Roger Noble Burnham Explained

Roger Noble Burnham
Birth Date:10 August 1876
Birth Place:Hingham, Massachusetts, United States
Death Place:Los Angeles, California, United States
Known For:Sculpture
Training:Harvard University
Caroline Hunt Rimmer
Karl Bitter
George Brewster
Notable Works:The Trojan
Boston City Hall Annex figures
Rudolph Valentino Memorial

Roger Noble Burnham (August 10, 1876 – March 14, 1962) was an American sculptor and teacher. He is best remembered for creating The Trojan (1930), the unofficial mascot of the University of Southern California.

Life and career

He was the eldest of the four children of Arthur Burnham and Katharine Bray.[1] His father was an 1870 graduate of Harvard University, and a Boston banker.[1] He grew up just outside Boston, and attended the Robert G. Shaw School and The Hale School for Boys.

Burnham studied art and architecture at Harvard, graduating in 1899. He studied privately with Caroline Hunt Rimmer,[2] and opened his own sculpture studio in Boston, specializing in portrait works. He moved to New York City in 1903, to work on the sculpture program for the 1904 St. Louis World's Fair, under Karl Bitter. He assisted George Brewster on twenty relief portrait medallions for the exterior of the Fair's Palace of Fine Arts, now the St. Louis Art Museum.[3]

Burnham graduated from the American Academy of Dramatic Arts in Los Angeles in 1907,[4] and made an extended 1908 tour of the South and Southwest in a production of Richard Brinsley Sheridan's The Rivals.[5] He worked as an actor in early Hollywood films,[6] and later performed Shakespeare, in Los Angeles.[7]

He returned to Boston, and taught modeling at Harvard's School of Architecture from 1913 to 1917. He was chairman of the Cambridge, Massachusetts Chapter of the Boy Scouts of America,[8] and moved to Hawaii in June 1917, to establish Boy Scout troops in the U.S. territory.[5] He taught at the Otis Art Institute in Los Angeles from 1926 to 1932.

The Trojan

See main article: Tommy Trojan. The Trojan (1930)—officially named the Trojan Shrine, but affectionately called "Tommy Trojan"—is a monument on the University of Southern California campus. The university's athletic teams are the USC Trojans.

The monument consists of a life size bronze warrior, wearing a championship belt and pleated skirt, a mohawk-plumed helmet, shin guards and sandals. He wields the Sword of Knowledge in one hand, and holds the Shield of Courage in the other. The figure stands upon a concrete pedestal, with inscriptions, bronze relief panels, and a Greek key border. The front of the base features the bronze seal of the university, with "The Trojan" inscribed above it, and words listing the traits of an ideal Trojan inscribed below it: "Faithful," "Scholarly," "Skillful," "Courageous," "Ambitious." The left side of the base features a bronze relief panel representing athletics. The right side of the base features a bronze relief panel representing scholarship. The rear of the base features an incised flaming torch, and a bronze plaque with a quote in Latin and English.

Burnham's primary models for the figure were All-American USC football players Russ Saunders (head and upper half) and Erny Pinckert (lower half).[9]

Military monuments

Burnham was living in Honolulu in April 1918, when the United States entered World War I, and joined the Hawaii National Guard.[10] Soon after the armistice, he designed a war memorial for the entrance to the city's Kapiolani Park.[11] "It consists of three figures, the central one typifying Liberty while beneath are a Hawaiian warrior and a Hawaiian maiden. The warrior offers his spear while the maiden extends in outstretched hands a lei."[12] Instead of a formal monument with sculpture, the Waikiki Natatorium War Memorial (1927) was built at Waikiki Beach.[13]

He was commissioned to create a statue of Frank Luke, Jr. (1930), for the grounds of the Arizona State Capitol in Phoenix. An ace U.S. Army pilot who died in World War I, Second Lieutenant Luke was posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor. A bronze plaque on the rear of the monument's base lists the names of the other 318 Arizonans who died in the war.[14] The monument was dedicated on Armistice Day, 1930. Luke Air Force Base, in Glendale, Arizona, was named for the pilot in 1941.

