Rocky Fire Explained

Rocky Fire
Area:69438acres
Coordinates:38.89°N -122.476°W
Pushpin Map:USA California
Pushpin Map Alt:The Rocky Fire is marked on the map north of the Bay Area in Northern California
Pushpin Map Caption:The general location of the Rocky Fire in Northern California
Buildings:96 (8 damaged)
Evacuated:~13,000
Cause:Faulty water heater
Image Map Alt:The Rocky Fire footprint is shown in bright orange as an irregular circle, bounded by CA 16 and CA 20 with Clear Lake to the west and Interstate 5 to the east
Image Map Caption:The Rocky Fire's footprint east of Clear Lake

The Rocky Fire was a large wildfire in Lake, Colusa, and Yolo counties in Northern California in 2015. The fire burned 69438acres between its ignition on July 29 and its full containment on August 14. Caused by a malfunctioning water heater being used for illegal cannabis cultivation, the fire destroyed 96 structures and was the fifth largest fire of the 2015 wildfire season in California, during which 8,283 wildfires burned a total of 880899acres.[1]

Background

The Rocky Fire burn area largely comprised rough terrain with oak woodlands, grasslands, and chaparral,[2] and it had no prior wildfire history going back "several decades", according to the California Governor's Office of Emergency Services.[3] This absence was partly attributable to fire suppression policies that prevented wildfires from periodically reducing the build-up of vegetation.[4] Dense chaparral—more than 6abbr=outNaNabbr=out tall in some areas—had flourished in the meantime, providing plentiful fuel for fire growth.[5] A multiple-year drought then began in 2011. Moisture levels in chamise brush, one of the vegetation types that characterized the Rocky Fire burn area, reached near-record lows by the onset of the fire in July despite the driest months of the year typically being September and October.

California's 2015 wildfire season was characterized by aggressive fires that, aided by drought conditions, persisted through the night when they were expected to reduce in intensity. By August 8, as the Rocky Fire was underway, the amount of state land burned in wildfires was more than double the five-year average.[6] The Rocky Fire was one of 52 wildfires to exceed 40000acres in the United States in 2015.

Progression

The Rocky Fire began at a property on Morgan Valley Road, east of Clearlake in Lake County, at about 3:30 p.m. PDT on Wednesday, July 29, when a gas-powered water heater in an outbuilding caught fire and set nearby vegetation alight.[7] [8] Firefighters were initially dispatched to the incident based on a report of a structure fire on Rocky Creek Road; a second fire was later reported on Morgan Valley Road with an unknown cause.[9] The fire was named the Rocky Fire for its proximity to Rocky Creek, which flows north of Morgan Valley Road.[10] High temperatures and winds helped the ensuing fire spread rapidly, entering thick brush and woodlands and advancing forward by ember spotting. In several hours, the fire grew from 150acres to 3000acres, destroying several outbuildings and necessitating mandatory evacuation orders for about 500 people. A total of 350 firefighting personnel engaged the fire in the first day, joined by eight air tankers and eight helicopters.

By the following afternoon, the fire had burned 8300acres and had forced residents of Lower Lake and nearby roads to evacuate while pushing into the Cache Creek Wilderness and the Berryessa Snow Mountain National Monument.[11] By that night, the Rocky Fire spanned 13500acres in area and was the largest active wildfire in Northern California.After originally confining itself to a rugged area bounded by California State Route 29 to the west and 16 to the east, the fire became much more active on Saturday, August 1, as temperatures reached more than 100°F and relative humidity levels approached zero percent. Using bulldozers, firefighters built containment lines ahead of the Rocky Fire's northern and eastern flanks.[12] Toward the end of the day, the fire's rate of spread vastly exceeded what had been predicted by computer modeling, consuming NaNacres in a five-hour period.[13] [14] A Cal Fire public information officer described the growth as "really unprecedented in recent times, or in even veterans of our department’s recollection" for a wildfire not influenced by strong winds.[15] The fire routinely produced large pyrocumulus clouds up to 35000feet in altitude, which had a tendency to collapse and spread the fire erratically when the downdrafts reached the surface.[16] The Rocky Fire continued to burn actively that night and through the following day. Fire personnel abandoned the containment lines they had built on the northern/eastern flanks, retreating several miles further north to California State Route 20 (CA 20) and further east to California State Route 16 (CA 16). There, they conducted firing operations, burning off fuel between the highways and the fire itself so as to halt its growth in those directions. The Rocky Fire reached approximately 54000acres in burned area with five percent containment by the end of Sunday, August 2.

