Robert F. Kennedy Jr. Explained

Robert F. Kennedy Jr.
Birth Name:Robert Francis Kennedy Jr.
Birth Date:17 January 1954
Birth Place:Washington, D.C., U.S.
Party:Independent (2023–present)
Otherparty:Democratic (until 2023)
Spouse:
    Children:6
    Family:Kennedy family

    Robert Francis Kennedy Jr. (born January 17, 1954), also known by his initials RFK Jr., is an American politician, environmental lawyer, anti-vaccine activist, and conspiracy theorist. He is the chairman and founder of Children's Health Defense, an anti-vaccine advocacy group that is a leading proponent of COVID-19 vaccine misinformation, and an independent candidate in the 2024 United States presidential election. A member of the Kennedy family, he is a son of the U.S. attorney general and senator Robert F. Kennedy, and a nephew of the U.S. president John F. Kennedy and the senator Ted Kennedy.

    After growing up in the Washington, D.C. area and Massachusetts, Kennedy graduated from Harvard University and obtained his Juris Doctor degree from the University of Virginia School of Law. He began his career as an assistant district attorney in New York City. In the mid-1980s, he joined two nonprofits focused on environmental protection: Riverkeeper and the Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC).[1] His work at Riverkeeper set long-term environmental legal standards. At both organizations, Kennedy won legal battles against large corporate polluters. He became an adjunct professor of environmental law at Pace University School of Law in 1986.[2] In 1987, Kennedy founded Pace's Environmental Litigation Clinic, and held the positions of supervising attorney and co-director there until 2017.[3] He founded the nonprofit environmental group Waterkeeper Alliance in 1999, serving as the president of its board until 2020.[4]

    Since 2005, Kennedy has promoted anti-vaccine misinformation[5] and public-health conspiracy theories,[6] including the scientifically disproven claim of a causal link between vaccines and autism.[7] Since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, he has emerged as a leading proponent of COVID-19 vaccine misinformation in the United States.[8] Many of his often false public health claims have targeted such prominent figures as Anthony Fauci, Bill Gates, and Joe Biden. He has written books including The Real Anthony Fauci (2021) and A Letter to Liberals (2022).

    Early life and education

    Kennedy was born at Georgetown University Hospital in Washington, D.C., on January 17, 1954. He is the third of eleven children of senator and U.S. attorney general Robert F. Kennedy and Ethel Skakel. He is a nephew of President John F. Kennedy and Senator Ted Kennedy.

    Kennedy was raised at the Kennedy Compound in Hyannis Port, Massachusetts, and at Hickory Hill, the family estate in McLean, Virginia.[9] [10] [11] He was nine years old when his uncle, President John F. Kennedy, was assassinated in 1963, and 14 when his father was assassinated while running for president in 1968.

    Kennedy learned of his father's shooting while at Georgetown Preparatory School, a Jesuit boarding school in North Bethesda, Maryland.[12] A few hours later, he flew to Los Angeles on Vice President Hubert Humphrey's plane, along with his older siblings, Kathleen and Joseph. He was with his father when he died. Kennedy was a pallbearer at his father's funeral, where he spoke and read excerpts from his father's speeches at the mass commemorating his death at Arlington National Cemetery.[13] [14]

    After his father's death, Kennedy struggled with drug abuse, which led to his arrest in Barnstable, Massachusetts for cannabis possession at age 16,[15] [16] and his expulsion from two boarding schools: Millbrook and Pomfret.[17] [18] In June 1972, he graduated from the Palfrey Street School, a day school outside Boston. While attending Palfrey, Kennedy lived with a surrogate family at a farmhouse in Cambridge, Massachusetts.[19]

    Kennedy continued his education at Harvard University, graduating in 1976 with a Bachelor of Arts in American history and literature. He then studied at the London School of Economics before earning a Juris Doctor degree from the University of Virginia School of Law in 1982,[20] and a Master of Laws from Pace University in 1987.[21]

    Career

    Conviction for heroin possession

    In 1982, Kennedy was sworn in as an assistant district attorney for Manhattan. After failing the New York bar exam, he resigned in July 1983.[22] That September, he was charged with heroin possession in Rapid City, South Dakota.[22] He pleaded guilty to a single felony charge of possession of heroin in February 1984, whereupon he was sentenced to two years of probation and community service. He originally faced a potential sentence of two years in prison.[23] [24] After his arrest, he entered a drug treatment center. To satisfy one of the conditions of his probation, Kennedy worked as a volunteer for the Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC) and was required to attend regular drug-rehabilitation sessions. This ended his 14 years as a heroin user, starting at the age of 15; he had also used cocaine during that period. His probation ended a year early.

    Riverkeeper

    In 1984, Kennedy began volunteering at The Hudson River Fisherman's Association, renamed Riverkeeper in 1986 after a patrol boat it had built with settlement money from legal victories preceding Kennedy's arrival.[25] The association's office was in a farmhouse near the Natural Resources Defense Council, where Kennedy was doing the community service mandated by his sentence for heroin possession. After he was admitted to the New York bar in 1985, Riverkeeper hired him as senior attorney.[26] [27] Kennedy litigated and supervised environmental enforcement lawsuits on the east coast estuaries on behalf of Hudson Riverkeeper and the Long Island Soundkeeper,[28] where he was also a board member. Long Island Soundkeeper sued several municipalities and cities along the Connecticut and New York coastlines.[29] On the Hudson, Kennedy sued municipalities and industries, including General Electric, to stop discharging pollution and clean up legacy contamination.[30] His work at Riverkeeper set long-term environmental legal standards.

    In 1995, Kennedy advocated for repeal of legislation during the 104th Congress that he considered unfriendly to the environment.[31] In 1997, he worked with John Cronin to write The Riverkeepers, a history of the early Riverkeepers and a primer for the Waterkeeper movement.[26]

    In 2000, a majority of Riverkeeper's board sided with Kennedy when he insisted on rehiring William Wegner, a wildlife lecturer and falcon trainer[32] whom the organization's founder and president, Robert H. Boyle, had fired six months earlier after learning that Wegner had been convicted in 1995 for tax fraud, perjury, and conspiracy to violate wildlife protection laws.[33] [34] Wegner had recruited and led a team of at least 10 who smuggled cockatoo eggs, including species considered endangered by Australia, from Australia to the U.S. over a period of eight years.[32] [33] He served 3.5 years of a five-year sentence and was hired by Kennedy a few months after his release from prison.[33] After the board's decision, Boyle, eight of the 22 members of the board, and Riverkeeper's treasurer resigned, saying it was not right for an environmental organization to hire someone convicted of environmental crimes and that it would hurt the organization's fundraising.[33] [34]

    Kennedy resigned from Riverkeeper in 2017, writing in his resignation letter that he had co-founded the organization.[33] [35]

    Pace Environmental Litigation Clinic

    In 1987, Kennedy founded the Environmental Litigation Clinic at Pace University School of Law, where for three decades he was the clinic's supervising attorney and co-director and Clinical Professor of Law.[36] Kennedy obtained a special order from the New York State Court of Appeals that permitted his 10 clinic students—second- and third-year law students—to practice law and try cases against Hudson River polluters in state and federal court, under the supervision of Kennedy and his co-director, Professor Karl Coplan. The clinic's full-time clients are Riverkeeper and Long Island Soundkeeper.[37]

    The clinic has sued governments and companies for polluting Long Island Sound and the Hudson River and its tributaries.[38] It argued cases to expand citizen access to the shoreline and won hundreds of settlements for the Hudson Riverkeeper.[39] Kennedy and his students also sued dozens of municipal wastewater treatment plants to force compliance with the Clean Water Act.[37] In 2010, a Pace lawsuit forced ExxonMobil to clean up tens of millions of gallons of oil from legacy refinery spills in Newtown Creek in Brooklyn.[40]

    On April 11, 2001, Men's Journal gave Kennedy its "Heroes" Award for creating the Pace Environmental Litigation Clinic.[41] Kennedy and the clinic received other awards for successful legal work cleaning up the environment.[42] The Pace Clinic became a model for similar environmental law clinics throughout the country, including Rutgers,[43] Golden Gate, UCLA,[44] Widener,[45] and Boalt Hall at Berkeley.[46]

    Waterkeeper Alliance

    In June 1999, as Riverkeeper's success on the Hudson began inspiring the creation of Waterkeepers across North America, Kennedy and a few dozen Riverkeepers gathered in Southampton, Long Island, to found the Waterkeeper Alliance, which is now the umbrella group for the 344 licensed Waterkeeper programs[47] located in 44 countries.[48] As President, Kennedy oversaw its legal, membership, policy and fundraising programs. The Alliance is dedicated to promoting "swimmable, fishable, drinkable waterways, worldwide",[49] and is also a clearinghouse, approving new Keeper programs and licensing use of the trademarked "Waterkeeper", "Riverkeeper", "Soundkeeper", "Lakekeeper", "Baykeeper", "Bayoukeeper", "Canalkeeper", "Coastkeeper", etc. names.[50]

    Kennedy and his environmental work have been the focus of several films including The Waterkeepers (2000),[51] directed by Les Guthman. In 2008, he appeared in the IMAX documentary film , riding the Grand Canyon in a wooden dory with his daughter Kick and anthropologist Wade Davis.[52]

    Kennedy resigned the Waterkeeper Alliance presidency in November 2020.[53]

    New York City Watershed Agreement

    Beginning in 1991, Kennedy represented environmentalists and New York City watershed consumers in a series of lawsuits against New York City and upstate watershed polluters. Kennedy authored a series of articles and reports[54] [55] [56] [57] alleging that New York State was abdicating its responsibility to protect the water repository and supply. In 1996, he helped orchestrate the $1.2 billion New York City Watershed Agreement, which New York magazine recognized in its cover story, "The Kennedy Who Matters".[58] This agreement, which Kennedy negotiated on behalf of environmentalists and New York City watershed consumers, is regarded as an international model in stakeholder consensus negotiations and sustainable development.[59]

    Kennedy & Madonna LLP

    In 2000, Kennedy and the environmental lawyer Kevin Madonna founded the environmental law firm Kennedy & Madonna, LLP, to represent private plaintiffs against polluters.[60] The firm litigates environmental contamination cases on behalf of individuals, non-profit organizations, school districts, public water suppliers, Indian tribes, municipalities and states. In 2001, Kennedy & Madonna organized a team of prestigious plaintiff law firms to challenge pollution from industrial pork and poultry production.[61] In 2004, the firm was part of a legal team that secured a $70 million settlement for property owners in Pensacola, Florida whose properties were contaminated by chemicals from an adjacent Superfund site.[62]