Burnham took leave from Harvard to serve in the Massachusetts Naval Reserve during the Spanish-American War.[15] More than fifty years later, he created The Spirit of '98 (1950), the United Spanish War Veterans Memorial for the Sawtelle Veterans Home in Los Angeles County. It featured a tall, stepped concrete base, with marble figures of a soldier and sailor flanking a hooded goddess figure holding a torch. Burnham's marble statues were toppled in a 1971 earthquake. The memorial was restored with fiberglass replicas of the statues by sculptor David Wilkins,[16] and relocated to Los Angeles National Cemetery.

He created the bronze statue of General Douglas MacArthur for the MacArthur Monument (1955), in Los Angeles's MacArthur Park.

Other works

Architect Edward T. P. Graham designed the 10-story Boston City Hall Annex (1912-1914), and Burnham (Graham's Harvard classmate) was given the commission to model four colossal figures for its 9th story cornice.

Needing some strong vertical projections to carry the lines of the four large Corinthian columns on the front into the attic story, Mr. Edward T. P. Graham, architect of the Annex, decided to use partially attached human figures. Keeping their architectural character in mind, the sculptor designed the figures with a certain stiffness and with emphasis upon the vertical lines of the Greek drapery. The proportions, particularly of the faces, were modified to meet the fact that the figures would be seen from far below and foreshortened.
Four standing figures, each 16 feet high and projecting 3 feet 2 inches from the building. Of reinforced concrete to match the limestone of the building.
By Roger Noble Burnham. Contracted for by the commission at $8,000, July 29, 1913.[17]
The four goddess figures were cast in concrete and hollow (to reduce their weight). Even so, each figure weighed approximately 8 tons (7.26 metric tonnes), and needed to be hoisted more than up to the cornice.[18] Burnham's figures were deemed unsafe,[19] and destroyed in the process of removing them from the façade, in 1947.[5]

Following the 1926 premature death of silent screen star Rudolph Valentino, Los Angeles City Council initially opposed the creation of a public monument to him.[20] The city eventually relented, and approved the erection of a memorial fountain in Hollywood's De Longpre Park.[20] Burnham's fountain sculpture was an Art Deco male nude, Aspiration.[21] Made of bronze and covered with gold-leaf, the streamlined figure looked skyward while standing upon a black marble globe. Its cubical black marble base featured an inscription: "Erected in Memory of / RUDOLPH VALENTINO / 1895 - 1926 / Presented by His Friends and / Admirers from Every Walk of / Life and in All Parts of the World / in Appreciation of the Happi- / ness Brought to Them by His / Cinema Portrayals." The fountain was dedicated May 6, 1930, on what would have been Valentino's 35th birthday.[22]

The Astronomers Monument (1934), at Griffith Observatory, Los Angeles, was built by the Public Works of Art Project of the New Deal. Designed by sculptor Archibald Garner, it is a hexagonal cast concrete obelisk, crowned by a bronze armillary sphere. Above its star-shaped base are six V-shaped recesses, in each of which stands a cast concrete Art Deco statue of an astronomer from history. The figures are approximately in height, and each was modeled by a different sculptor. Burnham created the John Herschel figure. The monument was dedicated November 25, 1934.

Will Rogers, an Oklahoma cowboy who became a nationally known humorist and movie star, died in an August 15, 1935 plane crash. Under contract to 20th Century Fox, the studio decided to name its new sound stage for Rogers, and commissioned Burnham to create a memorial plaque.[23] The dedication was November 23, 1935, and the bronze portrait plaque was unveiled by 7-year-old Shirley Temple, Rogers's intended co-star for their next movie.[24]

Burnham created a number of medals for the Medallic Art Company in New York City,[25] and figurines of his sculptures were mass produced by Roxor Studios in Chicago.[26] One early figurine was Speed Demon (1919), which featured a threaded screw hole for mounting as an automobile hood ornament.[27] The Spirit of Rotary (1920) was marketed to members of Rotary International, and Dedication to Service (1921) to members of Kiwanas International. One of his best-selling figurines was The Trojan (1930), marketed to USC alumni.

