Robert Scheffer (6 May 1859, Vienna - 27 October 1934, Vienna) was an Austrian painter. He specialized in landscapes, genre scenes and portraits. He was also an art collector and operated a private art school.
He studied from 1879 to 1881 at the Academy of Fine Arts, Vienna, with Christian Griepenkerl, Carl Wurzinger and Leopold Carl Müller. By 1886, he had completed his studies at the Academy of Fine Arts, Karlsruhe, in the master classes of Ferdinand Keller.
From 1905 to 1918, he exhibited regularly at the Vienna Künstlerhaus. His most popular paintings were on the theme, "Young Woman in a Biedermeier Interior", of which there are numerous variations.
He served as a board member of the Albrecht Dürer Association; from which he received the Silver Medal of the Albrecht Dürer Bunds in 1930. He was also a recipient of the in 1929.
In 1891, he opened a private art school, together with August Schubert (1844-?), who taught drawing, and, who taught painting. Many well known artists began as his students, including John Quincy Adams,, Anton Faistauer,, Josef Kalous (1887-1974), Anton Peschka, Gustav Schütt (1890-1968) and . After his death, the school was operated until 1949 by his daughter, Gret Kalous, under the name "Schule für künstlerisches Modezeichnen" (School for Artistic Fashion Drawing).