    Kennedy & Madonna was profiled in the 2010 HBO documentary Mann v. Ford,[63] which chronicles four years of litigation by the firm on behalf of the Ramapough Mountain Indians against the Ford Motor Company for dumping toxic waste on tribal lands in northern New Jersey.[64] In addition to a monetary settlement for the tribe, the lawsuit contributed to the community's land being re-listed on the federal Superfund list, the first time that a de-listed site was re-listed.[65]

    In 2007, Kennedy was one of three finalists nominated as "Trial Lawyer of the Year" by Public Justice for his role in the $396 million jury verdict against DuPont for contamination from its Spelter, West Virginia zinc plant.[66] In 2017, the firm was part of the trial team that secured a $670 million settlement on behalf of over 3,000 residents from Ohio and West Virginia whose drinking water was contaminated by the toxic chemical perfluorooctanoic acid, which DuPont released into the environment in Parkersburg, West Virginia.[67]

    Morgan & Morgan

    In 2016, Kennedy became counsel to the Morgan & Morgan law firm.[68] The partnership arose from the two firms' successful collaboration on the case against SoCalGas Company following the Aliso Canyon gas leak in California.[69] In 2017, Kennedy and his partners sued Monsanto in federal court in San Francisco, on behalf of plaintiffs seeking to recover damages for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, that, the plaintiffs allege, were a result of exposure to Monsanto's glyphosate-based herbicide, Roundup. Kennedy and his team also filed a class action lawsuit against Monsanto for failing to warn consumers about the dangers allegedly posed by exposure to Roundup.[70]

    In September 2018, Kennedy and his partners filed a class-action lawsuit against Columbia Gas of Massachusetts alleging negligence following gas explosions in three towns north of Boston. Of Columbia Gas, Kennedy said "as they build new miles of pipe, the same company is ignoring its existing infrastructure, which we now know is eroding and is dilapidated".[71]

    Renewable energy

    In 1999, Kennedy, Chris Bartle and John Hoving created a bottled-water company, Keeper Springs, which donated all of its profits to Waterkeeper Alliance.[72]

    Kennedy was a venture partner and senior advisor at VantagePoint Capital Partners, one of the world's largest cleantech venture capital firms. Among other activities, VantagePoint was the original and largest pre-IPO institutional investor in Tesla, Inc. VantagePoint also backed BrightSource Energy and Solazyme, amongst others. Kennedy is a board member and counselor to several of Vantage Point's portfolio companies in the water and energy space, including Ostara, a Vancouver-based company that markets the technology to remove phosphorus and other excessive nutrients from wastewater, transforming otherwise pollution directly into high-grade fertilizer.[73] He is also a senior advisor to Starwood Energy Group and has played a key role in a number of the firm's investments.[74]

    He is on the board of Vionx, a Massachusetts-based utility scale vanadium flow battery systems manufacturer. On October 5, 2017, Vionx, National Grid and the U.S. Department of Energy completed the installation of advanced flow batteries at Holy Name High School in the city of Worcester, Massachusetts. The collaboration also includes Siemens and the United Technologies Research Center and constitutes one of the largest energy storage facilities in Massachusetts.[75]

    Kennedy is a Partner in ColorZen, which offers a turnkey-cotton-fiber pre-treatment solution that reduces water usage and toxic discharges in the cotton-dyeing process.[76]

    Kennedy was a co-owner and Director of the smart-grid company Utility Integration Solutions (UISol),[77] which was acquired by Alstom. He is presently a co-owner and Director of GridBright, the market-leading grid management specialist.[78]

    In October 2011, Kennedy co-founded EcoWatch, an environmental news site. He resigned from its board of directors in January 2018.[79]

    Minority and poor communities

    In his first case as an environmental attorney, Kennedy represented the NAACP in a lawsuit against a proposal to build a garbage transfer station in a minority neighborhood in Ossining, New York.[80]

    In 1987, he successfully sued Westchester County to reopen the Croton Point Park, which was heavily used primarily by poor and minority communities from the Bronx.[81] He then forced the reopening of the Pelham Bay Park, which New York City had closed to the public and converted to a police firing range.[26]

    Kennedy has argued that poor communities shoulder the disproportionate burden of environmental pollution.[82] Speaking at the 2016 South by Southwest environment conference in Texas, he said, "Polluters always choose the soft target of poverty", noting that Chicago's South Side has the highest concentration of toxic waste dumps in America.[83] Furthermore, he added that 80 percent of "uncontrolled toxic waste dumps" can be found in black neighborhoods, with the largest site in the United States being in Emelle, Alabama, which is 90 percent black.[84]

    International and indigenous rights

    Starting in 1985, Kennedy helped develop the Natural Resources Defense Council's international program for environmental, energy, and human rights, traveling to Canada and Latin America to assist indigenous tribes in protecting their homelands and opposing large-scale energy and extractive projects in remote wilderness areas.[85]

    In 1990, Kennedy assisted indigenous Pehuenches in Chile in a partially successful campaign to stop the construction of a series of dams on Chile's iconic Biobío River. That campaign derailed all but one of the proposed dams.[86] Beginning in 1992, he assisted the Cree Indians of northern Quebec in their campaign against Hydro-Québec to halt construction of some 600 proposed dams on eleven rivers in James Bay.[87]

    In 1993, Kennedy and NRDC, working with the indigenous rights organization Cultural Survival, clashed with other American environmental groups in a dispute about the rights of Indians to govern their own lands in the Oriente region of Ecuador.[88] Kennedy represented the CONFENIAE, a confederation of Indian peoples, in negotiation with the American oil company Conoco to limit oil development in Ecuadorian Amazon and, at the same time, obtain benefits from resource extraction for Amazonian tribes.[88] Kennedy was a vocal critic of Texaco for its previous record for polluting the Ecuadoran Amazon.[89]

    From 1993 to 1999, Kennedy worked with five Vancouver Island Indian tribes in their campaign to end industrial logging by MacMillan Bloedel in Clayoquot Sound, British Columbia.[90]

    In 1996, Kennedy met with Cuban President Fidel Castro to persuade the leader to halt his plans to construct a nuclear power plant at Juraguá.[91] During a lengthy latenight encounter, Castro reminisced about Kennedy's father and uncle, speculating that U.S. relations with Cuba would have been far better had President Kennedy not been assassinated.[92]

    Between 1996 and 2000, Kennedy and NRDC helped Mexican commercial fishermen to halt Mitsubishi's proposal to build a salt facility in the Laguna San Ignacio, a known area in Baja where gray whales bred, and nursed their calves.[93] Kennedy wrote in opposition to the project, and took the campaign to Japan, meeting with the Japanese prime minister, Keizo Obuchi.[94]

    In 2000, he assisted local environmental activists to stop proposals by Chaffin Light, a real estate developer, and U.S. engineering giant Bechtel from building a large hotel and resort development that, Kennedy argued, threatened coral reefs and public beaches used by local Bahamians, at Clifton Bay, New Providence Island.[95]

    Kennedy was one of the early editors of Indian Country Today, North America's largest Native American newspaper.[96] He helped lead the opposition to the damming of the Futaleufú River in the Patagonia region of Chile.[97] In 2016, due to the pressure precipitated by the Futaleufú Riverkeeper's campaign against the dams, the Spanish power company, Endesa, which owned the right to dam the river, reversed its decision and relinquished all claims to the Futaleufú.[98]

    Military and Vieques

    Kennedy has been a critic of environmental damage by the U.S. military.[99] [100]

    In a 2001 article, Kennedy described how he sued the United States Navy on behalf of fishermen and residents of Vieques, an island of Puerto Rico, to stop weapons testing, bombing, and other military exercises. Kennedy argued that the activities were unnecessary, and that the Navy had illegally destroyed several endangered species, polluted the island's waters, harmed the residents' health, and damaged its economy.[101] He was arrested for trespassing at Camp Garcia Vieques, the U.S. Navy training facility, where he and others were protesting the use of a section of the island for training. Kennedy served 30 days in a maximum security prison in Puerto Rico.[102] The trespassing incident forced the suspension of live-fire exercises for almost three hours.[103] The lawsuits and protests by Kennedy, and hundreds of Puerto Ricans who were also imprisoned, eventually forced the termination of naval bombing in Vieques by the Bush administration.[104]

    In a 2003 article for the Chicago Tribune, Kennedy said the U.S. federal government was "America's biggest polluter" and the U.S. Department of Defense as the worst offender. Citing the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), he said, "unexploded ordnance waste can be found on 16,000 military ranges...and more than half may contain biological or chemical weapons".[105]

    Factory farms

    For almost twenty years, Kennedy and his Waterkeepers waged a legal and public relations battle against pollution by factory farms. In the 1990s, he rallied opposition to factory farms among small independent farmers, convened a series of "National Summits" on factory meat products, and conducted press conference whistle stop tours across North Carolina, Iowa, Kansas, Missouri, Illinois, Ohio, and in Washington DC. Beginning in 2000, Kennedy sued factory farms in North Carolina, Oklahoma, Maryland, and Iowa.[106] He wrote articles on the subject, arguing that factory farms produce lower-quality, less healthy food, and are harmful to independent family farmers by poisoning their air and water, reducing their property values, and using extensive state and federal subsidies to impose unfair competition against smaller farmers.[107]

    In 1995, Premier Ralph Klein of Alberta declared Kennedy persona non grata in the province due to Kennedy's activism against Alberta's large-scale hog production facilities.[108] In 2002, Smithfield Foods filed a lawsuit against Kennedy in Poland, under a Polish law that makes criticizing a corporation illegal, after Kennedy denounced the company in a debate with Smithfield's Polish director before the Polish parliament.

    Oil, gas, and pipelines

    Kennedy has advocated for a global transition from fossil fuels to renewable energy.[109] [110] He has been particularly critical of the oil industry. In one of his first environmental cases, Kennedy filed a lawsuit against Mobil Oil for polluting the Hudson.[26]

    Kennedy helped lead the battle against fracking in New York State.[111] He had been an early supporter of natural gas as viable bridge fuel to renewables, and a cleaner alternative to coal.[112] However, he said he turned against this controversial extraction method after investigating its cost to public health, climate and road infrastructure.[113] As a member of Governor Andrew Cuomo's fracking commission, Kennedy helped engineer the Governor's 2013 ban on fracking in New York State.[114]

    Kennedy mounted a national effort against the construction of liquefied natural gas facilities.[115] Waterkeepers maintains a national watch that documents numerous crude oil spills annually.