At age 78, Burnham worked on a science exhibit for Disneyland.[28] The centerpiece of Monsanto's Hall of Chemistry was the Chemitron (1955): a giant ring of eight, clear plastic test tubes—each about in height—that individually spun as the entire ring rotated.[29] He modeled anthropomorphic figures representing the eight ingredients used to make plastics: Air, Coal, Limestone, Oil, Phosphate, Salt, Sulphur, and Water. His figures were cast in colorful tinted plastic, and one was mounted atop each spinning test tube.[30]

Honors, exhibitions and awards

Burnham was a member of the Boston Architectural Club, the American Numismatic Society, the Honolulu Art Society, the Painters and Sculptors Club of Los Angeles,[31] and the Rotary Club of Los Angeles.

He exhibited at the 1911 Espoizione Internazionale d'arte in Rome.[32] The Copley Gallery in Boston hosted a one-man-show of his sculpture in early 1913.[33] He exhibited at the 1913 Salon of the Société des Artistes Français in Paris,[34] and the 1913 Exposition Internationale de Gand in Brussels.[34] The John Herron Art Institute in Indianapolis hosted a one-man-show of his sculpture in April/May 1914,[35] and he exhibited at the 1915 Panama-Pacific International Exhibition in San Francisco.[36] He exhibited the bust of his wife and a collection of medals at the 1914 exhibition at the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, in Philadelphia; and his door panels for the Forsyth Dental Infirmary at PAFA's 1917 exhibition.[37] His work was part of the sculpture competition of the 1932 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles.[38]

Burnham created the Henry O. Avery Prize for Sculpture medal (1904) for the Architectural League of New York, and became the first recipient of that medal. He won the 1912 national competition to design the University of California's scholarship medal. He created the Seal for the 1928 Pacific Southwest Exposition in Long Beach, California, and was awarded a Diploma of Honor at the exposition.[39] His portrait bust of poet Alfred Noyes was awarded First Prize at the Los Angeles County Museum of Art's 1944 annual exhibition.

Personal

Burnham married writer Eleanor Howard Waring (1868-1959), on June 18, 1909. Their honeymoon trip in a hot air balloon made the front page of The New York Times.[40]

He and his wife moved to Hawaii in June 1917.[5] She founded an amateur theatre group in Honolulu, the "Lanai Players," and directed the productions.[41] The couple left Hawaii in 1922, and lived in Berkeley, California for a couple years, before settling in Los Angeles.[42] Burnham found the view from Griffith Park inspiring, and built a studio "in a little dead-end place, perched almost on the Observatory grounds."[43]

Burnham was a religious man, and in 1951, "outlined a plan before his city's religious leaders in which he proposed to place a 150-ft. statue of the smiling Jesus upon a mountain towering over Hollywood."[44] The project was never built.

Eleanor and Roger Burnham were married for 50 years, until her death in 1959. He died three years later, in Los Angeles, following an extended illness.