By Monday, August 3, fire activity was expected to calm as an incoming weather system brought temperatures down and relative humidity up. In the afternoon, the Rocky Fire crossed CA 20 to the north, despite the firing operations and other preparations the previous day.[17] The fire burned up-slope in a drainage near Cache Creek, creating a large plume that—in combination with a sudden wind shift—caused ember spotting up across the highway up to 1abbr=outNaNabbr=out away in Long Valley. The fire then proceeded to burn through a subdivision, destroying multiple structures, as it moved north towards Indian Valley Reservoir.

On Tuesday, August 4, White House Press Secretary Josh Earnest said that President Barack Obama had been briefed on the fire by Lisa Monaco, one of his national security advisors, and that the White House would continue to monitor the situation. That same day, the National Interagency Fire Center ranked the Rocky Fire as the highest-priority wildfire in the country for additional equipment and personnel.[18] By August 5, at roughly 696000NaN0, the Rocky Fire's burned area was more than four times that of any other active wildfire in California, though only the portion of the fire perimeter that had burned across CA 20 remained uncontained.[19]

Despite the setback, by later in the week improved weather conditions allowed firefighters to double containment of the perimeter in two days.[20] The number of personnel assigned to the Rocky Fire peaked at more than 3,500 people on August 6. This included hundreds of inmates in the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation system, earning $1.45–$3.90 per hour plus a bonus $1.00 per hour for working on a fire.[21]

The fire was declared 100 percent contained on Friday, August 14. The total area burned in the fire was calculated at 69438acres, adjusted down from 69636acres by more accurate mapping.[22] According to the National Interagency Fire Center, the cost of fighting the fire came to $46.1 million at the time, or roughly equivalent to $million in when adjusted for inflation.[23]

Cause

On August 17, 2016, California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection (Cal Fire) officials announced that the Rocky Fire had been ignited by a malfunctioning gas-powered water heater strapped to a tree and housed in an outbuilding filled with flammable liquids, associated with an illegal cannabis growing operation. A spokesperson called the arrangement "inventive" but "not very safe". Two suspects in the fire—not named by Cal Fire—fled the country before investigators could question them. The Rocky Fire was one of five wildfires related to cannabis cultivation in Northern California in 2015.[24] [25]

Effects

No injuries or deaths were recorded during the Rocky Fire. Ninety-six structures were destroyed, comprising 43 homes and 53 outbuildings. Eight structures were damaged. Most of the burned buildings were in the Morgan Valley area near the fire's origin. The Rocky Fire was the third most destructive of the year in California, surpassed by the Valley Fire in Lake County and the Butte Fire in Amador County.

The number of people under mandatory evacuation orders reached 1,480; when including voluntary evacuation warnings approximately 13,000 people were affected.[26] Some residents were forced to stay in hotels, some in the two Red Cross shelters established nearby, others in tents in parking lots. After fire growth and suppression operations had forced their closure on August 1, California State Routes 20 and 16 re-opened on Friday, August 7. Evacuations were lifted and all road closures but one were lifted in the morning on Saturday, August 8.[27]

Political response

On July 31, 2015, California governor Jerry Brown declared a state of emergency in response to the Rocky Fire and other wildfires burning in Northern California. On August 6, Brown visited the Rocky Fire area, meeting with impacted residents and firefighting personnel as well as using the opportunity to speak about the impacts of climate change in California.[28]

