Roku Explained

Roku
Developer:	Roku, Inc.
Type:	Streaming television
Os:	Roku OS
Online Service:	The Roku Channel
Media:	Smart TVs, streaming players, smart home devices, smart speakers
Platform:	Linux on embedded systems
Cpu:	ARM Cortex-A53, ARM Cortex-A55, ARM Cortex-A73, ARM Cortex A35, ARM quad core 1 GHz, ARM dual core 1.2 GHz, MIPS 1 GHz

Roku is a brand owned by the American tech company Roku, Inc. It is used to market consumer electronic products such as smart TVs, streaming players (and their operating systems), as well as a free streaming service.

Roku is the top streaming TV distributor in the U.S., reaching nearly 120 million people as of 2024.^{[1] [2] [3]} The brand's products have been reviewed favorably for their ease of use.^[4]

History

Roku was formed by Anthony Wood in 2002; he had previously founded ReplayTV, a DVR company that competed with TiVo.^[5] After ReplayTV's failure, Wood worked for a while at Netflix. In 2007, Wood's company began working with Netflix on Project:Griffin, a set-top box to allow Netflix users to stream Netflix content to their TVs.^[5] Only a few weeks before the project's launch, Netflix's founder Reed Hastings decided it would hamper license arrangements with third parties, potentially keeping Netflix off other similar platforms, and killed the project.^[6] Fast Company magazine cited the decision to kill the project as "one of Netflix's riskiest moves".

Netflix then decided instead to spin off the company, and Roku released their first set-top box in 2008.^[7] In 2010 they began offering models with various capabilities, which eventually became their standard business model.^[7] In 2014, Roku partnered with smart TV manufacturers to produce TVs with built-in Roku functionality. In 2015, Roku won the inaugural Emmy for Television Enhancement Devices.

According to CNBC in 2021, Roku was the U.S. market leader in streaming video distribution. Later in 2023, Variety called Roku "the top connected TV platform" in the U.S.

In April 2024, TheWrap reported that the Roku streaming platform was reaching an estimated 120 million people in the U.S. In August 2024, a Wired review cited ease of use as "one of the main reasons" to buy any Roku product.

Roku streaming players

First generation

The first Roku model, the Roku DVP N1000, was unveiled on May 20, 2008. It was developed in partnership with Netflix to serve as a standalone set-top box for its recently introduced "Watch Instantly" service. The goal was to produce a device with a small footprint that could be sold at low cost compared to larger digital video recorders and video game consoles. It features an NXP PNX8935 video decoder supporting both standard and high definition formats up to 720p; HDMI output; and automatic software updates, including the addition of new channels for other video services.^{[8] [9] [10]}

Roku launched two new models in October 2009: the Roku SD (a simplified version of the DVP, with only analog AV outputs); and the Roku HD-XR, an updated version with 802.11n Wi-Fi and a USB port for future functionality. The Roku DVP was retroactively renamed the Roku HD. By then, Roku had added support for other services. The next month, they introduced the Channel Store, where users could download third-party apps for other content services (including the possibility of private services for specific uses).^{[11] [12]}

Netflix support was initially dependent on a PC, requiring users to add content to their "Instant Queue" from the service's web interface before it could be accessed via the Roku. In May 2010, the channel was updated to allow users to search the Netflix library directly from the device.^[13]

In August 2010, Roku announced plans to add 1080p video support to the HD-XR.^[14] The next month, they released an updated lineup with thinner form factors: a new HD; the XD, with 1080p support; and the XDS, with optical audio, dual-band Wi-Fi, and a USB port. The XD and XDS also included an updated remote.^[15]

Support for the first-generation Roku models ended in September 2015.^[16]

Second generation

In July 2011, Roku unveiled its second generation of players, branded as Roku 2 HD, XD, and XS. All three models include 802.11n, and also add microSD slots and Bluetooth. The XD and XS support 1080p, and only the XS model includes an Ethernet connector and USB port. They also support the "Roku Game Remote"—a Bluetooth remote with motion controller support for games, which was bundled with the XS and sold separately for other models.^[17] The Roku LT was unveiled in October, as an entry-level model with no Bluetooth or microSD support.^[18]

In January 2012, Roku unveiled the Streaming Stick - a new model condensed into a dongle form factor using Mobile High-Definition Link (MHL).^{[19] [20]} Later in October, Roku introduced a new search feature to the second-generation models, aggregating content from services usable on the device.^[21]

Third generation

Roku unveiled its third-generation models in March 2013, the Roku 3 and Roku 2. The Roku 3 contains an upgraded CPU over the 2 XS, and a Wi-Fi Direct remote with an integrated headphone jack. The Roku 2 features only the faster CPU.^{[22] [23]} A software update in October 2014 added support for peer-to-peer Miracast wireless.^[24]

Fourth generation

In October 2015, Roku introduced the Roku 4; the device contains upgraded hardware with support for 4K resolution video, as well as 802.11ac wireless.^[25]

Fifth generation

In September 2016, Roku revamped their entire streaming player line-up with five new models (low end Roku Express, Roku Express+, high end Roku Premiere, Roku Premiere+, and top-of-the-line Roku Ultra), while the Streaming Stick (3600) was held over from the previous generation (having been released the previous April) as a sixth option.^[26] The Roku Premiere+ and Roku Ultra support HDR video using HDR10.^[27]

Sixth generation

In October 2017, Roku introduced its sixth generation of products. The Premiere and Premiere+ models were discontinued, the Streaming Stick+ (with an enhanced Wi-Fi antenna device) was introduced, as well as new processors for the Roku Streaming Stick, Roku Express, and Roku Express+.^[28]

Seventh generation

In September 2018, Roku introduced the seventh generation of products. Carrying over from the 2017 sixth-generation without any changes were the Express (3900), Express+ (3910), Streaming Stick (3800), and Streaming Stick+ (3810). The Ultra is the same hardware device from 2017, but it comes with JBL premium headphones and is repackaged with the new model number 4661. Roku has resurrected the Premiere and Premiere+ names, but these two new models bear little resemblance to the 2016 fifth-generation Premiere (4620) and Premiere+ (4630) models. The new Premiere (3920) and Premiere+ (3921) are essentially based on the Express (3900) model with 4K support added, it also includes Roku Streaming Stick+ Headphone Edition (3811) for improving Wifi signal strength and private listening.^[29]

Eighth generation

In September 2019, Roku introduced the eighth generation of products.^[30]

The same year, Netflix announced that it would stop supporting older generations of Roku, including the Roku HD, HD-XR, SD, XD, and XDS, as well as the NetGear-branded XD and XDS beginning on December 1, 2019. Roku had warned in 2015 that it would stop updating players made in May 2011 or earlier, and these vintage boxes were among them.^[31]