Selected works

Portrait busts

Relief works

Architectural sculpture

Miniatures

Notes and References

  1. Harvard College Class of 1870 (Cambridge, MA: Riverside Press, 1905), p. 26.
  2. Opitz, Glenn B., ed., Mantle Fielding's Dictionary of American Painters, Sculptors & Engravers, Apollo Book, Poughkeepsie, NY, 1986.
  3. Secretary's Report: Harvard College Class of 1899, Volume 3 (Cambridge, MA: Riverside Press, 1909), p. 45.
  4. "Roger Noble Burnham," Catalogue of the International Exhibition of Contemporary Medals (New York: The American Numismatic Society, 1910), pp. 35-36.https://books.google.com/books?id=dEJmAAAAMAAJ&dq=Roger+Noble+Burnham&pg=PA32
  5. Kathryn Greenthal, Paula M. Kozol & Jan Seidler Ramirez, American Figurative Sculpture in the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston (Boston: Northeastern University Press, 1986), pp. 393-395.
  6. Andrew A. Aros and Richard Bertrand Dimmitt, An Actor Guide to the Talkies (Scarecrow Press, 1977), p. 319.
  7. "As You Like It" to be Given at Figueron Playhouse," The Eagle Rock Sentinel (Eagle Rock, Los Angeles), November 13, 1931, p. 8.
  8. Harvard Alumni Bulletin, vol. 19, no. 38 (June 28, 1917), p. 765.
  9. http://www.usctrojans.com/trads/usc-tommy.html Tommy Trojan
  10. "An Exhibition in Honolulu," The American Magazine of Art, Washington, D.C., vol. 9, no. 4 (February 1918), p. 164.
  11. "Hawaii's War Memorial," Hawaiian Almanac and Annual for 1920 (Honolulu, T.H.: Thomas G. Thrum, 1919), pp. 153-154.
  12. "Proposes Aid for Memorial Funds," The Pacific Commercial Advertiser (Honolulu), January 9, 1919, p. 1.
  13. Brian Ireland, "Remembering and Forgetting at The Waikiki War Memorial Park and Natatorium," The Hawaiian Journal of History. vol. 39 (Honolulu, HI: Hawaiian Historical Society, 2005), pp. 53-74.
  14. "Frank Luke Memorial to Bear Names of Arizona's War Dead," The Arizona Republican (Phoenix), July 8, 1930.
  15. Secretary's First Report, Harvard College Class of 1899 (Crimson Printing Company, 1902), p. 116.
  16. The Los Angeles Times, November 28, 1973.
  17. Documents of the City of Boston for the Year 1915, Volume 1 (City of Boston Printing Department, 1916), p. 28.
  18. D. B. Adams, "The Production in Concrete of Statues for Boston's New City Hall Annex," Concrete-Cement Age, vol. 4, no. 4 (April 1914), pp. 222-225.
  19. Anthony Mitchell Sammarco, Images of America: Boston's Financial District (Charleston, SC.: Arcadia Publishing, 2002.
  20. Tracy Ryan Terhune, Valentino Forever: The History of the Valentino Memorial Services (AuthorHouse, 2004), pp. 33-36.
  21. "Hollywood Shows Slight Interest in Statue to Rudolph Valentino," The Star-Gazette (Elmira, New York), May 7, 1930, p. 1.https://www.newspapers.com/clip/33360171/star-gazette/ from Newspapers.com.
  22. "Hollywood Unveils Its Memorial to Valentino," The New Movie Magazine, vol. 2, no. 1 (May 31, 1930), p. 95.https://archive.org/details/newmoviemagazine02weir/page/n100/mode/1up?view=theater
  23. http://www.thestudiotour.com/fox/stage08.php The Will Rogers Stage
  24. Brian B. & Frances N. Sterling, Will Rogers in Hollywood (Crown Publishers, 1984), p. 102.
  25. http://www.medalartists.com/burnham-roger-noble.html Burnham, Roger Noble