Environmental impacts

Smoke from the fire was carried southeast towards Sacramento, where authorities issued air quality advisories for those with pre-existing respiratory issues. Lake County wineries fretted about the effects of the smoke on grape flavor, but as prevailing winds pushed smoke east instead of west towards the bulk of the county's vineyards, the impacts were "minimal to none".[29]

Growth and containment

Fire containment status
Gray: contained; Red: active; %: percent contained!Date!Total area burned!Personnel!Containment
Jul 29[30] 30000NaN0315 personnel
Jul 30[31] 135000NaN0918 personnel
Jul 31[32] 180000NaN01,300 personnel
Aug 1[33] 257500NaN01,940 personnel
Aug 2[34] 540000NaN02,737 personnel
Aug 3[35] 620000NaN03,145 personnel
Aug 4[36] 670000NaN03,478 personnel
Aug 5[37] 696000NaN03,483 personnel
Aug 6[38] 696000NaN03,551 personnel
Aug 7[39] 696000NaN02,966 personnel
Aug 8[40] 696360NaN02,420 personnel
Aug 9[41] 696360NaN02,367 personnel
Aug 10[42] 696360NaN01,344 personnel
Aug 11[43] 696360NaN0773 personnel
Aug 12[44] 696360NaN0361 personnel
Aug 13694380NaN0361 personnel
Aug 14[45] 694380NaN0227 personnel