Ninth generation

On September 28, 2020, Roku introduced the ninth generation of products.^[32] An updated Roku Ultra was released along with the addition of the Roku Streambar, a 2-in-1 Roku and Soundbar device. The microSD slot was removed from the new Ultra 4800, making it the first top-tier Roku device since the first generation to lack this feature. On April 14, 2021, Roku announced the Roku Express 4K+, replacing the 8th generation Roku Express devices, the Voice Remote Pro as an optional upgrade for existing Roku players, and Roku OS 10 for all modern Roku devices.^[33]

Tenth generation

On September 20, 2021, Roku introduced the tenth generation of products.^[34] The Roku Streaming Stick 4K^[35] was announced along with the Roku Streaming Stick 4K+ which includes an upgraded rechargeable Roku Voice Remote Pro with lost remote finder.^[36] Roku announced an updated Roku Ultra LT with a faster processor, stronger Wi-Fi and Dolby Vision as well as Bluetooth audio streaming and built-in Ethernet support.^[37] Roku also announced Roku OS 10.5 with several new and improved features.^[38]

On November 15, 2021, Roku announced a budget model Roku LE (3930S3) to be sold at Walmart, while supplies last.^[39] It lacks 4K and HDR10 support, making its features similar to those of the 2019 Roku Express (3930). It has the same form factor as the 2019 Roku Express, except the plastic shell is white rather than black.

Feature comparison

First generation

Model	Introduced	Video outputs		Video resolutions			Audio output		Network		USB	Remote	Processor	Memory	Channel storage ^[40]	micro SD slot	Netflix with Profiles
		Composite, S-Video	Component, HDMI	480i, 480p	720p, 1080p (HD)	2160p (4K)	Analog	Optical, HDMI	Ethernet	802.11 wireless
Roku DVP (N1000)	May 2008												PNX8935 400 MHz ^[41] ^[42] ^[43]	256 MB	64 MB
Roku SD (N1050)	Oct 2009												PNX8935 400 MHz^[44]	256 MB	64 MB
Roku HD (N1100)	Nov 2009												PNX8935 400 MHz	256 MB	64 MB
Roku HD-XR (N1101)	Oct 2009												PNX8935 400 MHz	256 MB	256 MB
Roku HD (2000)	Sep 2010												PNX8935 400 MHz	256 MB	64 MB
Roku XD (2050)	Sep 2010												PNX8935 400 MHz^[45]	256 MB	64 MB
Roku XDS (2100)	Sep 2010												PNX8935 400 MHz^[46]	256 MB	256 MB

Second generation

Model	Introduced	Video outputs		Video resolutions			Audio output		Network		USB	Remote	Processor	Memory	Channel storage	micro SD slot	Netflix with Profiles
		Composite, S-Video	Component, HDMI	480i, 480p	720p, 1080p (HD)	2160p (4K)	Analog	Optical, HDMI	Ethernet	802.11 wireless
Roku LT (2400)	Nov 2011												BCM2835 600 MHz^[47] ^[48]	256 MB	256 MB
Roku LT (2450)	Apr 2012												BCM7208 405 MHz	256 MB	256 MB
Roku HD (2500)	Apr 2012												BCM7208 405 MHz^[49]	256 MB	256 MB
Roku 2 HD (3000)	Jul 2011												BCM2835 600 MHz^[50]	256 MB	256 MB
Roku 2 XD (3050)	Jul 2011												BCM2835 600 MHz	256 MB	256 MB
Roku 2 XS (3100)	Jul 2011												BCM2835 600 MHz ^[51]	256 MB	256 MB
Roku Streaming Stick, MHL (3400, 3420)	Oct 2012									^[52]			BCM2835 600 MHz	256 MB^[53]	512 MB
Roku Streaming Stick, HDMI (3500)	Mar 2014^[54]												BCM2835 600 MHz	512 MB	256 MB

Third generation

Model	Introduced	Video outputs		Video resolutions			Audio output		Network		USB	Remote	Processor	Memory	Channel storage	micro SD slot	Netflix with Profiles^[55]
		Composite, S-Video	Component, HDMI	480i, 480p	720p, 1080p (HD)	2160p (4K)	Analog	Optical, HDMI	Ethernet	802.11 wireless
Roku LT (2700)	Sep 2013												BCM7218 600 MHz	512 MB	256 MB
Roku 1, SE (2710)	Sep 2013												BCM7218 600 MHz	512 MB	256 MB
Roku 2 (2720)	Sep 2013												BCM7218 600 MHz	512 MB	256 MB
Roku 3 (4200)	Mar 2013												BCM11130 900 MHz	512 MB	256 MB
Roku 2 (4210)	Apr 2015												BCM11130 900 MHz	512 MB	256 MB
Roku 3 (4230)	Apr 2015												BCM11130 900 MHz	512 MB	256 MB

Fourth generation

Model	Introduced	Video outputs		Video resolutions			Audio output		Network		USB	Remote	Processor	Memory	Channel storage	micro SD slot	Netflix with Profiles
		Composite, S-Video	Component, HDMI	480i, 480p	720p, 1080p (HD)	2160p (4K)	Analog	Optical, HDMI	Ethernet	802.11 wireless
Roku Streaming Stick (3600) ^[56]	Apr 2016												BCM2836 900 MHz^[57] ^[58]	512 MB	256 MB
Roku 4 (4400) ^[59]	Oct 2015												STV7723A01 ^[60]	1.5 GB	512 MB

Fifth generation

Model	Introduced	Video outputs		Video resolutions			Audio output		Network		USB	Remote	Processor^[61]	Memory	Channel storage	micro SD slot	Netflix with Profiles
		Composite, S-Video	Component, HDMI	480i, 480p	720p60, 1080p60 (HD)	2160p60 (4K)	Analog	Optical, HDMI	Ethernet	802.11 wireless
Roku Express (3700)	Oct 2016												MStar MSA3Z177Z1^[62] 900 MHz (MIPS 900 MHz)	512 MB	256 MB
Roku Express+ (3710)	Oct 2016												MSA3Z177Z1 900 MHz (MIPS 900 MHz)	512 MB	256 MB
Roku Premiere (4620)	Oct 2016												MStar MSO9380 1.2 GHz (ARM Cortex A53)	1 GB	512 MB
Roku Premiere+ (4630)	Oct 2016												MStar MSO9380 1.2 GHz (ARM Cortex A53)	1 GB	512 MB
Roku Ultra (4640)	Oct 2016												MStar MSO9380 1.2 GHz (ARM Cortex A53)	1 GB	1 GB

