Robert Sutherland Rattray,, known as Captain R. S. Rattray (1881 in India – 1938), was a barrister and held a diploma in Anthropology from Oxford.
He was an early Africanist and student of the Ashanti. He was one of the early writers on Oware, and on Ashanti gold weights.[1] An amusement park constructed by the Kumasi Metropolitan Assembly is named Rattray park in memory of R.S. Rattray.[2]
Rattray was born in India to Scottish parents. In 1906, he joined the Gold Coast Customs Service. In 1911, he became the Assistant District Commissioner at Ejura. Learning local languages, he was appointed head of the Anthropological Department of Asante in 1921. He retired in 1930. He was killed while flying a glider in 1938.[3]
"When a new Anthropological Department was set up in Ashanti in the 1920s, Rattray was charged with the task of re-searching the law and constitution of Ashanti, to assist the colonial administrators in ruling the Ashantis. With his office in the Anthropological Department in Ashanti, Rattray set out to do detailed and voluminous research on Ashanti religion, customs law, art, beliefs, folktales, and proverbs. His personal contact with the people of Ashanti afforded him an intimate knowledge of their culture, which is reflected in his thoughtful and nuanced writing on them."[4]
Like many anthropologists of his day, Rattray collected many ethnographic artefacts during his time in Africa, took photographs, collected folk tales and language information and experimented with sound recording. These materials mostly ended up in the collections of the Pitt Rivers Museum at the University of Oxford,[5] although smaller collections are found in the British Museum and elsewhere.[6] His fieldwork papers are held in the archives of the Royal Anthropological Institute (UK).[7] His sound recordings are archived at the British Library.[8]