    In 2013, Kennedy assisted the Chipewyan First Nation and the Beaver Lake Cree fighting to protect their land from tar sands production.[116] In February 2013, while protesting the Keystone XL Pipeline Kennedy, along with his son, Conor, was arrested for blocking a thoroughfare in front of the White House during a protest.[117] In August 2016, Kennedy and Waterkeeper participated in protests to block the extension of the Dakota Access pipeline across the Sioux Indian Standing Rock Reservation's water supply.[118]

    Kennedy has maintained that the oil industry remains competitive against renewables and electric cars only due to massive direct and indirect subsidies and political interventions on behalf of the oil industry. In a June 2017 interview on EnviroNews, Kennedy said about the oil industry, "That's what their strategy is: build as many miles of pipeline as possible. And what the industry is trying to do is to increase that level of infrastructure investment so our country won't be able to walk away from it.[119]

    Coal

    Under Kennedy's leadership, Waterkeeper launched its "Clean Coal is a Deadly Lie"[120] campaign in 2001, bringing dozens of lawsuits targeting mining practices, which include mountaintop removal,[121] slurry pond construction, and targeting mercury emissions and coal ash piles by coal-burning utilities.[122] Kennedy's Waterkeeper alliance has also been leading the fight against coal export, including from terminals in the Pacific Northwest.[123]

    Kennedy has promoted replacing coal energy with renewable energy, which, he argues, would thereby reduce costs and greenhouse gases while improving air and water quality, the health of the citizens, and the number and quality of jobs.[124] In June 2011, film producer Bill Haney televised his award-winning film The Last Mountain, co-written by Haney and Peter Rhodes, depicting Kennedy's fight to stop Appalachian mountaintop removal mining.[125]

    Nuclear power

    Kennedy has been an opponent of conventional nuclear power, arguing that it is unsafe and not economically competitive.[126] [127] In June 1981, he spoke at an anti-nuclear rally at the Hollywood Bowl with the musicians Stephen Stills, Bonnie Raitt, and Jackson Browne.[128]

    While working with Riverkeeper, he spearheaded a 34-year battle to close the Indian Point nuclear-power plant.[129] Kennedy was featured in a 2004 documentary about the plant, Indian Point: Imagining the Unimaginable, directed by his sister, the documentary filmmaker Rory Kennedy.[130]

    In 2017, Kennedy argued that the electricity Indian Point provided could be fully replaced by renewable energy. In 2022, after the plant's closure, carbon emissions from electricity generation in New York state increased by 37%, compared to 2019, before the start of the closure.[131] [132]

    Hydro

    In 1991, Kennedy helped lead a campaign to block Hydro-Québec from building the James Bay Hydro-project, a massive dam project in northern Quebec.[133]

    His campaigns helped block dams on Chile's Biobío River in 1990[134] and its Futaleufú River in 2016. In 2002, he mounted what was ultimately an unsuccessful battle against building a dam on Belize's Macal River. Kennedy termed the Chalillo Dam a boondoggle and brought a high-profile legal challenge against Fortis Inc., a Canadian power company and the monopoly owner of Belize's electric utility.[135] In a 3–2 ruling in 2003, the Privy Council of the United Kingdom upheld the Belizean government's decision to permit dam construction.[136] [137]

    In 2004, Kennedy met with provincial officials and brought foreign media and political visitors to Canada to protest the building of hydroelectric dams on Quebec's Magpie River.[138] Hydro-Québec dropped plans for the dam in 2017.[139]

    In November 2017, the Spanish hydroelectric syndicate Endesa decided to abandon HydroAysen, a massive project to construct dams on dozens of Patagonia's rivers accompanied by thousands of miles of roads, power lines and other infrastructure. Endesa returned its water rights to the Chilean government. The Chilean press credits advocacy by Kennedy and Riverkeeper as critical factors in the company's decision.[140]

    Cape Wind

    See main article: Cape Wind.

    In 2005, Kennedy clashed with national environmental groups over his opposition to the Cape Wind Project, a proposed offshore wind farm in Cape Cod, Massachusetts (in Nantucket Sound). Taking the side of Cape Cod's commercial fishing industry, Kennedy argued that the project was a costly boondoggle. This position angered some environmentalists, and brought Kennedy criticism by commentators such as Rush Limbaugh and John Stossel, the latter of whom called him a hypocrite.[141] Kennedy argued in an opinion piece in The Wall Street Journal, "Vermont wants to take its nuclear plant off line and replace it with clean, green power from Hydro-Québec—power available to Massachusetts utilities—at a cost of six cents per kilowatt hour (kwh). Cape Wind electricity, by a conservative estimate and based on figures they filed with the state, comes in at 25 cents per kwh."[142]

    Political views

    Kennedy's political rhetoric often uses conspiracy theories.[143] [144] [145]

    Economic inequality

    Kennedy expressed skepticism about the COVID-19 pandemic, contending that it served to benefit billionaires; according to Kennedy, the pandemic resulted in a "$4.4 trillion shift in wealth from the American middle class to this new oligarchy that we created—500 new billionaires with the lockdowns, and the billionaires that we already had increased their wealth by 30%". Kennedy has also said that the American government is dominated by corporate power; he said the Environmental Protection Agency was run by the "oil industry, the coal industry and the pesticide industry", and described the Food and Drug Administration as overly dominated by "Big Pharma".[146]

    Kennedy has stated his belief that "systematic" erosion of the middle class is taking place, remarking in a 2023 interview with UnHerd that American politicians have "been systematically hollowing out the American middle class and printing money to make billionaires richer". He said that the financial industry and the military–industrial complex are funded at the expense of the American middle class.[146] Kennedy sees a "vibrant middle class" as the economy's backbone and said that the economy has deteriorated because the middle class has become poorer.[147]

    In an interview with Andrew Serwer, Kennedy remarked that the gap between rich and poor in the U.S. had become too great and said, "the very wealthy people should pay more taxes and corporations". He also expressed his support for Massachusetts senator Elizabeth Warren's wealth tax plan, which would impose an annual tax of 2% on every dollar of a household's net worth over $50 million and 6% on every dollar of net worth over $1 billion.[148]

    Foreign affairs and military intervention

    Kennedy is critical of the United States' alliances with dictatorships like Saudi Arabia. He criticized the Saudi-led intervention in the Yemeni civil war, calling it a "genocide against the Iranian-backed Houthi tribe." Kennedy is a supporter of Israel. In December 2023, he had a heated exchange with Breaking Points host Krystal Ball, in what Rabbi Shmuley Boteach called "the single greatest defense of Israel on videos since the start of the" 2023 Israel–Hamas war.[149]

    An opponent of the military industry and foreign interventions, Kennedy was critical of the Iraq War as well as American support for Ukraine against Russia's invasion of the country. He condemned the Russian invasion of Ukraine,[150] but called the Russo-Ukrainian War "a U.S. war against Russia" and said the war's goal was to "sacrifice the flower of Ukrainian youth in an abattoir of death and destruction for the geopolitical ambition of the neocons".[146] He called for a peace agreement in Ukraine based on the Minsk Accords; in his view, the Donbas region should remain in Ukraine but also be given territorial autonomy and placed under the jurisdiction of United Nations peacekeeping forces, while Aegis missile systems should be removed from Eastern Europe.[151]

    Kennedy said Ukraine should be forbidden from joining NATO, and announced that as president he would consider admitting Russia to NATO and deescalating tensions with China.[146] [151] He said the 2014 Ukrainian revolution was an attempted coup sponsored by the U.S. against the Ukrainian government, and that the Ukrainian government committed atrocities against the Russian population in Donbas, wrongly claiming that all casualties of the Donbas War between 2014 and 2022 (about 14,000) were Russians.[152] He said that Russians living there "were being systematically killed by the Ukrainian government".[153]

    Kennedy attacked the operations of former CIA director Allen Dulles, condemning U.S.-backed coups and interventions such as the 1953 Iranian coup d'état as "bloodthirsty", and blamed U.S. interventions in countries such as Syria and Iran for the rise of terrorist organizations such as ISIS and creating anti-American sentiment in the region.[154] Kennedy said the CIA has no accountability and declared his intention to restructure the agency.[146]

    Kennedy's disapproval of U.S. intervention in foreign governments was expressed in a 1974 Atlantic Monthly article titled "Poor Chile", discussing the overthrow of Chilean President Salvador Allende.[155] He also wrote editorials against the execution of Pakistan President Zulfikar Ali Bhutto by General Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq.[156] [157] In 1975, he published an article in The Wall Street Journal criticizing the use of assassination as a foreign policy tool.[158] In 2005, he wrote an article for the Los Angeles Times decrying President Bush's use of torture as anti-American.[159] His uncle Senator Ted Kennedy entered the article into the Congressional Record.[160]

    In an article titled "Why the Arabs Don't Want Us in Syria" published in Politico in February 2016, Kennedy referred to the "bloody history that modern interventionists like George W. Bush, Ted Cruz, and Marco Rubio miss when they recite their narcissistic trope that Mideast nationalists 'hate us for our freedoms.' For the most part they don't; instead they hate us for the way we betrayed those freedoms—our own ideals—within their borders".[161] Kennedy blames the Syrian war on a pipeline dispute. He cites apparent WikiLeaks disclosures alleging that the CIA led military and intelligence planners to foment a Sunni uprising against Syria's president, Bashar al-Assad, following his rejection of a proposed Qatar-Turkey pipeline through Syria in 2009, well before the Arab Spring.[162]

    In a June 2023 interview, Kennedy said that in broad terms he believes that U.S. foreign relations should involve significantly reducing the military presence in other nations. He specifically said the country must "start unraveling the Empire" by closing U.S. bases in different locations worldwide.[163]

    Kennedy believes that the administration of President Joe Biden in large part caused the 2022 invasion of Ukraine by Russia due to reckless and militant action; he has specifically cited the issue of NATO expansion into Eastern Europe. At the same time, he has clarified that he refuses to connect this criticism with anything considered support of the government of Russia under Putin, particularly given Kennedy's ethical opposition to the regime's beliefs and politics. He has called Putin a "monster", a "thug", and a "gangster".[163]