Sixth generation

Model	Introduced	Video outputs		Video resolutions			HDR format	Audio output		Network		USB	Remote	Processor ^[63]	Memory	Channel storage	micro SD slot	Netflix with Profiles
		Composite, S-Video	Component, HDMI	480i, 480p	720p60, 1080p60 (HD)	2160p60 (4K)	HDR10/Dolby Vision	Analog	Optical, HDMI	Ethernet	802.11 wireless
Roku Express (3900)^[64]	Oct 2017													ARM Cortex A53	512MB	256MB
Roku Express+ (3910)^[65]	Oct 2017													ARM Cortex A53	512MB	256MB
Roku Streaming Stick (3800)^[66]	Oct 2017													ARM Cortex A53	512MB	256MB
Roku Streaming Stick+ (3810)^[67]	Oct 2017													ARM Cortex A53	1GB	512MB
Roku Ultra (4660)^[68]	Oct 2017													ARM Cortex A53	1GB	512MB

Seventh generation

Model	Introduced	Ports				Video output			Audio output			Wireless 802.11	Remote	Processor	Memory	Storage
		Optical, HDMI	Ethernet	USB	micro SD	HD	4K	HDR10, Dolby Vision	Analog	DTS	Dolby Atmos
Roku Premiere (3920)	Sep 2018	HDMI							Stream to smartphone			b/g/n	IR	ARM Cortex A53	1GB	512MB
Roku Premiere+ (3921)	Sep 2018	HDMI							Stream to smartphone			b/g/n	IR, Wi-Fi Direct, Voice Search	ARM Cortex A53	1GB^[69]	512MB
Roku Ultra (4661)	Sep 2018	HDMI							Remote & stream to smartphone			a/b/g/n/ac dual-band	IR, Wi-Fi Direct, Voice Search	ARM Cortex A53	1GB	512MB

Eighth generation

Model	Introduced	Ports				Video output			Audio output			Wireless 802.11	Remote	Processor	Memory	Storage
		Optical, HDMI	Ethernet	USB	micro SD	HD	4K	HDR10, Dolby Vision	Analog	DTS	Dolby Atmos
Roku Streaming Stick+ (3810)	Sep 2019	HDMI 2.0a							Stream to smartphone			a/b/g/n/ac dual-band	IR, Wi-Fi Direct, Voice Search	ARM Cortex A53	1GB	512MB
Roku Express, SE, LE (3930)	Sep 2019	HDMI 1.4b							Stream to smartphone			b/g/n	IR	ARM Cortex A53	512MB	256MB
Roku Express+ (3931)	Sep 2019	HDMI 1.4b							Stream to smartphone			b/g/n	IR, Wi-Fi Direct, Voice Search	ARM Cortex A53	512MB	256MB
Roku Premiere (3920)	Sep 2019	HDMI 2.0a							Stream to smartphone			b/g/n	IR	ARM Cortex A53	1GB	512MB
Roku Ultra LT (4662)	Sep 2019	HDMI 2.0a							Remote & Stream to smartphone			a/b/g/n/ac dual-band	IR, Wi-Fi Direct, Voice Search	ARM Cortex A53	1GB	512MB
Roku Ultra (4670)	Sep 2019	HDMI 2.0a							Remote & Stream to smartphone			a/b/g/n/ac dual-band	IR, Wi-Fi Direct, Voice Search	ARM Cortex A53	2GB	512MB

Ninth generation

Model	Introduced	Ports				Video output			Audio output			Wireless 802.11	Remote	Processor	Memory	Storage
		Optical, HDMI	Ethernet	USB	micro SD	HD	4K	HDR10/HDR10+ Dolby Vision/HLG	Analog	DTS	Dolby Atmos
Roku Express 4K (3940)	May 2021	HDMI 2.0b							Stream to smartphone			a/b/g/n/ac dual-band	IR	Realtek 1315	1GB	4GB
Roku Express 4K+ (3941)	May 2021	HDMI 2.0b							Remote & Stream to smartphone			a/b/g/n/ac dual-band	Voice	Realtek 1315	1GB	4GB
Roku Ultra (4800)	Oct 2020	HDMI 2.0b							Remote & Stream to smartphone			a/b/g/n/ac dual-band MIMO	Voice, Headphone Jack, Lost Remote	Realtek 1319	2GB	4GB
Roku Streambar (9102)	Oct 2020	Optical, HDMI 2.0a (ARC)							Remote & Stream to smartphone			a/b/g/n/ac dual-band MIMO	Voice	MStar C2	1GB	512MB

Tenth generation

Model	Introduced	Ports				Video output			Audio output			Wireless 802.11	Remote	Processor	Memory	Storage
		Optical, HDMI	Ethernet	USB	micro SD	HD	4K	HDR10/HDR10+ Dolby Vision/HLG	Analog	DTS	Dolby Atmos
Roku Streaming Stick 4K (3820)	Sep 2021	HDMI 2.0b							Stream to smartphone			a/b/g/n/ac dual-band MIMO	Voice	Realtek 1315	1GB	4GB
Roku Streaming Stick 4K+ (3821)	Sep 2021	HDMI 2.0b							Stream to smartphone			a/b/g/n/ac dual-band MIMO	Voice, Headphone Jack, Lost Remote, Rechargeable	Realtek 1315	1GB	4GB
Roku Ultra LT (4801)	Sep 2021	HDMI 2.0b							Remote & Stream to smartphone			a/b/g/n/ac dual-band MIMO	Voice, Headphone Jack	Realtek 1319	2GB	4GB
Roku Ultra (4802)	Sep 2021	HDMI 2.0b							Remote & Stream to smartphone			a/b/g/n/ac dual-band MIMO	Voice, Headphone Jack, Lost Remote, Rechargeable	Realtek 1319	2GB	4GB
Roku Express (3960)	Sep 2022	HDMI 2.0b							Stream to smartphone			a/b/g/n dual-band	IR	Realtek 1312c	512MB	512MB
Roku Streambar Pro (9101)	May 2021	Optical, HDMI 2.0a (ARC)							Remote & Stream to smartphone			a/b/g/n/ac dual-band MIMO	Voice, Headphone Jack	MStar C2	1GB	512MB

Roku TV

Roku announced its first branded smart TV and it was released in late 2014. These TVs are manufactured by companies like TCL, LG, Westinghouse and Hisense, and use the Roku user interface as the "brain" of the TV. Roku TVs are updated just like the streaming devices.^[70] More recent models also integrate a set of features for use with over-the-air TV signals, including a program guide that provides information for shows and movies available on local antenna broadcast TV, as well as where that content is available to stream, and the ability to pause live TV (although the feature requires a USB hard drive with at least 16GB storage).

On November 14, 2019, Walmart and Roku announced that they would be selling Roku TVs under the Onn brand exclusively at Walmart stores, starting November 29.^[71]

In January 2020, Roku created a badge to certify devices as working with a Roku TV model. The first certified brands were TCL North America, Sound United, Polk Audio, Marantz, Definitive Technology, and Classé.^[72]

In January 2021, a Roku executive said one out of three smart TVs sold in the United States and Canada came with Roku's operating system built-in.^[73]

In May 2020, Roku announced a 55-inch outdoor Element Roku TV. The television offers minimal reflection, an anti-glare display, 4K streaming, and can be used in bright outdoor environments.^[74]

In March 2023, Roku announced a partnership with Best Buy in which the retailer will exclusively sell the Roku Select and Plus Series TVs manufactured by Roku.^[75]

Roku OS

See main article: articles and Roku OS.