  26. Library of Congress, Catalogue of Copyright Entries, Part 4, Volume 17, for the Year 1922 (Washington, D.C., Government Printing Office, 1923), p. 614.https://books.google.com/books?id=jkgcAQAAIAAJ&dq=roxor+studios+chicago&pg=PA23
  27. https://www.worthpoint.com/worthopedia/vintage-art-deco-flying-lady-speed-482773522 Vintage Art Deco Flying Lady
  28. Dan J. Forrestal, Faith, Hope and $5,000: The Story of Monsanto (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1977), p. 170.
  29. https://www.flickr.com/photos/miehana/2362921233/in/photostream/ Chemitron (1955)
  30. Alastair Dallas, "Where Chemistry Works Wonders For You," Inventing Disneyland, September 27, 2018.https://www.inventingdisneyland.com/2018/09/#!/
  31. https://sova.si.edu/record/AAA.painscuc?s=0&n=10&t=C&q=Burnham%2C+Roger&i=1 Painters and Sculptors Club of Los Angeles
  32. Harrison Morris, Catalogue of the Collection of Pictures and Sculpture in the Pavilion of the United States of America at the Roman Art Exposition, 1911 (Roma: Foranzi & Company, 1911), p. 51.
  33. The Architectural Record, vol. 33 (1913), p. 380.
  34. "Alumni Notes," Harvard Alumni Bulletin, vol. 15, no. 32 (May 14, 1913), p. 533.
  35. John Herron Art Institute, Sculpture by Roger Noble Burnham: April 22 through May 31, 1914 (Indianapolis, IN: Art Association of Indianapolis, 1914.
  36. Official Catalogue of the Department of Fine Arts, Panama-Pacific International Exposition, San Francisco, California, 1915 (San Francisco: The Wahlgreen Company, 1915), pp. 231-232.
  37. Peter Hastings Falk, The Annual Exhibition Record of the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, Volume 2, 1914 - 1968 (Madison, CT: Sound View Press, 1989), p. 117.
  38. Web site: Roger Noble Burnham . Olympedia . August 10, 2020.
  39. John W. Ruckman, Story of an Epochal Event in the History of California: The Pacific Southwest Exposition, 1928 (Long Beach Chamber of Commerce, 1929), pp. 83, 235.
  40. "Their Honeymoon in Big Balloon," The New York Times, June 19, 1909, p. 1.https://www.nytimes.com/1909/06/19/archives/their-honeymoon-in-big-balloon-roger-n-burnham-sculptor-and-miss.html
  41. "At the Little and Experimental Theatres," Theatre Arts Magazine, vol. 3, no. 4 (October 1919), p. 306.
  42. Ed Herny, Shelley Rideout & Katie Wadell, Berkeley Bohemia: Artists and Visionaries of the Early Twentieth Century (Layton, UT: Gibbs Smith Publishers, 2008), p. 46.
  43. The Cambridge Historical Society, Publications, Volume 33 (Cambridge, MA: by the Society, 1949), p. 57.
  44. Concordia Theological Monthly, vol. 22 (1951), p. 619.
  45. "Review of the Morgan Classes at the Vermont State Fair of 1912," The Vermonter, vol. 17, no. 10 (October 1912), p. 645.
  46. The Arts, and American Art Student, vol. 2, no. 2 (November 1921), p. 97.https://books.google.com/books?id=yaADAAAAYAAJ&dq=Roger+Noble+Burnham+Dedication+to+Service&pg=PA97
  47. https://dl.library.ucla.edu/islandora/object/edu.ucla.library.specialCollections.latimes:6604 Sculptor Roger Noble Burnham with his portrait sculpture of botanist Luther Burbank, circa 1923
  48. Ada Kyle Lynch, Luther Burbank: Plant Lover and Citizen (San Francisco: Harr Wagner Publishing Company, 1924), p. 12.
  49. "Luther Burbank and Santa Rosa's Testimonial," The Architect and Engineer, vol. 77, no. 3 (June 1924), p. 108.https://books.google.com/books?id=iJhDAQAAIAAJ&dq=Hand+of+God+Roger+Noble+Burnham&pg=RA8-PA107