See also

References

Notes

  1. 2015 Wildfire Activity Statistics . 2016 . California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection (Cal Fire) . March 21, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230311221415/https://34c031f8-c9fd-4018-8c5a-4159cdff6b0d-cdn-endpoint.azureedge.net/-/media/calfire-website/our-impact/fire-statistics/2015_redbook_final.pdf . March 11, 2023 . live.
  2. News: Johnson . Julie . Anderson . Glenda . Swindell . Bill . July 30, 2015 . Rocky Fire grows to 13,500 acres in Lake County . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240323142828/https://www.pressdemocrat.com/article/news/rocky-fire-grows-to-13500-acres-in-lake-county/ . March 23, 2024 . March 23, 2024 . The Press Democrat.
  3. News: Rubin . Joel . Chirbas . Kurt . St. John . Paige . August 2, 2015 . Northern California fire explodes; 24 homes lost, thousands threatened . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20221208213122/https://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-northern-california-fire-explodes-24-homes-lost-thousands-threatened-20150802-story.html . December 8, 2022 . March 21, 2024 . Los Angeles Times.
  4. News: Fimrite . Peter . August 8, 2015 . Explosive Rocky Fire a warning for drought-parched state . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240320190250/https://www.sfchronicle.com/science/article/Explosive-Rocky-Fire-a-warning-for-6433258.php . March 20, 2024 . March 23, 2024 . San Francisco Chronicle.
  5. News: Megerian . Chris . Rocha . Veronica . August 3, 2015 . Cooler weather, higher humidity aid battle against Northern California wildfire . https://web.archive.org/web/20240321205958/https://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-rocky-fire-explodes-20150803-story.html . March 21, 2024 . March 22, 2024 . Los Angeles Times.
  6. News: Serna . Joseph . Knoll . Corina . Panzar . Javier . August 12, 2015 . Heat wave heightens danger in an already epic summer of fire . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240321205542/https://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-california-wildfires-reach-new-heights-heat-wave-brings-new-dangers-20150812-story.html . March 21, 2024 . March 22, 2024 . Los Angeles Times.
  7. Web site: Rocky Fire . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20230929180726/https://www.fire.ca.gov/incidents/2015/7/29/rocky-fire . September 29, 2023 . March 20, 2024 . www.fire.ca.gov . California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection (Cal Fire).
  8. News: Serna . Joseph . August 19, 2015 . Massive Rocky fire near Napa was sparked by faulty water heater, investigators say . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240321205943/https://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-rocky-fire-water-heater-20150819-story.html . March 21, 2024 . March 22, 2024 . Los Angeles Times.
  9. News: August 19, 2015 . Investigators determine cause of one of two fires that formed Rocky fire incident . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240323152428/https://lakeconews.com/news/43063-investigators-determine-cause-of-one-of-two-fires-that-formed-rocky-fire-incident . March 23, 2024 . March 23, 2024 . Lake County News.
  10. News: Swindell . Bill . Anderson . Glenda . Callahan . Mary . July 29, 2015 . Residents evacuated in face of fast-moving Lake County wildfire . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20221226061314/https://www.pressdemocrat.com/article/news/residents-evacuated-in-face-of-fast-moving-lake-county-wildfire/ . December 26, 2022 . March 23, 2024 . The Press Democrat.
  11. News: Rocha . Veronica . July 30, 2015 . 8,300-acre wildfire north of Napa Valley forces residents to flee homes . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240321205543/https://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-northern-california-wildfire-20150730-story.html . March 21, 2024 . March 22, 2024 . Los Angeles Times.
  12. News: Chirbas . Kurt . St. John . Paige . Rubin . Joel . August 2, 2015 . Fueled by dry brush and heat, wildfire chars 20,000 acres in 5 hours . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240321210119/https://www.latimes.com/local/california/la-me-0803-norcal-fires-20150803-story.html . March 21, 2024 . March 22, 2024 . Los Angeles Times.
  13. News: Serna . Joseph . Megerian . Chris . Knoll . Corina . August 4, 2015 . Explosive Rocky fire defies odds and expectations . https://web.archive.org/web/20231002025300/https://www.latimes.com/local/california/la-me-rocky-fire-20150805-story.html . October 2, 2023 . March 21, 2024 . Los Angeles Times.
  14. News: Nir . Sarah Maslin . August 5, 2015 . California Fire, Aided by Drought, Defies Tactics to Defeat It . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240321205958/https://www.nytimes.com/2015/08/06/us/rocky-fire-in-california-defies-expectations-and-defenses.html . March 21, 2024 . March 22, 2024 . The New York Times.
  15. News: Mooney . Chris . August 6, 2015 . California is battling its scariest 2015 wildfire so far — the Rocky Fire . https://web.archive.org/web/20170318125157/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/energy-environment/wp/2015/08/05/california-is-now-experiencing-its-scariest-wildfire-in-2015-so-far/ . March 18, 2017 . March 21, 2024 . The Washington Post.