Content and programming

Roku provides video services from a number of Internet-based video on demand providers.

Roku channels

Content on Roku devices is provided by Roku partners and is identified using the term channel. Users can add or remove different channels using the Roku Channel Store or the search feature. Roku's website does not specify which channels are free to its users.

Service creation for Roku Player

The Roku is an open-platform device with a freely available software development kit that enables anyone to create new channels.^[76] The channels are written in a Roku-specific language called BrightScript, a scripting language the company describes as 'unique', but "similar to Visual Basic" and "similar to JavaScript".^[77]

Developers who wish to test their channels before a general release, or who wish to limit viewership, can create "private" channels that require a code be entered by the user in the account page of the Roku website. These private channels, which are not part of the official Roku Channel Store, are not reviewed or certified by Roku.^[78]

There is an NDK (Native Developer Kit) available, though it has added restrictions.^[77]

The Roku Channel

See main article: The Roku Channel. Roku launched its own streaming channel on its devices in October 2017. It is ad-supported, but free. Its licensed content includes movies and TV shows from studios such as Lionsgate, MGM, Paramount, Sony Pictures Entertainment, Warner Bros., Disney, and Universal as well as Roku channel content publishers American Classics, FilmRise, Nosey, OVGuide, Popcornflix, Vidmark, and YuYu. It is implementing an ad revenue sharing model with content providers. On August 8, 2018, the Roku Channel became available on the web as well.^[79] Roku also added the "Featured Free" section as the top section of its main menu from which users can get access to direct streaming of shows and movies from its partners.^[80]

In January 2019, premium subscription options from select content providers were added to the Roku Channel. Originally only available in the U.S.,^[81] it launched in the UK on April 7, 2020, with a different selection of movies and TV shows, and without premium subscription add-ons.^[82]

On January 8, 2021, Roku announced that it had acquired the original content library of the defunct mobile video service Quibi for an undisclosed amount, reported to be around $100 million.^{[83] [84]} The content is being rebranded as Roku Originals.^[85]

Controversies

Non-certified channels

The Daily Beast alleged that non-certified channels on Roku eased access to materials promoting conspiracy theories and terrorism content.^[86]

In June 2017, a Mexico City court banned the sale of Roku products in Mexico, following claims by Televisa (via its Izzi cable subsidiary) that the devices were being used for subscription-based streaming services that illegally stream television content without permission from copyright holders. The devices used Roku's private channels feature to install the services, which were all against the terms of service Roku applies for official channels available in its store. Roku defended itself against the allegations as such, stating that these channels were not officially certified and that the company takes active measures to stop illegal streaming services.^[87] The 11th Collegiate Court in Mexico City overturned the decision in October 2018, with Roku returning to the Mexican market soon after; Televisa's streaming service Blim TV (now Vix) would also launch on the platform.^[88]

In August 2017 Roku began to display a prominent disclaimer when non-certified channels are added, warning that channels enabling piracy may be removed "without prior notice".^{[89] [90] [91]} In mid-May 2018, a software glitch caused some users to see copyright takedown notices on legitimate services such as Netflix and YouTube. Roku acknowledged and patched the glitch.^{[92] [93]}

In March 2022, the private channel system was deprecated due to abuse and replaced with a more limited and strict beta channels platform which only allows twenty users to test a channel for up to four months.^[94]

Carriage disputes

Pay television-styled carriage disputes emerged on the Roku platform in 2020, as the company requires providers to agree to revenue sharing for subscription services that are billed through the platform, and to hold 30% of advertising inventory.^[95] On September 18 of that same year, Roku announced that NBCUniversal TV Everywhere services would be removed from its devices "as early as this weekend", due to its refusal to carry the company's streaming service Peacock (which had been unavailable on Roku since its launch in July 2020) under terms it deemed "unreasonable". It reached an agreement with NBCUniversal later that day, which allowed Peacock to become available on Roku.^[96] HBO Max, which launched in May 2020, was unavailable on Roku until December 2020 due to similar disputes over revenue sharing, particularly in regards to an upcoming ad-supported tier.^{[97] [98]} On December 17, 2020, HBO Max began streaming on Roku, after WarnerMedia and Roku reached a deal the previous day (and also after media speculation that WarnerMedia moving Wonder Woman 1984 and Warner Bros' 2021 theatrical slate to a hybrid theatrical/HBO Max release model were an attempt to get Roku to agree to their terms).^[99]

Another dispute, starting mid-December 2020, caused Spectrum customers to be unable to download the Spectrum TV streaming app to their Roku devices; existing customers could retain the app, but would lose it upon deletion, even to fix software bugs. This dispute was resolved on August 17, 2021.^{[100] [101]}

On April 30, 2021, Roku removed the over-the-top television service YouTube TV from its Channels Store, preventing it from being downloaded. The company accused operator Google LLC of making demands regarding its YouTube app that it considered "predatory, anti-competitive and discriminatory", including enhanced access to customer data, giving YouTube greater prominence in Roku's search interface, and requiring that Roku implement specific hardware standards that could increase the cost of its devices. Roku accused Google of "leveraging its YouTube monopoly to force an independent company into an agreement that is both bad for consumers and bad for fair competition."^{[102] [103]}

Google claimed that Roku had "terminated our deal in bad faith amidst our negotiation", stating that it wanted to renew the "existing reasonable terms" under which Roku offered YouTube TV. Google denied Roku's claims regarding customer data and prominence of the YouTube app, and stated that its carriage of a YouTube app was under a separate agreement, and unnecessarily brought into negotiations.^[104] As a partial workaround, YouTube began to deploy an update to its main app on Roku and other platforms, which integrates the YouTube TV service.^[105] On December 8, 2021 (a day before the agreement for the main YouTube app expired), Roku and Google announced that they had settled their dispute and reached a multi-year agreement to keep the YouTube app on Roku and to restore the YouTube TV app on Roku.^[106]

See also

• Comparison of digital media players
• SoundBridge, another Roku product
• Smart TV
• Roku City