  50. News: Roger N. Burnham, Noted Sculptor, 85, Dies . August 24, 2020 . The Los Angeles Times (via newspapers.com, subscription required) . March 16, 1962.
  51. https://siris-artinventories.si.edu/ipac20/ipac.jsp?session=1616X672V9K07.5345&profile=ariall&source=~!siartinventories&view=subscriptionsummary&uri=full=3100001~!318825~!4&ri=26&aspect=Keyword&menu=search&ipp=20&spp=20&staffonly=&term=Burnham,+Roger&index=.AW&uindex=&aspect=Keyword&menu=search&ri=26 The Trojan
  52. https://siris-artinventories.si.edu/ipac20/ipac.jsp?session=1616X672V9K07.5345&profile=ariall&source=~!siartinventories&view=subscriptionsummary&uri=full=3100001~!336027~!5&ri=5&aspect=Keyword&menu=search&ipp=20&spp=20&staffonly=&term=Burnham,+Roger&index=.AW&uindex=&aspect=Keyword&menu=search&ri=5 Frank Luke, Jr.
  53. https://siris-artinventories.si.edu/ipac20/ipac.jsp?session=1616X672V9K07.5345&profile=ariall&source=~!siartinventories&view=subscriptionsummary&uri=full=3100001~!319027~!3&ri=11&aspect=Keyword&menu=search&ipp=20&spp=20&staffonly=&term=Burnham,+Roger&index=.AW&uindex=&aspect=Keyword&menu=search&ri=11 Aspiration
  54. "Roger N. Burnham, Noted Sculptor, 85, Taught at Harvard," The Boston Globe, March 16, 1962, p. 38.https://www.newspapers.com/clip/39954448/obituary-for-roger-noble-burnham-aged/
  55. https://siris-artinventories.si.edu/ipac20/ipac.jsp?session=1616X672V9K07.5345&profile=ariall&source=~!siartinventories&view=subscriptionsummary&uri=full=3100001~!318991~!9&ri=9&aspect=Keyword&menu=search&ipp=20&spp=20&staffonly=&term=Burnham,+Roger&index=.AW&uindex=&aspect=Keyword&menu=search&ri=9 Astronomers Monument
  56. https://siris-artinventories.si.edu/ipac20/ipac.jsp?session=1616X672V9K07.5345&profile=ariall&source=~!siartinventories&view=subscriptionsummary&uri=full=3100001~!335061~!10&ri=1&aspect=Keyword&menu=search&ipp=20&spp=20&staffonly=&term=Burnham,+Roger&index=.AW&uindex=&aspect=Keyword&menu=search&ri=1 United Spanish War Veterans Monument
  57. https://siris-artinventories.si.edu/ipac20/ipac.jsp?session=1616X672V9K07.5345&profile=ariall&source=~!siartinventories&view=subscriptionsummary&uri=full=3100001~!921~!7&ri=3&aspect=Keyword&menu=search&ipp=20&spp=20&staffonly=&term=Burnham,+Roger&index=.AW&uindex=&aspect=Keyword&menu=search&ri=3 Douglas MacArthur Memorial
  58. The Monumental News, vol. 8, no. 5 (May 1901), p. 292.
  59. https://npg.si.edu/object/npg_151-S-151?destination=edan-search/catalog_of_america%3Fedan_local%3D1%26edan_q%3DRoger%252BNoble%252BBurnham Frank Tenney Johnson
  60. https://siris-artinventories.si.edu/ipac20/ipac.jsp?session=1616X672V9K07.5345&profile=ariall&source=~!siartinventories&view=subscriptionsummary&uri=full=3100001~!31851~!2&ri=13&aspect=Keyword&menu=search&ipp=20&spp=20&staffonly=&term=Burnham,+Roger&index=.AW&uindex=&aspect=Keyword&menu=search&ri=13 Frank Tenney Johnson
  61. "Roger Noble Burnham," Who Was Who in American History: Arts and Letters (Chicago: Marquis Who's Who, 1975), p. 64.
  62. Los Angeles School Journal, vol. 20, no. 19 (1937), p. 24.
  63. https://calisphere.org/item/ark:/21198/zz002d9dck/ Roger Noble Burnham sculpting a bust of Frances Whitesell, circa 1935-1939
  64. Harvard Alumni Bulletin, vol. 46, no. 11 (June 28, 1944), pp. 340-341.