    Environmental policy

    Calling himself "arguably the leading environmentalist in the country",[164] Kennedy promotes populist and anti-establishment environmental policies, claiming that the climate crisis was hijacked by "Bill Gates and the World Economic Forum and the billionaire boys' club in Davos". In a 2015 interview, of politicians skeptical of global warming, Kennedy said he "wished there were a law you could punish them under".[165] [166] He expressed his support for regenerative farming and said that environmentalists' priority should be to tackle the "carbon industry". He called the current society and economy unsustainable and based on a "longtime deadly addiction to coal and oil" and contended that the economic system rewards pollution. In 2020, Kennedy said: "Right now, we have a market that is governed by rules that were written by the carbon incumbents to reward the dirtiest, filthiest, most poisonous, most toxic, most war-mongering fields from hell, rather than the cheap, clean, green, wholesome and patriotic fields from heaven."[167] [168] [169]

    Kennedy stated his support for Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez's Green New Deal resolution and announced his plans to implement it.[170] He spoke out against geoengineering, claiming that geoengineering solutions are an attempt by big business to profit from climate change. Despite his reputation as environmentalist, he voiced his support for agrarian movements, saying in 2023: "If we want to have democracy, we need a broad ownership of our land by a wide variety of yeoman farmers, each with a stake in our system."[171] He opposes nuclear energy, considering it too expensive and unsafe. Kennedy believes that nuclear energy is a profit-making venture and that it is promoted by corporate lobbyists rather than environmental activists, saying in a 2023 interview, "it's not hippies in tie-dyed T-shirts who are saying it's dangerous; it's guys on Wall Street with suits and ties".[146]

    Throughout the presidency of George W. Bush, Kennedy was critical of Bush's environmental and energy policies, saying Bush was defunding and corrupting federal science projects.[172]

    Kennedy was also critical of Bush's 2003 hydrogen car initiative,[173] arguing that it was a gift to the fossil fuel industry disguised as a green automobile.[174]

    In 2003, Kennedy wrote an article in Rolling Stone about Bush's environmental record,[175] which he subsequently expanded into a New York Times bestselling book.[176] His opposition to the Bush administration's environmental policies earned him recognition as one of Rolling Stone "100 Agents of Change" on April 2, 2009.[177] [178]

    During an October 2012 interview with Politico, Kennedy called on environmentalists to direct their dissatisfaction towards the U.S. Congress rather than President Barack Obama, reasoning that Obama "didn't deliver" due to having a partisan U.S. Congress "like we haven't seen before in American history".[179] He said politicians who do not act on climate change policy serve special interests and sell out public trust. He said Charles and David Koch—the owners of Koch Industries, Inc., the nation's largest privately owned oil company—subverted democracy and made "themselves billionaires by impoverishing the rest of us".[180] Kennedy has spoken of the Koch Brothers as leading "the apocalyptical forces of Ignorance and Greed".[181]

    During the 2014 People's Climate March, Kennedy said: "American politics is driven by two forces. One is intensity, and the other is money. The Koch brothers have all the money. They're putting $300 million this year into their efforts to stop the climate bill. And the only thing we have in our power is people power, and that's why we need to put this demonstration on the street."[182]

    Questioning the validity of elections

    Kennedy has been critical of the integrity of the voting process. In June 2006, he published an article in Rolling Stone purporting to show that GOP operatives stole the 2004 presidential election for President George W. Bush. Most Democrats and Republicans regarded it as a conspiracy theory. The journalist Farhad Manjoo countered Kennedy's conclusions, writing: "If you do read Kennedy's article, be prepared to machete your way through numerous errors of interpretation and his deliberate omission of key bits of data."[183]

    Kennedy has written about the ease of election hacking and the dangers of voter purges and voter-identification laws. He wrote the introduction and a chapter in Billionaires and Ballot Bandits, a 2012 book on election hacking by the investigative journalist Greg Palast.[184]

    Political endorsements

    Kennedy was on his uncle Ted Kennedy's 1970 and 1976 Massachusetts senatorial campaigns, and was on the national staff and a state coordinator for his uncle's 1980 presidential campaign. He was a co-founder and a former board member of the New York League of Conservation Voters.[185] [186]

    Kennedy endorsed and campaigned for Vice President Al Gore during his 2000 presidential campaign, and openly opposed Ralph Nader's Green Party presidential campaign. In the 2004 presidential election, Kennedy endorsed John Kerry, noting his strong environmental record.[187]

    In late 2007, Kennedy and his sisters Kerry and Kathleen endorsed Hillary Clinton in the 2008 Democratic Party presidential primaries.[188] After the Democratic Convention, Kennedy campaigned for Obama across the country.[189] After the election, the Obama administration was reportedly considering Kennedy for administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, but felt his controversial statements and arrest for heroin possession in the 1980s made him unlikely to win Senate confirmation.[190] [191]

    Political aspirations

    Candidacy aspirations

    Kennedy considered running for political office in 2000, when New York Senator Daniel Patrick Moynihan did not seek reelection to the U.S. Senate seat formerly held by Kennedy's father.[192]

    In 2005, Kennedy considered running for New York attorney general in the 2006 election, which would have put him up against his then-brother-in-law Andrew Cuomo, but he ultimately chose not to, despite being considered the front-runner.[193]

    On December 2, 2008, Kennedy said he did not want New York Governor David Paterson to nominate him to the U.S. Senate seat to be vacated by Hillary Clinton, Obama's nominee for Secretary of State. Some outlets indicated that Kennedy was a possible candidate for the position. He said that Senate service would leave him too little time with his family.[194]

    2000s consideration for top environmental jobs

    As a "well-respected climate lawyer" in the 2000s, Kennedy was "often linked to top environmental jobs in Democratic administrations", including in the 2000, 2004, and 2008 presidential elections.[195] He was considered as a potential White House Council on Environmental Quality chair for Al Gore in 2000 and considered for the role of EPA administrator under John Kerry in 2004 and Barack Obama in 2008.

    According to Politico, the Obama transition team decided to not nominate Kennedy due to his past heroin conviction and opposition from Senate Republicans. Then United States Chamber of Commerce lobbyist William Kovacs said that Kennedy's nomination "would speak volumes as to where Obama is going with his appointments... A Kennedy appointment is as liberal as you can possibly get... There is no one [candidate] based firmer in extremes." Republican Senator Jim Inhofe of Oklahoma also criticized the proposal, saying Kennedy was too radical and would further a left-wing agenda if appointed.

    2024 presidential campaign

    See main article: Robert F. Kennedy Jr. 2024 presidential campaign. In a speech in New Hampshire on March 3, 2023, Kennedy said he was considering a run for president in 2024: "I am thinking about it. I've passed the biggest hurdle, which is that my wife has greenlighted it."[196]

    Kennedy filed his candidacy for the Democratic presidential nomination on April 5, 2023.[197] On October 9, 2023, he became an independent candidate in the election.[198] He is the fifth member of his family to seek the presidency of the United States.

    Kennedy was considered for nomination for the Libertarian Party's candidate for president in May 2024, but lost to Chase Oliver.[199] In Colorado, the state Libertarian Party selected Kennedy, but Oliver will appear on the ballot as the Libertarians' candidate and Kennedy will be listed as Independent.[200] [201]

    Kennedy's campaign has been noted for receiving significant support from Republican donors and Trump allies who believe he will serve as a 'spoiler', taking votes of those who would have otherwise voted for Joe Biden.[202] In August 2023, it was revealed that Timothy Mellon donated $5 million to Kennedy's Super PAC,[203] making him Kennedy's largest single donor, while also donating $15 million to Donald Trump's Super PAC MAGA Inc.[204] Mellon donated another $5 million to Kennedy's super PAC in April 2024 and $50 million to MAGA Inc. in May.[205] [206]

    Anti-vaccine advocacy and conspiracy theories on public health

    Overview

    Kennedy is a prominent voice in the anti-vaccine movement, spreading anti-vaccine misinformation, disinformation, and propaganda.[7] [207] [208]

    The infectious disease specialist Michael Osterholm has said that Kennedy's "anti-vaccine disinformation" is effective "because it's portrayed to the public with graphs and figures and what appears to be scientific data. He has perfected the art of illusion of fact." Osterholm added: "this is about people's lives. And the consequences of promoting this kind of disinformation, as credible as it may seem, is simply dangerous."[208]

    Kennedy has said that he is not against vaccines but wants them to be more thoroughly tested and investigated.[209] [210] In Thimerosal: Let the Science Speak, Kennedy writes that he does not see himself as anti-vaccine: "People who advocate for safer vaccines should not be marginalized or denounced as anti-vaccine. I am pro-vaccine. I had all six of my children vaccinated. I believe that vaccines have saved the lives of hundreds of millions of humans over the past century and that broad vaccine coverage is critical to public health. But I want our vaccines to be as safe as possible."[211]

    Vaccines and autism claims

    See also: Vaccines and autism. Kennedy chairs the Children's Health Defense (formerly known as the World Mercury Project), an anti-vaccine advocacy group he joined in 2015.[212] In its early years, the group focused on mercury in industry and medicine, especially the ethylmercury used in thimerosal in vaccines.[213] [214] The group alleges that many American children have conditions as diverse as autism, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, food allergies, cancer, and autoimmune diseases due to exposure to certain chemicals and radiation. Children's Health Defense has blamed and campaigned against vaccines, fluoridation of drinking water, paracetamol (acetaminophen), aluminum, and wireless communication, among other things. The group has been identified as one of two major buyers of anti-vaccine Facebook advertising in late 2018 and early 2019.[215] [216] Members of his family have criticized Kennedy and his organization, saying he spreads "dangerous misinformation" and that his work has "heartbreaking" consequences.[217]

    Kennedy and Children's Health Defense have falsely claimed that vaccines cause autism.[213] [218] Kennedy focused on the subset of vaccines that contained thimerosal, a mercury-based anti-microbial that has been falsely claimed to cause autism.[219] Thimerosal has never been used in MMR, chickenpox, pneumococcal conjugate and inactivated polio vaccines, and in 2001 was removed from all other childhood (under 6 years old) vaccines except for a few versions of flu and hepatitis vaccines.[220] No childhood vaccine now contains more than traces (1 microgram or less) of thimerosal, except for flu, which is also available without thimerosal in the US.[221] For those 6 years and older, including pregnant women, all vaccines are now available in versions with only trace amounts of thimerosal.[222]

    In 2020, the Center for Countering Digital Hate stated that Kennedy uses his status as an environmental activist to bolster the anti-vaccination movement, regularly appearing in online conversations with the discredited British former doctor Andrew Wakefield, the anti-vaccination activist Del Bigtree, and the conspiracy theorist Rashid Buttar. Kennedy is listed as executive producer of Vaxxed II: The People's Truth, the 2019 sequel to Wakefield's and Bigtree's anti-vaccination documentary Vaxxed.[223]

