| Robert Roberts Bishop | |
| Birth Date: | March 13, 1834 |
| Death Date: | October 7, 1910 (aged 76) |
| Nationality: | American |
| Children: | Robert Roberts Bishop, Jr.; Elias Bullard Bishop; Joseph Torrey Bishop |
| Office: | Associate Justice of the Massachusetts Superior Court |
| Term Start: | March 7, 1888 |
| Term End: | October 7, 1910 |
| Term Start2: | 1880 |
| Term End2: | 1882 |
| Predecessor2: | John B. D. Cogswell |
| Successor2: | George Glover Crocker |
| Term Start3: | 1878 |
| Term End3: | 1882 |
| Office4: | Member of the Massachusetts House of Representatives |
| Term Start4: | 1874 |
| Term End4: | 1874 |
| Alma Mater: | Phillips Academy, Harvard Law School, 1857 |
| Spouse: | Mary Helen Bullard, m. December 23, 1857 |
Robert Roberts Bishop (March 13, 1834 – October 7, 1910) was a Massachusetts lawyer and politician who served in the Massachusetts House of Representatives, as a member, and President of, the Massachusetts Senate and as an associate justice of the Massachusetts Superior Court. Bishop was also the unsuccessful Republican Party nominee in the 1882 election for governor of Massachusetts.