Notes and References

1. Web site: Aquilina . Tyler . 2023-01-06 . The Flawed Reasoning Behind Roku’s Smart TV Play . 2024-07-26 . Variety . en-US.
2. Web site: Sherman . Alex . 2021-06-18 . How Roku used the Netflix playbook to beat bigger players and rule streaming video . 2024-07-26 . CNBC . en.
3. Web site: Manfredi . Lucas . 2024-04-25 . Roku Stock Reverses Gains After Streamer Warns Adjusted Earnings Will Moderate in 2nd Half of 2024 . 2024-07-26 . TheWrap . en-US.
4. Web site: So . Adrienne . 2024-08-04 . The Roku Pro Series TV Is Great for Chaotic Gaming Families . 2024-08-09 . WIRED . en-US.
5. Web site: Butler . Dave . History of Roku: Timeline and Facts . TheStreet . March 13, 2020 . 31 May 2020 . August 6, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200806222723/https://www.thestreet.com/technology/history-of-roku . live .
6. Web site: Carr . Austin . Inside Netflix's Project Griffin: The Forgotten History Of Roku Under Reed Hastings . Fastcompany . January 23, 2013 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20130123131157/https://www.fastcompany.com/3004709/inside-netflixs-project-griffin-forgotten-history-roku-under-reed-hastings . 2013-01-23 . 21 June 2020 .
7. Web site: Bouma . Luke . A Short History of The Roku Player . Cord Cutter News . December 16, 2015 . 31 May 2020 . August 6, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200806200618/https://www.cordcuttersnews.com/a-short-history-of-roku-set-top-boxes/ . live .
8. News: 2008-05-20 . Hansell . Saul . Netflix to Sell a Device for Instantly Watching Movies on TV Sets . . registration . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20180105221143/https://www.nytimes.com/2008/05/20/technology/20netflix.html . 2018-01-05 . 2020-03-15 . 0362-4331.
9. Web site: The Consumer Electronics Hall of Fame: Roku DVP N1000. IEEE Spectrum. December 6, 2018. 2020-03-15. July 26, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200726123858/https://spectrum.ieee.org/consumer-electronics/gadgets/the-consumer-electronics-hall-of-fame-roku-dvp-n1000. live.
10. Dumas. Daniel. Review: Roku Netflix Set Top Box Is Just Shy of Totally Amazing. 2008-05-20. Wired. 2020-03-15. 1059-1028. April 21, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200421100819/https://www.wired.com/2008/05/review-roku-net/. live.
11. Web site: Roku Player review: Roku Player . Falcone . John . CNET . 2020-03-15 . April 12, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200412085946/https://www.cnet.com/reviews/roku-player-review/ . live .
12. Web site: Hands on: Roku's updated Player software and new Channel Store . Frakes . Dan . 2009-11-22 . Macworld . 2020-03-15 . August 7, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200807040453/https://www.macworld.com/article/1144032/rokusoftwareupdate.html . live .
13. Web site: Roku makes its Netflix channel better -- a lot better. Krasnoff. Barbara. 2010-05-27. Computerworld. 2020-03-16. August 6, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200806220046/https://www.computerworld.com/article/2469384/roku-makes-its-netflix-channel-better----a-lot-better.html. live.
14. Web site: Roku cuts player prices, plans 1080p support for HD-XR model. Caldwell. Serenity. 2010-08-30. Macworld. 2020-03-15. August 6, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200806180926/https://www.macworld.com/article/1153770/New_price_cuts_for_Roku_players.html. live.
15. Web site: Roku launches revamped HD, XD, and XDS players, starting at $59. Engadget. July 19, 2019 . 2020-03-16. March 10, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200310095314/https://www.engadget.com/2010/09/22/roku-launches-revamped-hd-xd-and-xds-players-starting-at-just/. live.
16. Web site: Roku Drops Support for 'Classic' Streaming Boxes. Spangler. Todd. 2015-09-02. Variety. 2020-03-15. August 6, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200806181856/https://variety.com/2015/digital/news/roku-drops-support-older-boxes-1201583783/. live.
17. Web site: Roku officially unveils new game-enabled video players. Falcone. John. CNET. 2020-03-15. August 6, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200806080613/https://www.cnet.com/news/roku-officially-unveils-new-game-enabled-video-players/. live.
18. Web site: Roku announces $50 LT model, will add HBO Go streaming to all of its boxes this month. Engadget. October 11, 2011 . 2020-03-15. July 6, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170706165734/https://www.engadget.com/2011/10/11/roku-announces-50-lt-model-will-add-hbo-go-streaming-to-all-it/. live.
19. Web site: Roku unveils Streaming Stick, squeezes box into MHL dongle. Engadget. July 19, 2019 . 2020-03-15. December 4, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20191204204048/https://www.engadget.com/2012/01/04/roku-unveils-streaming-stick-squeezes-box-into-mhl-dongle/. live.
20. Isaac. Mike. New Roku Streaming Stick: Smart TV Sans Set-Top Box. 2012-01-04. Wired. 2020-03-15. 1059-1028. August 6, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200806195041/https://www.wired.com/2012/01/roku-streaming-stick-smart-tv/. live.
21. Web site: Roku adds universal search channel for movies and TV. Bishop. Bryan. 2012-10-29. The Verge. 2020-03-15. August 6, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200806182244/https://www.theverge.com/2012/10/29/3569990/roku-universal-search-channel-movies-tv. live.
22. Web site: Roku PSA: Here's how to tell the new Roku 2 and Roku 3 from the old versions. 2015-04-27. TechHive. 2020-03-15. April 20, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200420205122/https://www.techhive.com/article/2915232/roku-psa-heres-how-to-tell-the-new-roku-2-and-roku-3-from-the-old-versions.html. live.
23. News: Roku 3, a faster and more powerful media player, to go on sale . . March 5, 2013 . March 6, 2014 . March 18, 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20130318145340/http://www.latimes.com/business/technology/la-fi-tn-roku-3-available-for-purchase-online-20130305,0,2733700.story . live .
24. Web site: 2014-10-03 . Roku Adds Miracast Screen Mirroring to Recent Devices . 2023-09-21 . ITPro Today: IT News, How-Tos, Trends, Case Studies, Career Tips, More . en.
25. Web site: Roku Unveils Its 4K Streamer, The Roku 4, Plus New Software, Discovery Features, And Upgraded Mobile App. TechCrunch. October 6, 2015. 2020-03-15. April 20, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230420211155/https://techcrunch.com/2015/10/06/roku-unveils-its-4k-streamer-the-roku-4-plus-new-software-discovery-features-and-upgraded-mobile-app/. live.
26. Web site: Roku Announces All-New Streaming Player Line Up Starting at $29.99 Roku Online Newsroom. Roku.com. 2016-09-26. September 26, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160926215747/http://newsroom.roku.com/press-release/roku-announces-all-new-streaming-player-line-starting-2999. live.
27. News: Roku unveils five new streaming boxes with prices as low as $30 . Katzmaier, David . CNET . 2016-09-26 . 2016-09-26 . September 27, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160927133629/https://www.cnet.com/news/new-roku-boxes-start-streaming-at-a-dirt-cheap-30-dollars/ . live .
