Scandoromani Explained

Scandoromani
States:	Norway, Sweden, Denmark
Speakers:	c. 100–150
Date:	2014
Speakers2:	Speakers mostly elderly. More people speak Swedish with some Roma vocabulary.
Familycolor:	mixed
Family:	Para-Romani, mixed Romani–Scandinavian
Nation:	recognised minority language in (1993) (1999)
Lc1:	rmg
Ld1:	Traveller Norwegian
Lc2:	rmu
Ld2:	Tavringer Romani (Sweden)
Lc3:	rmd
Ld3:	Traveller Danish
Glotto:	trav1236
Glottoname:	Norwegian
Glottorefname:	Traveller Norwegian
Glotto2:	tavr1235
Glottoname2:	Swedish
Glottorefname2:	Tavringer Romani
Glotto3:	trav1237
Glottoname3:	Danish
Glottorefname3:	Traveller Danish
Notice:	IPA

Scandoromani is a North Germanic based Para-Romani language. It is spoken by the Scandinavian Romanisæl Travellers, a Romani minority community, in Norway (c. 100–150 elderly speakers), and formerly in Sweden.

Subforms are referred to as:

• Traveller Norwegian (tavringens rakripa, lit. 'Traveller's language'),^{[1] [2]} Norwegian: Norwegian: romani or Norwegian: norsk romani (Norwegian Romani), in Norway (the Romani language of the Norwegian Roma is referred to as Norwegian: romanes in Norwegian);
• Tavringer Romani,^[3] Traveller Swedish or Tattare,^[4] Swedish: Swedish: svensk romani (Swedish Romani), in Sweden;
• Traveller Danish^[5] in Denmark.

Like Angloromani in Britain and Caló in Spain, Scandoromani draws upon a (now extinct) vocabulary of inflected Romani. Much of the original Romani grammar, however, has been lost to the users, and they now communicate in Swedish or Norwegian grammar.

There is no standardised form of Scandoromani, so variations exist in vocabulary, pronunciation, and usage, depending on the speaker. In print, Scandoromani words are often written with Swedish (S) or Norwegian (N) letters (ä, æ, ø, å) and letter combinations to represent Romani sounds, e.g., tj- (pronounced as /link/) or kj- (pronounced as /link/ alt. pronounced as /link/) to represent the Romani č pronounced as /link/ and čh pronounced as /link/. Some examples of Scandoromani variant spellings are: (S) / (N) 'knife'; (S) / (N) 'horse'.

See also

• Finnish Kalo language
• Para-Romani

Suggested further reading

• Book: Baardsen. Gjest. Gjest Baardsen. Vandrings- eller skøiersprog; med tillegg av F. L. Hartman og N. Olsen.. Ord og sed. 132. Oslo. Noregs boklag Helge Refsum. no. 1948.
• Web site: Samling af de mest forrekommende Ord i det saakaldte Vandrings eller Skøiersprog. Baardsen. Gjest. January 26, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20160330212231/http://digitalarkivet.no/sab/taterspraaket.htm. March 30, 2016. Digital Archives.
• Book: Hancock, Ian. Ian Hancock. Håkon Jahr. Ernst. The social and linguistic development of Scandoromani. Language Contact: Theoretical and Empirical Studies. Trends in Linguistics: Studies and Monographs. 60. Berlin, New York. Mouton de Gruyter. 1992. 37–52. 3-11-012802-0.
• Book: Iversen, Ragnvald. Ragnvald Iversen. The Rodi (Rotwelsch) in Norway. Secret languages in Norway. 2. Oslo. I Kommisjon Hos Jacob Dybwad. 1945.
• Book: Karlsen, Ludvig. Romani-folkets ordbok : [tavringens rakripa : de reisendes språk : romani-norsk-engelsk]. Oslo. 1993. rmg, no, en. 8299236312.
• Book: Lindell. Lenny.

  sv:Lenny Lindell

  . Thorbjörnsson-Djerf. Kenth. Gerd. Carling. Ordbok över svensk romani: Resandefolkets språk och sånger. 2008. Podium. Stockholm. sv. 978-91-89196-43-8 . (A lexicon and grammatical overview of Tavringer Romani; includes several Traveller song texts in extenso)
• Sigøjnersprog i Danmark. Danske Studier. Miskow. Johan. 97–145. Brøndal. Viggo. 1923. da.
• The Gypsy Language of Denmark. Journal of the American Oriental Society. Dyneley Prince. J.. 45. 97–105. 1925. 10.2307/593478 . 593478 .

External links

• • Norwegian Romani Dictionary
• Examples of Tavringer Romani text from the websites of the Swedish Parliament and the Swedish Language Council

Notes and References

1. Web site: Tavringens Rakripa: Romanifolkets Ordbok. Karlsen. Ludvig. Landsorganisasjonen for Romanifolket. no, rmg. November 18, 2008. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20080517183211/http://www.lor.no/lor/spraak.htm. May 17, 2008.
2. Web site: Traveller Norwegian in the Language Cloud. Ethnologue. en. 2019-09-03.
3. Web site: Tavringer Romani in the Language Cloud. Ethnologue. en. 2019-09-03.
4. Web site: Tavringer Romani. LLOW Language Server. January 26, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20110615065020/http://languageserver.uni-graz.at/ls/lang?id=4511. June 15, 2011.
5. Web site: Traveller Danish. Ethnologue. en. 2019-09-03.