    In February 2021, Kennedy's Instagram account was deleted "for repeatedly sharing debunked claims" about COVID-19 vaccines.[224] [225] In March 2021, the Center for Countering Digital Hate identified Kennedy as one of 12 people responsible for up to 65% of anti-vaccine content on Facebook and Twitter.[226]

    Kennedy has said that governments and the media are conspiring to deny that vaccines cause autism.[227] [228] [229] [230]

    Writings and speeches promoting anti-vaccine theories

    In June 2005, Kennedy wrote an article, "Deadly Immunity", that appeared in both Rolling Stone and Salon.com and alleged a government conspiracy to conceal a connection between thimerosal and childhood neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism.[231] The article contained factual errors, leading Salon to issue five corrections.[232] Joan Walsh, Salon.coms editor-in-chief at the time and the sole Salon editor of the piece, said she had mistakenly relied on Rolling Stone's fact-checking, a process she later learned was "less than arduous". As soon as the piece was up, she said, "we were besieged by scientists and advocates showing how Kennedy had misunderstood, incorrectly cited, and perhaps even falsified data.... It was the worst mistake of my career. I probably should have been fired."[233]

    Six years later Salon.com retracted the article in its entirety.[232] It said the retraction was motivated by accumulating evidence of alleged errors and scientific fraud underlying the vaccine-autism claim.[234] A corrected version of the original article was published on Rolling Stone's website.[231] Kennedy said on the The Joe Rogan Experience, and was paraphrased in The New York Times as saying, that "Salon caved to pressure from government regulators and the pharmaceutical industry." Walsh responded: "That's just another lie. We caved to pressure from the incontrovertible truth and our journalistic consciences."

    In May 2013, Kennedy delivered the keynote address at the anti-vaccination[235] AutismOne / Generation Rescue conference.[236] [237]

    In 2014, Kennedy's book Thimerosal: Let the Science Speak: The Evidence Supporting the Immediate Removal of Mercurya Known Neurotoxinfrom Vaccines, was published. While methylmercury is a potent neurotoxin, ethylmercury, as used in vaccine preservatives, is safe.[238] The book's preface is by Mark Hyman, a proponent of the alternative medical treatment called functional medicine.[239] Kennedy has published many articles on the inclusion of thimerosal in vaccines.[240] [241] [242] [243]

    Describing vaccinations as a "holocaust"

    In April 2015, Kennedy participated in a Speakers' Forum to promote the film Trace Amounts, which promotes the discredited claim of a link between autism and mercury in vaccinations. At a screening, he called the increased cases of autism (which he calls an "autism epidemic") a "holocaust".[244]

    Meeting with Donald Trump

    On January 10, 2017, incoming White House Press Secretary Sean Spicer confirmed that Kennedy and President-elect Donald Trump met to discuss a position in the Trump administration. Kennedy said afterward that he had accepted an offer from Trump to chair the Vaccine Safety Task Force, but a spokeswoman for Trump's transition said that no final decision had been made.[245] In an August 2017 interview with STAT News reporter Helen Branswell, Kennedy said that he had been meeting with federal public health regulators at the White House's request to discuss defects in vaccine safety science.[246]

    Controversy with Robert De Niro

    On February 15, 2017, Kennedy and the actor Robert De Niro gave a press conference at the National Press Club in Washington, D.C., in which they said the press were working for the vaccination industry and did not allow debates on vaccination science. They offered a $100,000 reward to any journalist or other citizen who could point to a study showing that it is safe to inject mercury into babies and pregnant women at levels currently contained in flu vaccines. Craig Foster, a psychology professor who studies pseudoscience, deemed the challenge "not science", observing that it was a "carefully constructed 'contest' that allows its creators to generate the misleading outcome they presumably want to see". He also stated, "Proving that something is safe is importantly different than proving that something is harmful".[247]

    Samoa measles outbreak

    On June 4, 2019, during a visit to Samoa coinciding with its 57th annual independence celebration, Kennedy appeared in an Instagram photo with Australian-Samoan anti-vaccine activist Taylor Winterstein. Kennedy's charity and Winterstein have both perpetuated the allegation that the MMR vaccine played a role in the 2018 deaths of two Samoan infants, despite the subsequent revelation that the infants had mistakenly received a muscle relaxant along with the vaccine. Kennedy has drawn criticism for fueling vaccine hesitancy amid a social climate that gave rise to the 2019 Samoa measles outbreak, which killed over 70 people, and the 2019 Tonga measles outbreak.[248] [249] [250]

    COVID-19

    See also: COVID-19 misinformation. During the COVID-19 pandemic, Kennedy promoted multiple conspiracy theories related to COVID, including false claims that Anthony Fauci and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation were trying to profit off a vaccine,[251] [252] [253] and suggesting that Bill Gates would cut off access to money of people who do not get vaccinated, allowing them to starve.[254] In August 2020, Kennedy appeared in an hour-long interview with Alec Baldwin on Instagram and touted a number of incorrect and misleading claims about vaccines and public health measures related to the pandemic. Public health officials and scientists criticized Baldwin for letting Kennedy's claims go unchallenged.[255] Kennedy has promoted misinformation about the COVID-19 vaccine, falsely suggesting that it contributed to the death of Hank Aaron and others.[256] [257] In February 2021, his Instagram account was blocked for "repeatedly sharing debunked claims about the coronavirus or vaccines".[258] [259] The Center for Countering Digital Hate identified Kennedy as one of the main propagators of conspiracy theories about Bill Gates and 5G phone technology. His conspiracy theory activities increased his social media impact considerably; between the spring and fall of 2020, his Instagram account grew from 121,000 followers to 454,000.[260] [261]

    In November 2021, Kennedy's book was published. In it, Kennedy alleges that Fauci sabotaged treatments for AIDS, violated federal laws, and conspired with Bill Gates and social media companies such as Facebook to suppress information about COVID-19 cures, to leave vaccines as the only option to fight the pandemic.[262] [263] In the book, Kennedy calls Fauci "a powerful technocrat who helped orchestrate and execute 2020s historic coup d'etat against Western democracy." He claims without proof that Fauci and Gates had schemed to prolong the pandemic and exaggerate its effects, promoting expensive vaccinations for the benefit of "a powerful vaccine cartel".[264] The book repeats several discredited myths about the COVID-19 pandemic, notably about the effectiveness of ivermectin. The Neue Zürcher Zeitung wrote that in the book "polemics alternate with chapters that pedantically seek to substantiate Kennedy's accusations with numerous quotations and studies." Kennedy also released a video depicting Fauci with a Hitler mustache.[265] In response to the book, Fauci called Kennedy "a very disturbed individual".[266]

    Kennedy wrote the foreword to Plague of Corruption, a 2020 book by the former research scientist and the anti-vaccine conspiracy theorist Judy Mikovits.

    On August 29, 2020, Kennedy appeared as a speaker at a partially violent demonstration in Berlin where populist groups called for an end to restrictions caused by COVID-19.[267] [268] His YouTube account was removed in late September 2021 for breaking the company's new policies on vaccine misinformation.[269]

    During a speech on January 23, 2022, at an anti-vaccination rally on the National Mall in Washington D.C., Kennedy said: "Even in Hitler's Germany, you could cross the Alps into Switzerland, you could hide in the attic like Anne Frank did. Today the mechanisms are being put in place that will make it so none of us can run, none of us can hide."[270] The Auschwitz Memorial responded on Twitter: "Exploiting of the tragedy of people who suffered, were humiliated, tortured & murdered by the totalitarian regime of Nazi Germany—including children like Anne Frank—in a debate about vaccines & limitations during global pandemic is a sad symptom of moral & intellectual decay." Kennedy's wife, the actress Cheryl Hines, also condemned his comments, tweeting that the reference to Frank was "reprehensible and insensitive."[271] Two days later, Kennedy apologized for his comment.[265] In June 2023, Instagram reinstated his account.[272]

    At a private dinner in July 2023, Kennedy was recorded saying, "there is an argument that [COVID-19] is ethnically targeted", adding, "COVID-19 is targeted to attack Caucasians and Black people. The people who are the most immune are Ashkenazi Jews and Chinese ... we don't know whether it's deliberately targeted or not." The American Jewish Committee and the Anti-Defamation League immediately condemned his remarks, with the latter saying that Kennedy's statement "feeds into sinophobic and antisemitic conspiracy theories".[273] [274] Kennedy responded that he "never, ever suggested that the COVID-19 virus was targeted to spare Jews" and that he does not "believe and never implied that the ethnic effect was deliberately engineered". He explained his remarks by citing a 2021 study that he said showed that "COVID-19 appears to disproportionately affect certain races" due to racial differences in the effectiveness of COVID-19's furin cleave docking site, thus serving "as a kind of proof of concept for ethnically targeted bioweapons".[275] Experts roundly criticized these further claims, pointing out that the study said nothing about Chinese people or bioweapons and that Chinese people and Ashkenazi Jews contract COVID at rates similar to other ethnic groups and nationalities. The virologist Angela Rasmussen said, "Jewish or Chinese protease consensus sequences are not a thing in biochemistry, but they are in racism and antisemitism".

