| Honorific-Prefix: | Sir |
| Robert William Harley | |
| Office: | Governor of the Gold Coast |
| Term Start: | September 1872 |
| Term End: | 2 October 1873 |
| Predecessor: | Robert William Keate |
| Successor: | Garnet Joseph Wolseley |
| Office2: | Lieutenant Governor of Tobago |
| Term Start2: | 1875 |
| Term End2: | 1877 |
| Predecessor2: | Herbert Taylor Ussher |
| Successor2: | Augustus Frederick Gore |
| Office3: | Lieutenant Governor of Grenada |
| Term Start3: | 1877 |
| Term End3: | 1882 |
| Predecessor3: | Cyril Clerke Graham |
| Successor3: | Replaced by Administrator of Grenada |
| Office4: | Lieutenant Governor of British Honduras |
| Term Start4: | 1883 |
| Term End4: | 1884 |
| Predecessor4: | Frederick Palgrave Barlee |
| Successor4: | Replaced by Governor of British Honduras |
| Birth Date: | 1829 |
| Birth Place: | Dublin, Ireland |
| Death Place: | Kensington, London |
Colonel Sir Robert William Harley (1829 – 23 August 1892) was a British colonial administrator. He served as governor-in-chief of the Gold Coast, between September 1872 and 2 October 1873.
Harley was born in 1829 and joined the Army in 1847. In 1860 he was a captain in the 3rd West India Regiment.[1] He died on 23 August 1892 at the age of 62.