| Honorific Prefix: | The Right Honourable |
| The Earl of Balfour | |
| Earl of Balfour | |
| Predecessor: | Gerald Balfour, 4th Earl of Balfour |
| Birth Name: | Roderick Arthur Francis Balfour |
| Birth Date: | 9 December 1948 |
| Birth Place: | London, England |
| Parents: | Eustace Balfour Anne Yule |
Roderick Arthur Francis Balfour, 5th Earl of Balfour (born 9 December 1948), is a British peer and businessman.
Balfour was born on 9 December 1948 in London to Eustace Arthur Goschen Balfour and his wife, Anne (née Yule). Eustace Balfour was the son of Francis Balfour, nephew of Prime Minister Arthur Balfour, the first Earl of Balfour. He was educated at Eton College.
On 14 July 1971, Balfour married Lady Tessa Mary Isabel Fitzalan-Howard, eldest daughter of Miles Fitzalan-Howard, 17th Duke of Norfolk. They have four children:
On 27 June 2003, Balfour succeeded his second cousin once removed Gerald as the Earl of Balfour. As he has no sons, his brother, the Hon. Charles George Yule Balfour (born 1951), is the heir presumptive.