    Medical racism conspiracy theory

    See also: Racial disparities in the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States and Medical racism in the United States. Kennedy targets Black Americans with anti-vaccine propaganda and conspiracy theories, linking vaccination with instances of medical racism such as the Tuskegee Syphilis Study.[276] [207] Echoing others in the anti-vaccination movement, Children's Health Defense claimed that the U.S. government seeks to harm ethnic minorities by prioritizing them for COVID vaccines. In early March 2021, Children's Health Defense released an anti-vaccine propaganda video, "", that promotes COVID-19 conspiracy theories and claims that COVID-19 vaccination efforts are medical experiments on Black people. Kennedy appears in the video, inviting viewers to disregard information dispensed by health authorities and doctors. Brandi Collin-Dexter, a Fellow at the Shorenstein Center on Media, Politics and Public Policy said, "the notorious figures and false narratives in the documentary were recognizable" and "the film's incompatible narratives sought to take advantage of the pain felt by Black communities".[277] [278] At the urging of disinformation experts, the film was removed from Facebook, but Kennedy was permitted to keep his account.[279]

    HIV/AIDS denialism

    In his book The Real Anthony Fauci: Bill Gates, Big Pharma, and the War on Democracy and Public Health, Kennedy writes that he takes "no position on the relationship between HIV and AIDS",[262] but spends over 100 pages quoting HIV denialists such as Peter Duesberg who question the isolation of HIV and the etiology of AIDS.[280] Kennedy refers to the "orthodoxy that HIV alone causes AIDS"[262] and the "theology that HIV is the sole cause of AIDS",[262] and repeats the false HIV/AIDS denialist claim that no one has isolated the HIV particle and "No one has been able to point to a study that demonstrates their hypothesis using accepted scientific proofs". He also repeats the false claim that the early AIDS drug AZT is "absolutely fatal"[262] due to its "horrendous toxicity".[262] Molecular biologist Dan Wilson points out that Kennedy falsely claims that Luc Montagnier, the discoverer of HIV, was a "convert" to Duesberg's fringe hypothesis. Wilson concludes that Kennedy is a "full blown" HIV/AIDS denialist.[280] [262]

    Pushback from the Kennedy family

    Several members of Kennedy's close family have distanced themselves from his anti-vaccination activities and conspiracy theories on public health, and condemned his comments equating public health measures with Nazi war crimes.[281] On May 8, 2019, his niece Maeve Kennedy McKean and elder siblings Kathleen and Joseph wrote an open letter saying that while Kennedy has championed many admirable causes, he "has helped to spread dangerous misinformation over social media and is complicit in sowing distrust of the science behind vaccines".[282] On December 30, 2020, another niece, Kerry Kennedy Meltzer, a physician, wrote a similar open letter, saying that her uncle published misinformation about COVID-19 vaccines' side effects.[283]

    Other opinions

    Food allergies

    Kennedy was a founding board member of the Food Allergy Initiative. His son has anaphylactic peanut allergies. Kennedy wrote the foreword to The Peanut Allergy Epidemic, in which he and the authors falsely link increasing food allergies in children to certain vaccines that were approved beginning in 1989.[284] [285]

    Murder of Martha Moxley

    In 2003, Kennedy published an article in The Atlantic Monthly about the 1975 murder of Martha Moxley in Greenwich, Connecticut, in which he insists that his cousin Michael Skakel's indictment "was triggered by an inflamed media, and that an innocent man is now in prison". Kennedy argues that evidence suggests that Kenneth Littleton, the Skakel family's live-in tutor, killed Moxley, and calls investigative journalist Dominick Dunne the "driving force" behind Skakel's prosecution.[286] In 2016, Kennedy released the book Framed: Why Michael Skakel Spent over a Decade in Prison for a Murder He Didn't Commit.[287] In 2017, the rights to the book were optioned by FX Productions to develop a multi-part television series.[288]

    In 2018, Skakel's conviction was vacated,[289] and in 2020, prosecutors decided not to seek a new trial.[290]

    Assassinations of John F. Kennedy and Robert F. Kennedy

    On the evening of January 11, 2013, Charlie Rose interviewed Kennedy and his sister Rory at the Winspear Opera House in Dallas as a part of then Dallas Mayor Mike Rawlings's hand-chosen committee's year-long program of celebrating John F. Kennedy's life and presidency.[291] Of JFK's assassination, RFK Jr. said his father was "fairly convinced" Lee Harvey Oswald had not acted alone and believed the Warren Commission report was a "shoddy piece of craftsmanship". According to RFK Jr. in January 2013, "The evidence at this point I think is very, very convincing that it was not a lone gunman".[292] He endorsed the 2013 edition of JFK and the Unspeakable, saying it had moved him to visit Dealey Plaza for the first time.[293]

    In November 2023, approaching the 60th anniversary of the assassination, RFK Jr. launched a petition on his presidential campaign website[294] for the Biden administration to release the estimated remaining 1% of documents related to the case. He said that finally releasing full and unredacted documents could help restore trust in the government.[295]

    In an interview on Lex Fridman's podcast, Kennedy said that the evidence that the CIA was involved in the assassination was "beyond any reasonable doubt".[296]

    Kennedy does not believe that Sirhan Sirhan fired the shot that killed his father, Robert F. Kennedy. Based on the testimony of eyewitnesses, especially Paul Schrade, who was standing next to Kennedy and was shot himself, as well as the autopsy, he believes there was a second gunman.[297] In December 2017, he visited the Richard J. Donovan Correctional Facility in San Diego to meet Sirhan. After meeting Sirhan, he gave his support for a reinvestigation of the assassination.

    Gender dysphoria

    In a June 2023 podcast interview with Jordan Peterson, Kennedy posited that several issues in children, including gender dysphoria, might be linked to atrazine contamination in the water supply. He cited a 2010 study by Hayes[298] that claims that acute atrazine exposure causes chemical castration and feminization in frogs, leading some to become hermaphrodites. Kennedy suggested that there was other evidence indicating potential effects on humans.[299] YouTube removed the interview under its vaccine misinformation policy, a decision Peterson and Kennedy criticized as censorship.[300] Various publications denounced the theory, such as NBC News,[301] Philadelphia Gay News,[302] The Independent, and Vice.[303]

    After media criticism, a spokesperson for Kennedy's 2024 presidential campaign told CNN that he was being mischaracterized and that he was not claiming that endocrine disruptors were the sole cause of gender dysphoria, but rather proposing further research.[304] Andrea Gore, a professor of neuroendocrinology at the University of Texas at Austin, said, "I don't think people should be making statements about the relationship between environmental chemicals and changes in sexuality when there's zero evidence".

    Personal life

    General interests

    Kennedy is a licensed master falconer and has trained hawks since he was 11. He breeds hawks and falcons and is also licensed as a raptor propagator and a wildlife rehabilitator.[305] He holds permits for Federal Game Keeper, Bird Bander, and Scientific Collector. He was president of the New York State Falconry Association from 1988 to 1991. In 1987, while on Governor Mario Cuomo's New York State Falconry Advising Committee, Kennedy authored New York State's examination to qualify apprentice falconers. Later that year, he wrote the New York State Apprentice Falconer's Manual, which was published by the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation and remains in use.[306]

    Kennedy is also a whitewater kayaker. His father introduced him and his siblings to whitewater kayaking during trips down the Green and Yampa Rivers in Utah and Colorado, the Columbia River, the Middle Fork Salmon in Idaho, and the Upper Hudson Gorge. Between 1976 and 1981, Kennedy was a partner and guide at a whitewater company, Utopian, based in West Forks, Maine. He organized and led several "first-descent" whitewater expeditions to Latin America, including three hitherto unexplored rivers: the Apurimac, Peru, in 1975; the Atrato, Colombia, in 1979; and the Caroni, Venezuela, in 1982.[307] In 1993 he made an early descent of the Great Whale River in northern Quebec, Canada.[308]

    In 2015, Kennedy took two of his sons to the Yukon to visit Mount Kennedy and run the Alsek River, a whitewater river fed by the Alsek Glacier. Mount Kennedy was Canada's highest unclimbed peak when the Canadian government named it for John F. Kennedy in 1964.[309] In 1965, Robert F. Kennedy Sr. was the first person to climb Mount Kennedy.[310]

    Marriages and children

    On April 3, 1982, Kennedy married Emily Ruth Black, whom he met at the University of Virginia School of Law.[311] They had two children: Robert Francis "Bobby" Kennedy III (born 1984 and married to the writer, peace activist, and former Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) officer Amaryllis Fox) and Kathleen Alexandra ("Kick") Kennedy (born 1988).[312] The latter shares the nickname of her great-aunt, Kathleen Cavendish, Marchioness of Hartington.[313] Kennedy and Black separated in 1992 and divorced in 1994.[314]

    On April 15, 1994, Kennedy married Mary Kathleen Richardson aboard a research vessel on the Hudson River.[315] They had four children. On May 12, 2010, Kennedy filed for divorce from Mary. On May 16, 2012, Mary was found dead in a building on the grounds of her home in Bedford, New York. The Westchester County Medical Examiner ruled the death a suicide due to asphyxiation from hanging.[316] Later it was reported that Mary had seen Kennedy's personal journal from 2001, in which he recorded sexual encounters with 37 different women.[317]

    Kennedy married the actress Cheryl Hines on August 2, 2014, at the Kennedy Compound. The couple were introduced by Larry David, Hines's co-star on HBO's Curb Your Enthusiasm, and began dating in 2012.[318] [319] Kennedy and Hines reside in Los Angeles, California[320] and Cape Cod, Massachusetts.[321]

    Health

    During Kennedy's college years, he started having heart problems, which he has said were caused by caffeine, stress, and sleep deprivation.

    In his 40s, Kennedy developed adductor spasmodic dysphonia, an organic voice disorder that causes his voice to quaver and makes speech difficult. It is a form of involuntary movement affecting the larynx, related to dystonia.[285] [24] [322] [323] [324] Kennedy said he traveled to Kyoto, Japan, for Type II thyroplasty (lateralization thyroplasty), where a titanium bridge was inserted between his vocal cords to relieve the disorder.

    Kennedy began experiencing severe short- and long-term memory loss and mental fog in 2010. In a 2012 divorce court deposition, he attributed neurological issues to "a worm that got into my brain and ate a portion of it and then died", in addition to mercury poisoning from eating large quantities of tuna fish.[325] [326] The Washington Post reported that Kennedy's campaign "has not released his medical records that could verify his account, and Kennedy has previously spread health misinformation, including about mercury in vaccines."[327]

    Religion

    Kennedy is a Catholic.[328] In 2005, journalist Michael Paulson called him "a deeply devout Catholic who attends daily Mass".[329] Kennedy considers Francis of Assisi his patron saint and a role model.[328] In a 2005 interview with The Boston Globe, he said he was deeply inspired by Francis's devotion to social justice, helping the poor, animal welfare, and environmentalism; Francis is a patron saint of ecology.[329] In 2004, Kennedy published a biography, Saint Francis of Assisi: A Life of Joy.[329] He also said Catholicism was a vehicle of his environmentalism, adding, "environmental work is spiritual work".[329] Despite identifying as pro-life,[329] Kennedy also identifies with liberal Catholicism.[146] He criticized the church's argument that John Kerry should have been denied communion because of his support for abortion rights.[329] In a 2018 interview with Vatican News, Kennedy expressed his admiration for Pope John XXIII and stated his belief that "the Church should be an instrument of justice and kindness around the world".[330]

    Sexual assault allegations

    In July 2024, Vanity Fair reported that in the late 1990s, when he was in his 40s, Kennedy engaged in sexual misconduct with Eliza Cooney, a 23-year-old part-time babysitter for his children.[331] Cooney alleges that Kennedy groped her and touched her inappropriately on multiple occasions and asked her to rub lotion on his back when the two were alone in a bedroom.[332] Kennedy called this Vanity Fair piece a "lot of garbage". When asked specifically about Cooney's allegation, he responded, "I am not a church boy. I had a very, very rambunctious youth. I said in my announcement speech that I have so many skeletons in my closet that if they could all vote, I could run for king of the world." When pressed further, he said he had no comment.