  65. https://siris-artinventories.si.edu/ipac20/ipac.jsp?session=1616X672V9K07.5345&profile=ariall&source=~!siartinventories&view=subscriptionsummary&uri=full=3100001~!11531~!0&ri=24&aspect=Keyword&menu=search&ipp=20&spp=20&staffonly=&term=Burnham,+Roger&index=.AW&uindex=&aspect=Keyword&menu=search&ri=24 Margaret Howard Stockett Berkley
  66. https://npg.si.edu/object/npg_XX.2.30?destination=edan-search/catalog_of_america%3Fedan_local%3D1%26edan_q%3DRoger%252BNoble%252BBurnham Margaret Howard Stockett Berkley
  67. https://siris-artinventories.si.edu/ipac20/ipac.jsp?session=1NP702M310407.6261&profile=ariall&source=~!siartinventories&view=subscriptionsummary&uri=full=3100001~!16049~!1&ri=1&aspect=Keyword&menu=search&ipp=20&spp=20&staffonly=&term=Burnham,+Roger&index=.AW&uindex=&aspect=Keyword&menu=search&ri=1 Fabian Fall
  68. Harvard College Class of 1910 (Cambridge, MA: Crimson Printing Co., 1911), p. 32.
  69. Eleanor Waring Burnham, Justin Morgan: Founder of His Race (New York: The Shakespeare Press, 1911), frontispiece.
  70. https://www.worthpoint.com/worthopedia/antique-bronze-sculpture-1912-rome-431715685 Perubo at the Piano
  71. https://siris-artinventories.si.edu/ipac20/ipac.jsp?session=1616X672V9K07.5345&profile=ariall&source=~!siartinventories&view=subscriptionsummary&uri=full=3100001~!9988~!6&ri=18&aspect=Keyword&menu=search&ipp=20&spp=20&staffonly=&term=Burnham,+Roger&index=.AW&uindex=&aspect=Keyword&menu=search&ri=18 Johann Ernst Perabo
  72. https://collections.mfa.org/objects/38018/johann-ernst-perabo?ctx=b9acf0ee-29c1-4325-baf8-43def63c1eaa&idx=4 Johann Ernst Perabo
  73. "Uncle Remus Memorial," Sky-Land Magazine, vol. 1, no. 8 (July 1914), pp. 448-449.
  74. Myrta Lockett Avary, Joel Chandler Harris (Atlanta, GA: Uncle Remus Memorial Association, 1913), pp. 36-37.https://books.google.com/books?id=pdtCAAAAIAAJ&dq=Roger+N.+Burnham+Lowry&pg=PA37
  75. Lucian Lamar Knight, Georgia's Landmarks, Memorials and Legends, Volume 2 (Atlanta: The Byrd Printing Company, 1914), pp. 239, 241.
  76. https://www.punahou.edu/building-facilities-detail?pk=158221 Castle Hall
  77. Florence N. Levy, ed., Who's Who in Art, Volume 20 (Washington, D.C.: American Federation of Arts, 1923), pp. 461-462.https://books.google.com/books?id=hcJNAQAAIAAJ&dq=Carrington+Mason+Memorial+Memphis&pg=RA2-PP26
  78. Harvard Alumni Bulletin (Cambridge, MA: Harvard Alumni Association, 1944), p. 340.
  79. "Decorations for a Children's Hospital," Art and Progress, vol. 4, no. 8 (June 1916), p. 288.
  80. The Mother and The Commonwealth, in Charles Zueblin, American Municipal Progress (New York: The MacMillan Company, 1920), frontispiece.https://archive.org/details/americanmunicip02zuebgoog/page/n7/mode/2up
  81. Agnes Edwards, "Sculpture and the Child," The House Beautiful, vol. 40, no. 2 (July 1916), pp. 87-88.
  82. Granite, Marble & Bronze, vol. 30, no. 11 (November 1920), p. 48.
  83. https://www.ncpedia.org/monument/susan-williams-graham Susan Williams Graham Memorial Fountain
  84. Sixty-Eighth Annual Report of the Hawaiian Mission Children's Society, 1920 (Honolulu: Paradise of the Pacific Press, 1920), p. 61.
  85. E. V. Warinner, "Cherilla A. Lowrey Memorial Fountain," The Friend (Honolulu), vol. 88, no. 7 (July 1919), pp. 153-154.https://books.google.com/books?id=V-bkAAAAMAAJ&dq=Roger+Noble+Burnham+trust&pg=PA154
  86. "Glee Clubs to Compete," The Friend vol. 94, no. 4 (April 1924), p. 96.
  87. California Southland, vol. 7, no. 67 (July 1925), p. 4.