28. News: Roku rolls out Roku OS 8, refreshes TV hardware with 4K and faster processors. The Verge. 2018-07-16. July 16, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180716194703/https://www.theverge.com/2017/10/2/16394942/roku-2017-streaming-tv-box-stick-ultra-express-os-8-operating-system. live.
29. Web site: Roku Express 7th Gen (2019) vs Roku Premiere 7th Gen (2018). November 12, 2021. November 12, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20211112171712/https://www.slant.co/ai/roku-premiere-7th-gen-2018-vs-roku-express-7th-gen-2019. live.
30. Web site: Introducing the new Roku player lineup. Roku Blog. 2020-04-23. January 28, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200128070307/https://blog.roku.com/new-roku-player-lineup-2019. live.
31. Web site: Netflix ends support for some older Roku players on December 1st. Engadget. October 13, 2019 . 2019-10-13. October 13, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20191013073142/https://www.engadget.com/2019/10/12/netflix-ends-support-for-older-roku-players/. live.
32. Web site: Introducing the new Roku player lineup. Roku Blog. 2020-10-24. October 26, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201026180246/https://blog.roku.com/new-roku-player-lineup. live.
33. Web site: Dunn. Jeff. 2021-04-13. Roku's latest streaming device gives 4K, HDR, and a voice remote for $40. 2021-04-26. Ars Technica. en-us. April 26, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210426164733/https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2021/04/new-roku-express-4k-plus-voice-remote-pro-announced/. live.
34. Web site: Introducing the all-new Roku Streaming Stick 4K and Roku Streaming Stick 4K+. Roku Blog. 2021-09-20. September 23, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210923121702/https://www.roku.com/blog/introducing-roku-streaming-stick-4k. live.
35. Web site: Roku Streaming Stick 4K — Powerful & portable. Roku Website. 2021-09-20. November 18, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20211118132345/https://www.roku.com/products/roku-streaming-stick-4k. live.
36. Web site: Roku Streaming Stick 4K+ — Powerful & portable. Roku Website. 2021-09-20. December 13, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20211213105816/https://www.roku.com/products/roku-streaming-stick-4k-plus. live.
37. Web site: Roku Ultra LT — Powerful 4K streaming. Roku Website. 2021-09-20. September 17, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210917171108/https://www.roku.com/products/roku-ultra-lt. live.
38. Web site: Roku OS 10.5 offers easy access to content, new mobile features, and expanded surround sound capabilities. Roku Blog. 2021-09-20. September 21, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210921194804/https://www.roku.com/blog/roku-os-10-5. live.
39. Web site: Roku Announces $15 Roku LE Streaming Player Exclusively at Walmart for Black Friday. Roku Newsroom. 2021-12-09. December 9, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20211209061357/https://newsroom.roku.com/news/2021/11/roku-le/b0zwbcpp-1637005128. live.
40. In the first generation players, the size of flash memory limited the number of channels that could be installed. Later models (>2100) removed that limit.
41. NXP and Roku Enable Instant Enjoyment of New Release Movies . March 4, 2009 . November 11, 2011 . The Roku digital video player, powered by the PNX8935 multi-format source decoder from NXP . April 1, 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120401132844/http://www.nxp.com/news/press-releases/2009/03/nxp-and-roku-enable-instant-enjoyment-of-new-release-movies.html . live .
42. Web site: Netflix Player source code released . Hack a Day . July 2, 2008 . November 11, 2011 . November 22, 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20111122051122/http://hackaday.com/2008/07/02/netflix-player-source-code-released/ . live .
43. Web site: Roku XDS Reviewed – Inside . SmallNetBuilder . Higgins . Tim . September 29, 2010 . November 11, 2011 . the original Roku and XDS, which both use Nexperia's PNX8935 multi-format source decoder. It's obvious that a newer version of the PNX8935 is used in the XDS, given the device's smaller size. . April 1, 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120401131539/http://www.smallnetbuilder.com/multimedia-voip/multimedia-voip-reviews/31284-roku-xds-reviewed?start=1 . live .
44. Web site: MIPS-Based Products . November 11, 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20111129130427/http://www.mips.com/everywhere/mips-based-products/index.dot?partnercat=Digital+Home . November 29, 2011 . live . Roku HD-XR Digital Video Player ... Roku SD Digital Video Player ... Roku HD Digital Video Player ... Licensee Chip Used: PNX8935 .
45. Web site: Netgear Roku XD: Streaming for the Masses . AnandTech . Lueke . Alan . November 12, 2010 . November 11, 2011 . Looking inside, I discovered the NXP PNX8935 SoC. . May 24, 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20130524181257/http://www.anandtech.com/Show/Index/4016?cPage=2&all=False&sort=0&page=2 . live .
46. Web site: Roku XDS Teardown . TechRepublic . Detwiler . Bill . January 14, 2011 . November 11, 2011 . XDS uses a Trident Microsystems / NXP Semiconductors PNX8935 multi-format source decoder. . December 31, 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20111231112415/http://www.techrepublic.com/photos/roku-xds-teardown/499449?seq=24 . live .
47. Web site: Developer Guide. roku.com. February 11, 2015. June 15, 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20120615030105/http://sdkdocs.roku.com/display/RokuSDKv43/Developer+Guide. live.
48. Web site: Budget-friendly Roku LT pops up at the FCC as the 2400X (Updated with pics) . Engadget . O'Brien . Terrence . September 27, 2011 . November 11, 2011 . Inside is the same Broadcom 2835 SOC that powers the Roku 2 XD, XS, and HD . October 31, 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20111031073804/http://www.engadget.com/2011/09/27/budget-friendly-roku-lt-pops-up-at-the-fcc-as-the-2400x . live .
49. Web site: New Roku HD player hits the FCC with composite out, new remote, does away with microSD storage . Wireless Goodness . March 15, 2012 . July 26, 2013 . May 28, 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20130528142449/http://www.wirelessgoodness.com/2012/03/15/new-roku-hd-player-hits-the-fcc-with-composite-out-new-remote-does-away-with-microsd-storage/ . dead .
50. Web site: Roku 2 line passes through the FCC with modest hardware updates and a reset button . Engadget . O'Brien . Terrence . June 29, 2011 . November 11, 2011 . Inside that tiny case is a new Broadcom 2835 SOC . January 31, 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180131102356/https://www.engadget.com/2011/06/29/roku-2-line-passes-through-the-fcc-with-modest-hardware-updates/ . live .
51. Web site: Roku 2 XS 3100R Streaming Media Adapter . Hearst Electronic Products and iSuppli . October 26, 2011 . November 11, 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120403044247/http://www2.electronicproducts.com/Roku_2_XS_3100R_Streaming_Media_Adapter-whatsinside_text-120.aspx . live . April 3, 2012 . The new design twist on the 3100R is the use of a Broadcom (BCM2835) A/V Processor. ... BCM2835MIPPG, TE1119 P31, 136664 B3 W (Die Marking: Logo, BCM2708, 2010) .