    Animal cruelty allegations

    In July 2024, an image of Kennedy holding a charred animal carcass captured in 2010 surfaced in a Vanity Fair story, which alleged that the carcass belonged to a dog and that Kennedy ate it.[332] Kennedy denied that he ate dog meat, and said the animal carcass in the picture was a goat.[333]

    In August 2024, Kennedy released a video on Twitter featuring Roseanne Barr, acknowledging that he placed a six-month-old dead bear in Central Park after initially planning to skin it for meat.[334] Kennedy claimed that the bear had been hit by a car in front of him and that he ultimately abandoned the carcass due to concerns that it would spoil before he could preserve it, deliberately positioning the body to give the impression that it had been struck by a cyclist in Central Park.[335] He released the video in advance of a story in The New Yorker, which detailed the incident that occurred in October 2014.[336] At the time of the incident, the culprit behind the bear's death was unknown, and a necropsy by the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation found that the death was caused by "blunt force injuries consistent with a motor vehicle collision".[337]

    Selected works

    Kennedy has written books on subjects such as the environment, his anti-vaccination stance, biography, and American heroes.

    Children's books

    References

    Citations

    External links

    Notes and References

    1. Web site: Agee . J'nelle . March 18, 2017 . Robert F. Kennedy Jr. Resigns from Riverkeeper . live. https://web.archive.org/web/20171004135637/http://spectrumlocalnews.com/nys/hudson-valley/news/2017/03/17/robert-kennedy-jr-resigns-from-riverkeeper . October 4, 2017 . April 12, 2023 . Spectrum News.
    2. Web site: Robert F. Kennedy, Jr. . JW Howard Attorneys . May 2, 2023 . May 2, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230502054603/https://jwhowardattorneys.com/member/rfk-jr/ . live.
    3. Web site: Smith . Steve . April 29, 2015 . RFK Jr. to address College of Law graduates . live. https://web.archive.org/web/20171004085140/http://news.unl.edu/newsrooms/today/article/rfk-jr-to-address-college-of-law-graduates . October 4, 2017 . April 12, 2023 . Nebraska Today.
    4. Web site: Robert F. Kennedy, Jr. Resigns as Waterkeeper Alliance President . Waterkeeper Alliance . November 10, 2020 . 10 August 2024.
    5. Multiple sources:
    6. Multiple sources:
      • The Anti-Vaxx Playbook . 2020 . . June 9, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220709180456/https://counterhate.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/210106-The-Anti-Vaxx-Playbook.pdf . July 9, 2022 . live . .
      • News: Oshin . Olafimihan . January 23, 2022 . Auschwitz Memorial says RFK Jr. speech at anti-vaccine rally exploits Holocaust tragedy . https://web.archive.org/web/20220124023519/https://thehill.com/homenews/state-watch/590995-auschwitz-memorial-says-rfk-jr-speech-at-anti-vaccine-rally-exploits . January 24, 2022 . January 27, 2022 . The Hill . During a speech at the rally, Kennedy, a conspiracy theorist and prominent anti-vaxxer, warned of a massive surveillance network created with satellites in space and 5G mobile networks collecting data..
      • January 25, 2022 . Cheryl Hines Blasts Husband RFK Jr. for Holocaust Remark . https://web.archive.org/web/20220125193828/https://www.thewrap.com/cheryl-hines-rfk-jr-husband-holocaust-comparison/ . January 25, 2022 . January 27, 2022 . . Cheryl Hines has publicly condemned a statement made by her husband Robert F. Kennedy Jr. at a rally on Sunday, in which the environmental lawyer and conspiracy theorist likened COVID regulations to the Holocaust..
      • Web site: December 18, 2021 . Guests urged to be vaccinated at anti-vaxxer Robert F Kennedy Jr's party . https://web.archive.org/web/20211218183905/https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2021/dec/18/robert-f-kennedy-jr-cheryl-hines-party-vaccinated-guests . December 18, 2021 . January 27, 2022 . The Guardian . The younger Kennedy has campaigned on environmental issues but is also a leading vaccines conspiracy theorist and activist against shots including those approved to combat Covid-19, which has killed more than 805,000 in the US and more than 5.3 million worldwide..
      • Dorn . Sara . RFK Jr. Makes Unfounded Claims About Mass Shootings, Covid-19: Here Are All The Conspiracies He Promotes . https://archive.today/20230622172724/https://www.forbes.com/sites/saradorn/2023/06/06/rfk-jr-makes-unfounded-claims-about-mass-shootings-covid-19-here-are-all-the-conspiracies-he-promotes/?sh=6ed5ac303acc . June 22, 2023 . June 22, 2023 . Forbes.
      • News: July 6, 2023 . Robert F. Kennedy Jr.'s Conspiracy Theories Go Beyond Vaccines . October 12, 2023 . The New York Times . Robert F. Kennedy Jr., an environmental lawyer, is a leading vaccine skeptic and purveyor of conspiracy theories who has leaned heavily on misinformation as he mounts his long-shot 2024 campaign for the Democratic nomination..
    7. Mnookin. Seth. January 11, 2017. How Robert F. Kennedy, Jr., Distorted Vaccine Science. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20170112025044/https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/how-robert-f-kennedy-jr-distorted-vaccine-science1/. January 12, 2017. . For more than a decade, Kennedy has promoted anti-vaccine propaganda completely unconnected to reality..
    8. News: Nagourney . Adam . Adam Nagourney . February 26, 2022 . A Kennedy's Crusade Against Covid Vaccines Anguishes Family and Friends . The New York Times . April 1, 2023 . 0362-4331 . February 28, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220228163440/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/02/26/us/robert-kennedy-covid-vaccine.html . live.
    9. Book: Kennedy Jr. . Robert F. . The Riverkeepers: Two Activists Fight to Reclaim Our Environment as a Basic Human Right . 1999 . Scribner . 92 . ... Virginia and Cape Cod (Massachusetts) homes of my youth.
    10. Web site: Newlyweds Cheryl Hines, Robert F. Kennedy, Jr. Buy Malibu Compound . . in Hyannis Port, Massachusetts, where he was raised . March 5, 2023 . September 25, 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140925062836/https://abcnews.go.com/Business/photos/newlyweds-cheryl-hines-robert-kennedy-jr-buy-malibu-25677704/image-25678078 . live.
    11. Web site: Hickory Hill: RFK's Virginia Home . PBS . May 2, 2023 . May 2, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230502145106/https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/rfk-hickory-hill-robert-and-ethel-kennedys-virginia-home/ . live.
    12. Kennedy Jr.. Robert. Oprah Winfrey. Oprah Talks to Bobby Kennedy Jr.. February 2007. O, The Oprah Magazine. July 28, 2023.
    13. News: Storrin . Matt . June 7, 1969 . Folk Mass Honors RFK . 4 . The Boston Globe . Newspapers.com.
    14. News: June 7, 1970 . Robert Kennedy's Words Sung In Mass Marking Assassination . The New York Times. live . April 12, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20200113141004/https://www.nytimes.com/1970/06/07/archives/robert-kennedys-words-sung-in-mass-marking-assassination.html . January 13, 2020 . 0362-4331.
    15. News: Kovach . Bill . Kennedy, Shriver Boys on Probation . The New York Times . August 7, 1970 . May 2, 2023 . May 2, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230502155353/https://www.nytimes.com/1970/08/07/archives/kennedy-shriver-boys-on-probation.html . live.
    16. News: Robert Kennedy Jr. Marijuana . Associated Press . August 6, 1970 . May 2, 2023 . May 2, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230502155353/https://newsroom.ap.org/editorial-photos-videos/detail?itemid=ff0d556c9ee5da11af9f0014c2589dfb&mediatype=photo . live.
    17. Book: Taraborrelli . J. Randy . The Kennedy Heirs: John, Caroline, and the New Generation – A Legacy of Tragedy and Triumph . 2019 . St. Martin's Publishing Group . 183.
    18. Encyclopedia: Robert F. Kennedy, Jr. . . May 13, 2024 . 16 May 2024.
    19. Book: Oppenheimer, Jerry . Jerry Oppenheimer . 2015 . RFK Jr.: Robert F. Kennedy Jr. and the Dark Side of the Dream . 129–145 . registration . St. Martin's Press . 978-1-250-03295-9 . 908838847.
    20. Crash Landing For Bobby . Time. September 26, 1983 .
    21. http://www.backbonecampaign.org/cabinet/nominee.cfm?ID=62 The Backbone Cabinet – A Progressive Cabinet Roster
    22. Web site: Now it's ADA John F. Kennedy Jr. . United Press International . May 2, 2023.
    23. News: Robert Kennedy Jr. Admits He Is Guilty In Possessing Heroin . January 13, 2020 . . February 18, 1984 . January 13, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200113140902/https://www.nytimes.com/1984/02/18/us/robert-kennedy-jr-admits-he-is-guilty-in-possessing-heroin.html . live.
    24. News: Mark Leibovich . Mark Leibovich . Another Kennedy Living Dangerously. January 13, 2020 . The New York Times . June 25, 2006 . December 29, 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20171229012701/http://www.nytimes.com/2006/06/25/fashion/25bobby.html . live.
    25. News: Worth . Robert . A Kennedy and His Mentor Part Ways Over River Group . . November 5, 2000 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150527131738/https://www.nytimes.com/2000/11/05/nyregion/a-kennedy-and-his-mentor-part-ways-over-river-group.html . May 27, 2015 . March 3, 2024.
    26. Cronin, John; Kennedy, Robert F. Jr. (1997). The Riverkeepers: Two Activists Fight to Reclaim Our Environment as a Basic Human Right. New York: Scribner. p. 304. .
    27. News: Dunlap . David W. . David W. Dunlap . Perlez . Jane . Jane Perlez . June 4, 1985 . New York Day by Day: A Quiet Victory For Robert F. Kennedy Jr. . The New York Times . live . April 12, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20171122030818/http://www.nytimes.com/1985/06/04/nyregion/new-york-day-by-day-a-quiet-victory-for-robert-f-kennedy-jr.html . November 22, 2017 . 0362-4331.
