-Sefrin, Hierarchia catholica V, p. 134. The town of Caiazzo had approximately 1,400 inhabitants, and two other parish churches, as well as three monasteries and one nunnery.
  11. D'Avino, p. 148 column 2.
  12. D'Avino, p. 148 column 2.
  13. Book: Francesco Scaduto. Stato e chiesa nelle due Sicilie dai Normanni ai giorni nostri. 1887. A. Amenta. Palermo. Italian. 42–58; 74–78.
  14. "Pariterque in perpetuum supprimendo Episcopalem Ecclesiam Caiacensem, seu Calatinensem, eamdem cum suo Diocesano territorio alteri Episcopali Ecclesiae Casertana integrae aggregamus," Book: Bullarii Romani continuatio, Summorum Pontificum Clementis XIII, Clementis XIV, Pii VI, Pii VII, Leonis XII Gregorii XVI constitutiones.... Tomus decimus quintus (15). 1853. typographia Reverendae Camerae Apostolicae. Rome. Latin. 9; 57 § 6. D'Avino, p. 147.
  15. Cappelletti, p. 275.
  16. Bullarii Romani continuatio Tomus 15, p. 7 column 1, "Articulus XXVIII".
  17. Cappelletti, p. 275. The new bishop, Gabriele Ventriglia, was transferred from the diocese of Cotrone. Book: Notizie per l'anno 1853. 1853. Salviucci. Roma. Italian. 98. The diocese of Caiazzo is already mentioned as "newly established" in the 1851 volume of Notizie. There were no issues in 1849 and 1850, due to the flight of Pius IX from Rome.
  18. Acta Apostolicae Sedis 79 (Città del Vaticano 1987), pp. 631-633.
  19. Bishop Ursus is mentioned in the hagiographical entry on St. Stephanus of Capua, in the Breviarium Capuanense prayer book. Ughelli, p. 441.
  20. Stephanus had been Abbot of S. Salvatore in Capua. He was consecrated by Archbishop Gerbert of Capua in the third year of his bishopric (978, according to Ughelli; or 979, according to Gams, p. 863). Ughelli, p. 441-442 (the text indicates the consecration took place on 1 November in the 8th Indiction, 979). Esposito (2005), p. 14, with note 69.
  21. Esposito (2005), p. 14, with note 70.
  22. Ferdinando: Ughelli, p. 445. Esposito (2005), p. 14, with note 71.
  23. Constantine: Ughelli, p. 445. Esposito (2005), p. 15, with note 72.
  24. Pietro: Ughelli, pp. 445-446. Esposito (2005), p. 15, with note 73.
  25. Tommaso: Gams, p. 863. Esposito (2005), p. 15, with note 74.
  26. Ursus (Orso): Esposito (2005), p. 15, with note 75.
  27. Statius (Stazione, Stanzione: Gams, p. 863. Esposito (2005), p. 15, with note 76.
  28. Bishop Guglielmo, son of Manso, was deposed by Pope Alexander III, after charges of simony were proved. Ughelli, pp. 446-447. Kehr, p. 272, no. 5. Esposito (2005), p. 15, with note 77.
  29. Guglielmo died on 9 January 1181. Ughelli, p. 447. Gams, p. 863.
  30. Doferius (The name had been corrupted into Rofferius and Goffredus) was a native of Caiazzo. He was transferred to the diocese of Bari in 1189, and died in 1217. Ughelli, p. 447. Gams, p. 863. Eubel I, p. 128. Norbert Kamp, "Doferio," in: Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani Volume 40 (1991). Cf. Esposito (2005), p. 15, with note 80.
  31. Gams, p. 863. Esposito (2005), p. 15-16, with note 81.
  32. Variously called Giacomo or Jacopo by the Italians, Jacobus was exiled by Emperor Frederick II. Ughelli, p. 447. Eubel Hierarchia catholica I, p. 153. Esposito (2005), p. 15, with note 82.
  33. Nicolaus Minadeo: Esposito (2005), p. 15, with note 84.
  34. Andreas: Esposito (2005), p. 15, with note 83.
  35. Giovanni d'Arezzo is first recorded in 1274, and died on 23 August 1275. Eubel I, p. 153. Caiola-Di Lorenzo-Sparano, p. 58.
  36. Caiola-Di Lorenzo-Sparano, p. 58.
  37. Gerardo (di Modena): Esposito (2009), pp. 5-9 (beginning his episcopacy in 1283).
  38. Petrus died on 26 June 1308. Ughelli, p. 448, says that he died on 26 May. Eubel I, p. 153. Caiola-Di Lorenzo-Sparano, p. 58. Esposito (2009), pp. 9-10.