  16. News: Fimrite . Peter . August 4, 2015 . Experts haven't seen anything like 'insane' Rocky Fire . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20220520084943/https://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/Rocky-Fire-grows-to-65-000-acres-still-12-6423753.php . May 20, 2022 . March 23, 2024 . SFGate.
  17. News: Megerian . Chris . Chirbas . Kurt . Rocha . Veronica . August 4, 2015 . Thunderstorms may challenge firefighters battling 65,000-acre Rocky fire . https://web.archive.org/web/20240320184759/https://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-rocky-fire-thunderstorms-20150804-story.html . March 20, 2024 . March 21, 2024 . Los Angeles Times.
  18. News: Har . Janie . Bender . Kristin J. . August 4, 2015 . Californians Facing Nights in Wildfire Evacuation Shelters . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240323185443/https://www.theledger.com/story/news/2015/08/04/californians-facing-nights-in-wildfire/8231389007/ . March 23, 2024 . March 23, 2024 . . Associated Press.
  19. News: Digitale . Robert . Anderson . Glenda . Rossman . Randi . August 5, 2015 . Rocky Fire slowed in Lake County; 43 homes lost in blaze . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240323141601/https://www.pressdemocrat.com/article/news/rocky-fire-slowed-in-lake-county-43-homes-lost-in-blaze/ . March 23, 2024 . March 23, 2024 . The Press Democrat.
  20. News: Serna . Joseph . Knoll . Corina . Panzar . Javier . August 12, 2015 . Heat wave heightens danger in an already epic summer of fire . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240321205542/https://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-california-wildfires-reach-new-heights-heat-wave-brings-new-dangers-20150812-story.html . March 21, 2024 . March 22, 2024 . Los Angeles Times.
  21. News: August 7, 2015 . Inmates join firefighters on front lines of wildfires . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240323150856/https://www.abc10.com/article/news/local/inmates-join-firefighters-on-front-lines-of-wildfires/103-310045191 . March 23, 2024 . March 23, 2024 . KXTV.
  22. News: Larson . Elizabeth . August 13, 2015 . Winds continue to be concern on Jerusalem fire; firefighters make more containment progress . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240323062807/https://lakeconews.com/news/42973-winds-continue-to-be-concern-on-jerusalem-fire-firefighters-make-more-containment-progress . March 23, 2024 . March 23, 2024 . Lake County News.
  23. Wildland Fire Summary and Statistics Annual Report 2015 . 2015 . National Interagency Coordination Center . February 12, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240212161219/https://www.nifc.gov/sites/default/files/NICC/2-Predictive%20Services/Intelligence/Annual%20Reports/2015/annual_report_2015_508.pdf . February 12, 2024 . www.nifc.gov . live.
  24. News: Thompson . Don . August 17, 2016 . Official: California wildfire in 2015 sparked by pot farm . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240322151613/https://apnews.com/general-news-3e933edb5167474fa2c18e50d34de22a . March 22, 2024 . March 22, 2024 . Associated Press.
  25. News: August 19, 2015 . Cal Fire: Faulty Water Heater Caused Rocky Fire In Lake County . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240322152250/https://www.cbsnews.com/sacramento/news/cal-fire-faulty-water-heater-caused-rocky-fire-in-lake-county/ . March 22, 2024 . March 22, 2024 . CBS News.
  26. News: Stelloh . Tim . Austin . Henry . August 3, 2015 . California Wildfires: 13,000 Under Evacuation Orders as Rocky Fire Rages . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240320184753/https://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/western-wildfires/california-wildfires-13-000-under-evacuation-orders-rocky-fire-rages-n402916 . March 20, 2024 . March 21, 2024 . NBC News.
  27. News: Branson-Potts . Hailey . August 8, 2015 . Cooler temperatures help firefighters gain 'upper hand' on Rocky fire . https://web.archive.org/web/20160224143821/http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-rocky-fire-20150808-story.html . February 24, 2016 . March 21, 2024 . Los Angeles Times.
  28. News: Megerian . Chris . August 6, 2015 . Gov. Brown highlights climate change risks at site of Rocky fire . https://web.archive.org/web/20240321201803/https://www.latimes.com/local/california/la-me-rocky-fire-brown-20150807-story.html . March 21, 2024 . March 22, 2024 . Los Angeles Times.
  29. News: Swindell . Bill . August 4, 2015 . Lake County wineries defend vineyards from flames, smoke . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240323135351/https://www.pressdemocrat.com/article/business/lake-county-wineries-defend-vineyards-from-flames-smoke/ . March 23, 2024 . March 23, 2024 . The Press Democrat.
  30. Web site: July 29, 2015 . Incident Fact Sheet – Update . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20161228025305/http://cdfdata.fire.ca.gov/pub/cdf/images/incidentfile1161_1595.pdf . December 28, 2016 . March 23, 2024 . cdfdata.fire.ca.gov . California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection (Cal Fire).