  88. https://tessa.lapl.org/cdm/ref/collection/photos/id/111156 Burnham posing with his 1928 Pacific Northwest Exhibition Plaque
  89. Library of Congress, Catalogue of Copyright Entries, Part 4, Works of Art, Volume 22, for the Year 1928 (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1929), p. 134.
  90. https://www.worthpoint.com/worthopedia/rudolf-valentino-relief-sculpture-52568993 Rudolph Valentino Relief Sculpture
  91. The Los Angeles Times, June 28, 1931.
  92. "Remembering Will Rogers, who was born on this day in 1879," Tulsa World, November 4, 2020.
  93. https://livingnewdeal.org/projects/alexander-hamilton-high-school-plaque-los-angeles-ca/ Alexander Hamilton Plaque
  94. Motion Picture Magazine, vol. 55-56 (1938), pp. 45-46.
  95. "San Pedro Library," Wilson Library Bulletin, vol. 24, (1949), p. 500.
  96. https://calisphere.org/item/8931ee7f14801e6fc7d952159df060a5/ Exterior of San Pedro Branch Library, circa 1949
  97. Architectural League of New York, Catalogue of the Nineteenth Annual Exhibition (New York: Architectural Press, 1904), p. 39.https://books.google.com/books?id=H3IXAQAAIAAJ&dq=1904+Avery+Prize+Architectural+league+of+New+York&pg=RA1-PA39
  98. https://www.worthpoint.com/worthopedia/roger-noble-burnham-medallion-relief-135739835 USC Scholarship Medal
  99. "California University Confers 679 Degrees," San Jose Daily Mercury, May 24, 1912, p. 10.
  100. https://collections.mfa.org/objects/37903/university-of-california-scholarship-medal?ctx=b9acf0ee-29c1-4325-baf8-43def63c1eaa&idx=3 Scholarship Medal
  101. https://www.liveauctioneers.com/item/3613894_1279-roger-noble-burnham-american-1876-1962-speed Speed Demon
  102. The Rotarian, vol. 16, no. 6 (June 1920), p. 314.
  103. Thirteenth Annual Convention of Rotary International, Los Angeles, California, June 5–9, 1922 (Chicago: Rotary International, 1922), pp. 286-287.
  104. https://siris-artinventories.si.edu/ipac20/ipac.jsp?session=1617042LS6K00.6446&profile=ariall&source=~!siartinventories&view=subscriptionsummary&uri=full=3100001~!355817~!8&ri=1&aspect=Keyword&menu=search&ipp=20&spp=20&staffonly=&term=Burnham,+Roger&index=.AW&uindex=&aspect=Keyword&menu=search&ri=1 Dedication to Service
  105. https://www.liveauctioneers.com/item/68910611_roger-noble-burnham-american-1876-1962 Dedication to Service
  106. Library of Congress, Catalogue of Copyright Entries, Part 4, Volume 16, for the Year 1921 (Washington, D.C., Government Printing Office, 1921), p. 13471.https://books.google.com/books?id=19siAQAAMAAJ&dq=Burnham+Dedication+to+service+statuette&pg=RA2-PA272
  107. "Dedication to Service," The Kiwanis Magazine, vol. 6, no. 5 (December 1921), p. 36.https://books.google.com/books?id=Uy4wAQAAMAAJ&dq=Roger+Noble+Burnham+Friendliness&pg=RA4-PA36
  108. https://www.liveauctioneers.com/item/51847108_california-faience-art-tile-profile-of-a-beauty California Faience
  109. https://www.liveauctioneers.com/item/36373731_5-reliefs Mother and Daughter
  110. https://www.liveauctioneers.com/item/2214393_300-exposition-medal-long-beach-1928 Exposition Medal Long Beach 1928
  111. https://www.worthpoint.com/worthopedia/collectible-bronze-trojan-statue-426795668 The Trojan
  112. https://www.worthpoint.com/worthopedia/rare-douglas-macarthur-statue-roger-noble Douglas MacArthur

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