  39. Joannes: Eubel I, p. 153. Caiola-Di Lorenzo-Sparano, p. 58.
  40. Thomas was appointed by Pope Clement V. He was sent by King Robert into the Abruzzi in 1326 on several important missions. He died on 14 August 1333. Ughelli, pp. 448-449. Eubel I, p. 155. Cf. Caiola-Di Lorenzo-Sparano, p. 58. Esposito (2009), pp. 11-13.
  41. A native of Naples, Mottola was appointed Bishop of Caiazzo on 20 October 1333 by Pope John XXII, by request of the Chapter of Caiazzo. He died on 21 August 1356 (Ughelli, pp. 449). Eubel I, p. 155. Cf. Caiola-Di Lorenzo-Sparano, p. 58 make the date of his death 21 April 1356, following Di Dario.
  42. Eubel I, p. 155, states that Rogerius died on 3 March 1375. Caiola-Di Lorenzo-Sparano, p. 58, state that Rogerius served from 1360 to 1375.
  43. Francesco was appointed by Pope Gregory IX on 9 April 1375. Eubel I, p. 155. Caiola-Di Lorenzo-Sparano, p. 58, assign Francesco the dates of 1 December 1376 to 16 August 1379. Eubel, p. 155, states that he was transferred to the diocese of Penne, but gives no indication at p. 394 that this was so.
  44. Eubel I, p. 155. A Bartholomaeus was provided in 1379 by Urban VI (Roman Obedience), according to Eubel, by the removal of Bishop Francesco Zoncati. Ughelli points to a Bishop Bartholomaeus in 1385, who was an adherent of Boniface IX in 1391 at the time of his death. Ughelli, p. 450.
  45. Eubel I, p. 155. Caiola-Di Lorenzo-Sparano, p. 59.
  46. Francesco was appointed by Pope Boniface IX on 13 October 1393, and died in October 1404. Eubel I, p. 155. Caiola-Di Lorenzo-Sparano, p. 59.
  47. Andreas Sinravo (Sinzaho di Aversa) had been Bishop of Squillace (1392–1402), then Isernia (1402), and then Potenza (1402–1404). He was transferred to the diocese of Caiazzo on 17 November 1404 by Pope Innocent VII. Ughelli, p. 450, gives the date of his death as 12 June 1422. Eubel I, pp. 155, 287, 407, 462. Caiola-Di Lorenzo-Sparano, p. 59.
  48. Eubel Hierarchia catholica II, p. 113. Cf. Caiola-Di Lorenzo-Sparano, p. 59.
  49. Frangipane was appointed on 13 May 1472. Bishop Frangipane was transferred to the diocese of Tropea on 16 June 1480 by Pope Sixtus IV. He died in 1499. Eubel II, pp. 113, 257.
  50. Eubel, II, p. 113 note 1, cites a document showing that Bishop De Luciis was still alive and in Rome on 23 October 1503, during the Sede vacante which concluded with the election of Pope Julius II on 1 November 1503. He could not have died, therefore, in 1494, as Ughelli, p. 451, reports. Cf. Caiola-Di Lorenzo-Sparano, p. 59, note 77, who mention the report of a manuscript stating that De Luciis died on 5 October 1506.
  51. Carafa was Apostolic Administrator of the diocese of Caiazzo from the end of 1506 to 9 July 1507. He resigned upon the appointment of a new bishop. Eubel III, p. 145.
  52. A native of Salerno, and previously Bishop of Maffa was appointed on 9 July 1507 by Pope Julius II, and was a theologian at the Fifth Lateran Council (1512). Ughelli, pp. 451–452. Eubel III, p. 145.
  53. Cardinal della Valle was Apostolic Administrator of the diocese of Caiazzo from 2 December 1517 to 10 December 1518. He resigned upon the appointment of a new bishop. Ughelli, p. 452. Eubel III, p. 145.
  54. Butrigario was papal Nuncio to Ferdinand, King of Spain, and died on assignment, having been named bishop only a few days earlier. Ughelli, p. 452. Eubel III, p. 145.
  55. Bernardino had been General of the Conventual Franciscans, and a personal friend of Pope Leo X. He had held the titular bishopric of Athens (1517–1520). He died in 1522. Ughelli, p. 452. Eubel III, pp. 122, 145. Cf. Caiola-Di Lorenzo-Sparano, p. 59, who allow him to live until 1527.