52. Web site: Roku. Roku. March 6, 2014. May 21, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220521121549/https://www.roku.com/. live.
53. Web site: TempConfidential_(3400, 3420)Internal photos_20120921 - Internal Photos FCC ID: TC2-R1005 Document ID 1799488. fccid.net. October 17, 2014. October 17, 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20141017233349/http://fccid.net/document.php?id=1799488. live.
54. Web site: Roku unveils new video-streaming stick in response to popularity of Google's Chromecast. Fox News. March 24, 2015. March 6, 2014. March 6, 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140306022856/http://www.foxnews.com/tech/2014/03/05/roku-unveils-new-video-streaming-stick-chromecast/. live.
55. Web site: Roku. Roku. Roku. February 29, 2016. March 5, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160305103205/https://support.roku.com/hc/en-us/articles/208756518-Netflix-Help. live.
56. Web site: Roku Streaming Stick . Roku . Roku . bot: unknown . https://web.archive.org/web/20160923015253/https://www.roku.com/products/streaming-stick . 2016-09-23 .
57. Web site: Roku Streaming Stick (3600R) . wikidevi.com . September 26, 2016 . January 31, 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180131110305/https://wikidevi.com/wiki/Roku_Streaming_Stick_(3600R) . dead .
58. Web site: Roku3600b.png . Roku.com . September 26, 2016 . February 1, 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180201003350/https://wikidevi.com/wiki/File:Roku3600b.png . dead .
59. Web site: Roku 4 . Roku . Roku . bot: unknown . https://web.archive.org/web/20160923015343/https://www.roku.com/products/roku-4 . 2016-09-23 .
60. Web site: Roku 4 Tear Down. Brian. Amazon. August 9, 2016. March 7, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210307212134/https://www.amazon.com/gp/customer-reviews/R3U2GL9YO3HPJN. live.
61. Web site: Hardware Specifications. Roku Developers. 2024-07-13.
62. Web site: FCCID. FCC. January 31, 2019. January 31, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190131145514/https://fccid.io/TC2-R1012/Internal-Photos/TempConfidential-1672011R-Internal-Photograph-3138707. live.
63. Web site: Sixth Gen Processors . May 12, 2018 . Roku . May 12, 2018 . May 13, 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180513151836/https://sdkdocs.roku.com/display/sdkdoc/The+Roku+Channel+Developer+Program/ . live .
64. Web site: Roku Express (3900) . October 7, 2017 . Roku . https://web.archive.org/web/20171007114402/https://www.roku.com/products/roku-express . October 7, 2017.
65. Web site: Roku Express+ (3910) . October 7, 2017 . Roku . https://web.archive.org/web/20171007114511/https://www.roku.com/products/roku-express-plus . October 7, 2017.
66. Web site: Roku Streaming Stick (3800) . October 7, 2017 . Roku . https://web.archive.org/web/20171007114543/https://www.roku.com/products/streaming-stick . October 7, 2017.
67. Web site: Roku Streaming Stick+ (3810) . October 7, 2017 . Roku . https://web.archive.org/web/20171007114759/https://www.roku.com/products/streaming-stick-plus . October 7, 2017.
68. Web site: Roku Ultra (4660) . October 7, 2017 . Roku . https://web.archive.org/web/20171007115023/https://www.roku.com/products/roku-ultra . October 7, 2017.
69. Web site: Roku Premiere+ Teardown. https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211102/J2KGYDw-q-4. 2021-11-02 . live. July 11, 2017. www.youtube.com.
70. https://www.wired.com/2014/01/roku-tv Roku TV is the first Smart TV worth using
71. News: Norvell . Seana . Roku Announces Limited Edition onn.™ • Roku TV and Limited Edition $18 Roku SE Player Exclusively at Walmart for Black . 21 October 2021 . Bloomberg.com . 14 November 2019 . en . October 21, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211021175341/https://www.bloomberg.com/press-releases/2019-11-14/roku-announces-limited-edition-onn-roku-tv-and-limited-edition-18-roku-se-player-exclusively-at-walmart-for-black . live .
72. Web site: Announcing the Roku TV Ready program . 2022-07-25 . Roku . en . July 25, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220725035102/https://www.roku.com/blog/roku-tv-ready . live .
73. News: Roku says it tops other manufacturers in smart TVs sold. January 9, 2021. Keys. Matthews. The Desk. January 9, 2021. April 20, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230420211156/https://thedesk.net/2021/01/roku-tv-operating-system-dominant-us-canada/. live.
74. News: Winslow . George . Roku, Element Electronics Take Streaming Outdoors With New Outdoor TV . TV Tech . 2022-05-19 . 2022-05-19 . May 19, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220519190656/https://www.tvtechnology.com/news/roku-element-electronics-take-streaming-outdoors-with-new-outdoor-tv . live .
75. News: Satin . David . March 10, 2023 . Roku Tabs Best Buy to Become Exclusive Retail Partner of Smart TV Line . en . The Streamable . 2023-04-07 . April 7, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230407185633/https://thestreamable.com/news/roku-tabs-best-buy-to-become-exclusive-retail-partner-of-smart-tv-line . live .
76. Web site: Roku Bows Online Store . https://web.archive.org/web/20150611091941/http://connection.ebscohost.com/c/articles/45544001/roku-bows-online-content-store . dead . June 11, 2015 . Home Media Magazine . November 23, 2009 . June 14, 2011.
77. Web site: Developers . Roku . July 26, 2013 . July 22, 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20130722130547/http://www.roku.com/developer . live .
78. Web site: How to add a non-certified channel to your Roku streaming device . Roku.com . https://web.archive.org/web/20200815141951/https://support.roku.com/article/208756738 . August 15, 2020 . January 15, 2020.
79. News: Roku's free, ad-supported streaming channel is now live on the web. TechCrunch. 2018-08-09. August 9, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180809034220/https://techcrunch.com/2018/08/08/rokus-free-ad-supported-streaming-channel-is-now-live-on-the-web/. live.
80. News: Roku's free streaming service is now available on the web. The Verge. 2018-08-09. August 9, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180809014141/https://www.theverge.com/2018/8/8/17666306/rokus-channel-free-streaming-service-web. live.
81. Web site: Roku's new channel with free movies and TV goes live for all. Perez. Sarah. October 11, 2017. TechCrunch. January 17, 2022. April 20, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230420211155/https://techcrunch.com/2017/10/11/rokus-new-channel-with-free-movies-and-tv-goes-live-for-all/. live.
82. Web site: Goren. Or. 2020-04-07. "The Roku Channel" Goes Live In The UK: Free Movies And TV. 2020-06-03. Cord Busters. June 3, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200603065003/https://www.cordbusters.co.uk/the-roku-channel-goes-live-uk/. live.