  31. Web site: July 30, 2015 . Rocky Fire Incident Update Sheet . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20161228025325/http://cdfdata.fire.ca.gov/pub/cdf/images/incidentfile1161_1607.pdf . December 28, 2016 . March 23, 2024 . cdfdata.fire.ca.gov . California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection (Cal Fire).
  32. Web site: July 31, 2015 . Rocky Fire Incident Update Sheet . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20161229120341/http://cdfdata.fire.ca.gov/pub/cdf/images/incidentfile1161_1623.pdf . December 29, 2016 . March 23, 2024 . cdfdata.fire.ca.gov . California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection (Cal Fire).
  33. Web site: August 1, 2015 . Rocky Fire Incident Update Sheet . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20161228025415/http://cdfdata.fire.ca.gov/pub/cdf/images/incidentfile1161_1640.pdf . December 28, 2016 . March 23, 2024 . cdfdata.fire.ca.gov . California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection (Cal Fire).
  34. Web site: August 2, 2015 . Rocky Fire Incident Update Sheet . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20161228025541/http://cdfdata.fire.ca.gov/pub/cdf/images/incidentfile1161_1652.pdf . December 28, 2016 . March 23, 2024 . cdfdata.fire.ca.gov . California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection (Cal Fire).
  35. Web site: August 3, 2015 . Rocky Fire Incident Update Sheet . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20161229120416/http://cdfdata.fire.ca.gov/pub/cdf/images/incidentfile1161_1659.pdf . December 29, 2016 . March 23, 2024 . cdfdata.fire.ca.gov . California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection (Cal Fire).
  36. Web site: August 4, 2015 . Rocky Fire Incident Update Sheet . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20161216211251/http://cdfdata.fire.ca.gov/pub/cdf/images/incidentfile1161_1668.pdf . December 16, 2016 . March 23, 2024 . cdfdata.fire.ca.gov . California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection (Cal Fire).
  37. Web site: August 5, 2015 . Rocky Fire Incident Update Sheet . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20161228025628/http://cdfdata.fire.ca.gov/pub/cdf/images/incidentfile1161_1673.pdf . December 28, 2016 . March 23, 2024 . cdfdata.fire.ca.gov . California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection (Cal Fire).
  38. Web site: August 6, 2015 . Rocky Fire Incident Update Sheet . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20161227073740/http://cdfdata.fire.ca.gov/pub/cdf/images/incidentfile1161_1678.pdf . December 27, 2016 . March 23, 2024 . cdfdata.fire.ca.gov . California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection (Cal Fire).
  39. Web site: August 7, 2015 . Rocky Fire Incident Update Sheet . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20161229120558/http://cdfdata.fire.ca.gov/pub/cdf/images/incidentfile1161_1683.pdf . December 29, 2016 . March 23, 2024 . cdfdata.fire.ca.gov . California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection (Cal Fire).
  40. Web site: August 8, 2015 . Rocky Fire Incident Update Sheet . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20161228025639/http://cdfdata.fire.ca.gov/pub/cdf/images/incidentfile1161_1688.pdf . December 28, 2016 . March 23, 2024 . cdfdata.fire.ca.gov . California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection (Cal Fire).
  41. Web site: August 9, 2015 . Rocky Fire Incident Update Sheet . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20161227073857/http://cdfdata.fire.ca.gov/pub/cdf/images/incidentfile1161_1690.pdf . December 27, 2016 . March 23, 2024 . cdfdata.fire.ca.gov . California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection (Cal Fire).
  42. Web site: August 10, 2015 . Rocky Fire Incident Update . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20161227073902/http://cdfdata.fire.ca.gov/pub/cdf/images/incidentfile1161_1699.pdf . December 27, 2016 . March 23, 2024 . cdfdata.fire.ca.gov . California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection (Cal Fire).
  43. Web site: August 11, 2015 . Rocky Fire Incident Update . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20161229120644/http://cdfdata.fire.ca.gov/pub/cdf/images/incidentfile1161_1707.pdf . December 29, 2016 . March 23, 2015 . cdfdata.fire.ca.gov . California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection (Cal Fire).
  44. Web site: August 12, 2015 . "Final" Rocky Fire Incident Update . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20161229120709/http://cdfdata.fire.ca.gov/pub/cdf/images/incidentfile1161_1719.pdf . December 29, 2016 . March 23, 2024 . cdfdata.fire.ca.gov . California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection (Cal Fire).
  45. Web site: August 14, 2015 . Rocky Fire Incident Information . https://web.archive.org/web/20160622200647/http://cdfdata.fire.ca.gov/incidents/incidents_details_info?incident_id=1161 . June 22, 2016 . March 23, 2024 . cdfdata.fire.ca.gov . California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection (Cal Fire).

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