  56. Vianesio was appointed Bishop of Caiazzo on 29 October 1522 by Pope Clement VII.
  57. Parisani was named Bishop of Cajazzo on 3 January 1528. On 26 March 1528, the Pope was negotiating with the King of Naples to allow Parisani possession of the diocese of Cajazzo. On 24 October 1528, he had not yet been consecrated a bishop. After nearly 17 months, on 24 May 1529, still Bishop-elect, he was appointed Bishop of Rimini by Pope Clement VII. In 1534 he was papal Majordomo, and was appointed Treasurer of the Apostolic Camera. In 1536 he was appointed Scriptor Litterarum Apostolicarum. He was appointed a cardinal by Pope Paul III on 19 December 1539. In 1542 he was named Legate in Umbria. He died in Rome on 3 April 1549. Eubel III, pp. 27, no. 35; 118, with note 8; 145, with note 6.
  58. Cardinal del Monte was Apostolic Administrator of the diocese from 24 May 1529 until 18 June 1529. He resigned upon the appointment of a new bishop. Ughelli, p. 429. Eubel III, p. 145.
  59. http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bmifra.html "Bishop Alexander Mirto Frangipani"
  60. http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bmirfraf.html "Archbishop Fabio Mirto Frangipani"
  61. Ottavio Mirto Frangipani, the nephew of his predecessor, Bishop Fabio, was named Bishop of Caiazzo by Pope Gregory XIII on 19 November 1572. He was appointed governor of Bologna by Gregory XIII. Sixtus IV sent him as Nuncio with the powers of a Legatus a Latere to the Netherlands and the Rhineland; he resided in Cologne for eight years, at the court of Duke Ernest of Bavaria. On 9 March 1592 Frangipani was appointed Bishop of Tricarico by Pope Clement VIII, and subsequently to Taranto. He was Nuncio to the court of the Archduke Albert in Brussels, during the years 1596–1599. He died in 1612. Ughelli, pp. 454-455. Book: Gianbattista Cubich. Notizie storiche sull' Isola di Veglia. Parte seconda. 1875. Appolonio e Caprin. Trieste. Italian. 51. Eubel III, p. 145 with note 11. Gauchat, Hierarchia catholica IV, pp. 327, 343.
  62. As a young man, Acquaviva, the son of the Duke of Adria and brother of Cardinal Ottavio Acquaviva, fought as a volunteer soldier in the battle of Lepanto, and was captured by the Turks. He vowed to become a monk, and on liberation he joined the Cistercian Order at Florence in 1576. He was named Bishop of Caiazzo on 19 June 1592 by Pope Clement VIII, and was consecrated in Naples by the Archbishop of Capua. He died on 13 June 1617. Ughelli, p. 455. Cappelletti, pp. 272-273. Gauchat, Hierarchia catholica IV, p. 127.
  63. http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bflmrnp.html "Bishop Paolo Filomarino, C.R."
  64. Born at Cava, De Sio was once the Almoner of Anne of Austria, Queen of France. He was appointed by Pope Urban VIII on 8 December 1623, and consecrated on 1 January 1624 by Archbishop Denis Simon de Marquemont. On 21 October 1641 De Sio was appointed Bishop of Boiano by Pope Urban VIII. He died in August 1651. Ughelli, p. 459. Gauchat, pp. 117 with note 7; 127 with note 3. Caiola-Di Lorenzo-Sparano, p. 60.
  65. http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bvillanig.html "Bishop Giacomo Villani"
  66. The sede vacante lasted from 3 April 1799 until 29 June 1818. Caiola-Di Lorenzo-Sparano, p. 60.
  67. Born in Rome in 1856, Ermini was consecrated a bishop on 31 January 1909, and named auxiliary bishop of Cardinal Serafino Vannutelli, Bishop of Porto e Santa Rufina. He was appointed bishop of Caiazzo by Pope Benedict XV on 4 December 1914. He took possession of his diocese on 19 March 1915. On 13 June 1921 Bishop Ermini was transferred to the diocese of Bishop of Fabriano e Matelica. Shortly before his transfer, in 1921, he made his ad limina visit to Rome, and presented his quinquennial report. He died on 16 May 1945. Armando Pepe, Relazione del Vescovo Luigi Ermini sulla diocesi di Caiazzo nel 1921. Introduzione, traduzione e note di Armando Pepe. Tricase (LE): YoucanprintSelfpublishing, pp. 4-5.
  68. On 8 April 1978, Angelo Campagna was appointed Bishop of Caiazzo; on the same day he was also appointed Bishop of Alife. The two dioceses were not united. Acta Apostolicae Sedis 70 (Citta del Vaticano 1978), p. 299. On 30 September 1986, Angelo Campagna was appointed Bishop of Alife-Caiazzo; the diocese of Caiazzo was suppressed.
  69. On 25 Apr 2009 Farina was appointed Bishop of Caserta by Pope Benedict XVI.

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