83. Web site: Porter. Jon. 2021-01-08. Quibi's library will live on through the Roku Channel. 2021-01-10. The Verge. en. September 11, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220911203642/https://www.theverge.com/2021/1/8/22220426/quibi-roku-channel-acquisition-content. live.
84. News: Flint. Benjamin Mullin and Joe. 2021-01-08. Roku Acquires Rights to Quibi's Content. en-US. The Wall Street Journal. 2021-01-10. 0099-9660. August 21, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220821005500/https://www.wsj.com/articles/roku-acquires-rights-to-quibi-s-content-11610116056. live.
85. Web site: Keck. Catie. April 21, 2021. Roku Wisely Rebrands Its Soon-to-Debut Quibi Content as 'Roku Originals'. April 30, 2021. Gizmodo. July 16, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220716080635/https://gizmodo.com/roku-wisely-rebrands-its-soon-to-debut-quibi-content-as-1846733852. live.
86. News: Hitt. Tarpley. 2020-08-22. From Terrorists to Bill O'Reilly: Inside the Deep, Dark Roku Underworld. en. The Daily Beast. 2020-09-18. September 20, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200920025148/https://www.thedailybeast.com/inside-the-deep-dark-roku-underworld-featuring-terrorists-conspiracy-nuts-and-bill-oreilly. live.
87. News: Roku Device Sales Banned in Mexico Over Piracy. Spangler. Todd. 2017-06-30. Variety. 2017-07-03. December 23, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20171223142559/http://variety.com/2017/digital/news/roku-sales-banned-mexico-piracy-1202484188/. live.
88. News: Roku devices are coming back to Mexico after court ruling. The Verge. 2018-10-18. October 18, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20181018122323/https://www.theverge.com/circuitbreaker/2018/10/17/17989598/roku-devices-mexico-sales-back-piracy-concerns-court-ruling-streaming. live.
89. Web site: Roku Gets Tough on Pirate Channels, Warns Users * TorrentFreak. 2020-09-18. en. November 12, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201112045723/https://torrentfreak.com/roku-gets-tough-on-pirate-channels-warns-users-170815/. live.
90. News: Bouma . Luke . August 12, 2017 . Roku Is Cracking Down on Piracy . Cord Cutters News . November 3, 2017 . November 1, 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20171101010507/http://www.cordcuttersnews.com/roku-cracking-piracy/ . live .
91. News: Perez . Sarah . August 16, 2017 . Roku cracks down on private channels . . November 3, 2017 . November 2, 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20171102012409/https://techcrunch.com/2017/08/16/roku-cracks-down-on-private-channels/ . live .
92. News: Janko . Roettgers . May 15, 2018 . Roku Displayed FBI Warnings Instead of Netflix, YouTube Apps in Multi-Hour Outage . Variety . July 14, 2018 . July 14, 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180714164645/https://variety.com/2018/digital/news/roku-outage-fbi-warnings-1202811988/ . live .
93. News: Staff writer . May 17, 2018 . Did Roku Outage Reveal FBI Trouble With The Platform? . EconoTimes . July 14, 2018 . July 14, 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180714164418/https://www.econotimes.com/Did-Roku-Outage-Reveal-FBI-Trouble-With-The-Platform-1314686 . live .
94. News: How to add beta channels to a Roku streaming device in place of the discontinued 'private' channels. Johnson. Dave. 8 March 2022. Insider. 5 November 2022. November 5, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221105234611/https://www.businessinsider.com/guides/streaming/roku-private-channels. live.
95. Web site: Hayes. Dade. 2020-09-18. Roku And Peacock Clash Over Carriage; NBCUniversal TV Everywhere Apps Set To Go Dark. 2020-09-18. Deadline. en-US. October 29, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201029104439/https://deadline.com/2020/09/roku-and-peacock-clash-over-carriage-nbcuniversal-tv-everywhere-apps-set-to-go-dark-1234579486/. live.
96. Web site: Hayes. Dade. 2020-09-18. Peacock Will Stream On Roku As Deal Ends Distribution Squawk. 2020-09-20. Deadline. en-US. September 20, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200920012051/https://deadline.com/2020/09/peacock-will-stream-on-roku-as-deal-ends-distribution-squawk-1234579804/. live.
97. News: Flint. Joe. Rizzo. Lillian. 2020-05-27. HBO Max Is Left Out of Amazon's, Roku's Platforms at Launch. en-US. The Wall Street Journal. 2020-09-18. 0099-9660. May 27, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200527170058/https://www.wsj.com/articles/hbo-max-leaves-at-t-at-odds-with-amazon-and-roku-11590597190. live.
98. Web site: Hersko. Tyler. 2020-08-15. Here's Why HBO Max and Peacock Still Aren't on Roku, Fire TV — Analysis. 2020-09-18. IndieWire. en. September 24, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200924171125/https://www.indiewire.com/2020/08/heres-why-hbo-max-peacock-arent-on-roku-fire-tv-1234580129/. live.
99. News: Spangler. Todd. December 16, 2020. HBO Max Is Launching on Roku, After Device Maker and WarnerMedia Finally Bury the Hatchet. Variety. December 16, 2020. December 16, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201216213131/https://variety.com/2020/digital/news/hbo-max-launch-roku-warnermedia-1234864416/. live.
100. Web site: May 2021. Daniel Frankel 19. Spectrum TV App Blackout on Roku: What's Happening and Why?. 2021-05-25. NextTV. en. May 25, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210525191403/https://www.nexttv.com/news/charters-spectrum-tv-app-blackout-on-roku-edges-toward-the-two-month-mark. live.
101. News: Video Charter, Roku reach new carriage deal for Spectrum TV app. Munson. Ben. 17 August 2021. FierceVideo. 27 August 2021. August 27, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210827032725/https://www.fiercevideo.com/video/charter-roku-reach-new-carriage-deal-for-spectrum-tv-app. live.
102. Web site: Welch. Chris. 2021-04-30. Roku and YouTube TV are now in an all-out public showdown. 2021-05-08. The Verge. en. May 8, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210508163736/https://www.theverge.com/22412430/roku-youtube-tv-google-feud-explainer-timeline. live.
103. Web site: Kelly. Makena. 2021-04-26. Roku could lose YouTube TV in standoff with Google. 2021-05-08. The Verge. en. May 8, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210508163735/https://www.theverge.com/2021/4/26/22403740/roku-youtube-tv-google-standoff-competition-negotiations-contract. live.
104. Web site: Welch. Chris. 2021-04-30. Roku and YouTube TV are now in an all-out public showdown. 2021-08-08. The Verge. en. May 8, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210508163736/https://www.theverge.com/22412430/roku-youtube-tv-google-feud-explainer-timeline. live.
105. Web site: 2021-05-07. As dispute continues, YouTube TV channels integrated into YouTube app on Roku. 2021-08-08. The Desk. en-US. August 8, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210808073247/https://thedesk.net/2021/05/roku-youtube-tv-native-youtube-app/. live.
106. Web site: Kastrenakes . Jacob . Roku settles YouTube dispute and locks down apps in 'multi-year' deal . The Verge . 2022-07-04 . en . 2021-12-08 . July 5, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220705192541/https://www.theverge.com/2021/12/8/22823949/roku-google-youtube-tv-deal-multiyear-extension . live .