    28. "Our core mission: Environmental enforcement". 2016. Riverkeeper Journal.
    29. Web site: Soundkeeper's History . June 8, 2024 . Save the Sound.
    30. Navasky . Bruno . August 11, 2016 . Robert F. Kennedy Jr. on the Environment, Election, and a 'Dangerous' Donald Trump . limited . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20191101010229/https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2016/08/robert-f-kennedy-jr-on-the-environment-election-and-donald-trump . November 1, 2019 . April 12, 2023 . Vanity Fair.
    31. Werth . Barry . Barry Werth . May 2, 2004 . Somewhere Down the Crazy River. limited . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20200113140853/https://www.outsideonline.com/1886331/somewhere-down-crazy-river . January 13, 2020 . April 12, 2023 . Outside.
    32. News: Pool . Bob . Cracking a Case of Egg Smuggling . . June 30, 1995 . March 2, 2024.
    33. News: Jamison . Peter . How RFK Jr. hiring a bird smuggler threw his environmental group into turmoil . . March 2, 2024 . March 2, 2024.
    34. News: Worth . Robert . Eight at Riverkeeper Resign Over Kennedy's Hiring of a Rare-Egg Smuggler . . June 22, 2000 . https://web.archive.org/web/20130513045042/https://www.nytimes.com/2000/06/22/nyregion/eight-at-riverkeeper-resign-over-kennedy-s-hiring-of-a-rare-egg-smuggler.html . May 13, 2013 . March 2, 2024.
    35. Web site: Robert F. Kennedy, Jr.'s historic 33-year run with Riverkeeper comes to a close . . March 11, 2017 . March 2, 2024.
    36. Web site: Pace Environmental Litigation Clinic . . October 15, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20171013103626/http://www.law.pace.edu/pace-environmental-litigation-clinic. October 13, 2017. live.
    37. Kennedy, Robert F. Jr., Solow, Steven P. (1993). "Environmental Litigation as Clinical Education: A Case Study". University of Oregon Journal of Environmental Law and Litigation Volume 8.
    38. "A conversation with the authors of 'The Riverkeepers: Two Activists Fight to Reclaim Our Environment as a Basic Human Right'". November 10, 1997. Charlie Rose.
    39. Cronin, John, and Kennedy, Robert F. Jr. (July 26, 1997). "It's Our River – Let Us Get to It". The New York Times.
    40. News: Brown . Kim . July 8, 2004 . ExxonMobil Sued Over 55-Acre Oil Spill In Newtown Creek . Queens Chronicle . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20230820221215/https://www.qchron.com/editions/central/exxonmobil-sued-over-55-acre-oil-spill-in-newtown-creek/article_fccf185b-101f-50c8-9e5a-0657f160cb9b.html . August 20, 2023.
    41. Kaydo, Chad (April 13, 2001). "A Manly Awards Party for Men's Journal". BizBash.
    42. Pace Environmental Litigation Clinic. "Clinic Awards". Pace Law.
    43. Rutgers School of Law Environmental Law Clinic. "About this Organization". Justia Lawyers.
    44. Environmental Law Courses and Clinics. UCLA Law.
    45. Environmental Law Clinic. Widener Environmental Law Center. Widener Law.
    46. Environmental Law Clinic. Berkeley Law.
    47. Gallay, Paul. May 3, 2018. "China enlists local groups in environmental enforcement push" . Waterkeeper.org.
    48. Yaggi, Marc, Waterkeeper Alliance. August 2, 2018. "Let Our Rivers Run Free: A Global Look at How Dams are Destroying our Waterways". Waterkeeper Magazine.
    49. "Robert F. Kennedy, Jr. Honored at Water's Edge Gala". (2014). Stroudcenter.org.
    50. News: Wilke . Chris . March 19, 2012 . The Clean Water Act – A Story of Activism and Change . Read the Dirt .
    51. Web site: Amazon.com: The Waterkeepers : Robert F. Kennedy Jr., John Cronin, Bob Boyle, Terry Backer, Rick Dove, BJ Cummings, Steve Fleishli, Les Guthman, Les Guthman, Les Guthman: Prime Video. www.amazon.com.
    52. Web site: Grand Canyon Adventure: River at Risk. March 12, 2008. IMDb.
    53. Web site: Robert F. Kennedy, Jr. Resigns as Waterkeeper Alliance President . Waterkeeper Alliance . November 10, 2020 . July 24, 2023.
    54. News: Worth . Robert . Robert F. Worth . July 1, 2001 . Watershed Warrior . The New York Times . live . January 13, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200113140919/https://www.nytimes.com/2001/07/01/nyregion/watershed-warrior.html . January 13, 2020.
    55. Gordon, David K., and Kennedy Jr., Robert F. (September 1991). "The Legend of City Water: Recommendations For Rescuing the New York City Water Supply". The Hudson Riverkeeper Fund.
    56. News: Kennedy . Robert F. Jr. . August 22, 1989 . New York City's Water: Down the Drain . The New York Times . The New York Times Archives . 23 . April 10, 2023 . April 16, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230416005411/https://www.nytimes.com/1989/08/22/opinion/new-york-city-s-water-down-the-drain.html . live.
    57. Web site: Approval of planning application C 990237 PSX . October 14, 2017 . June 1, 1999 . nyc.gov . https://web.archive.org/web/20170929044431/http://www1.nyc.gov/assets/planning/download/pdf/about/cpc/990237.pdf . September 29, 2017 . live.
    58. Wechsler . Pat . November 27, 1995 . The Kennedy Who Matters . New York.
    59. Schneeweiss, Jonathan (1997). "Watershed Protection Strategies: A Case Study of the New York City Watershed in Light of the 1996 Amendments to the Safe Drinking Water Act". 8 Vill. Environmental Law Journal 77.
    60. Web site: Team. Kennedy & Madonna, LLP . October 15, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170929001322/http://kennedy-madonna-1zcf.squarespace.com/team/. September 29, 2017. live.
    61. News: January 7, 2001 . Farmers worried by suits targeting hog producers . 9 . Des Moines Register . Newspapers.com.
    62. News: April 7, 2004 . ConocoPhillips agrees to $70M settlement for former Fla. facility . EENews.net.
    63. https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1498566/ "Mann v. Ford"
    64. Web site: Mann v. Ford: Synopsis. HBO . October 15, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20171006145520/http://www.hbo.com/documentaries/mann-v-ford/synopsis.html. October 6, 2017. dead.
    65. News: Strunsky . Steve . October 14, 2006 . Superfund Site Is Relisted, and Inquiry Begins . The New York Times. live . April 12, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200113140851/https://www.nytimes.com/2006/10/14/nyregion/nyregionspecial2/15njringwood.html . January 13, 2020 . 0362-4331.
    66. Web site: DuPont Fined $196.2M In Class-Action Suit . April 12, 2023 . CBS News . October 19, 2007 . April 13, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230413000505/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/dupont-fined-1962m-in-class-action-suit/ . live.
    67. News: Rinehart . Earl . February 13, 2017 . DuPont to pay $670 million to settle C8 lawsuits . https://web.archive.org/web/20220818144117/https://www.dispatch.com/story/news/courts/2017/02/13/dupont-to-pay-670-million/22468972007/ . August 18, 2022 . April 12, 2023 . The Columbus Dispatch.
    68. Web site: Attorney Robert F. Kennedy, Jr . October 14, 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170929001139/https://www.forthepeople.com/attorneys/robert-f-kennedy-jr/ . September 29, 2017 . live.
    69. Web site: Cruz . Nancy . February 18, 2016 . Porter Ranch Gas Leak With Attorney Robert F. Kennedy . April 12, 2023 . KTLA . April 12, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230412233549/https://ktla.com/morning-news/porter-ranch-gas-leak-legal-liabilities-pollution-problems/ . live.
    70. News: Stecker . Tiffany . June 27, 2017 . Monsanto's Foes Are Branching Out . Bloomberg Law . subscription.
    71. Web site: Mass. Families file class action days after gas explosions . September 19, 2018 . October 14, 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20181014091538/https://gazette.com/mass-families-file-class-action-days-after-gas-explosions/article_f1b671b8-bc7c-11e8-ae39-4787469086e9.html . October 14, 2018 . live.
    72. News: Patricia Winters Lauro . Robert F. Kennedy Jr. is pushing supermarkets to sell a new brand of bottled water, with a twist. January 13, 2020 . The New York Times . June 3, 1999 . January 13, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200113140901/https://www.nytimes.com/1999/06/03/business/media-business-advertising-robert-f-kennedy-jr-pushing-supermarkets-sell-new.html . live.
    73. Wesoff, Eric (May 31, 2012) "Ostara Nutrient Recovery Wins $14.5M From VantagePoint et al." . Greentech Media.
    74. News: Wesoff . Eric . October 7, 2015 . Flow Battery Funding: Vionx Teams With Siemens, UTC, 3M, Starwood and Jabil . Greentech Media .
    75. Vionx, National Grid, and US Department of Energy Complete Installation of one of the World's Most Advanced Flow Batteries at Holy Name High School, Worcester, MA. Business Wire . October 5, 2017. October 15, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20171016070018/http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20171005006381/en/Vionx-National-Grid-Department-Energy-Complete-Installation . October 16, 2017. live.
    76. News: Hilburn . Rachel Lewis . June 3, 2016 . CoastLine: Robert F. Kennedy, Jr. on the Origin of CAFOs, Environmental Justice . WHQR .
    77. Robert F. Kennedy, Jr. Joins UISOL Board of Directors . August 25, 2010 . McDonnell Group .
    78. "Robert F. Kennedy, Jr. joins Board of Directors". November 1, 2016. GridBright.com.
    79. Spear, Stefanie (November 2, 2011). "EcoWatch and Waterkeeper Launch News Website". EcoWatch.
    80. News: Melvin . Tessa . April 7, 1991 . Expanded Recycling Site Upsets an Ossining Neighborhood . The New York Times. live . April 12, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20171024043625/http://www.nytimes.com/1991/04/07/nyregion/expanded-recycling-site-upsets-an-ossining-neighborhood.html . October 24, 2017 . 0362-4331.
    81. Reed . Susan . July 2, 1990 . Polluters, Beware! Riverkeeper John Cronin Patrols the Hudson and Pursues Those Who Foul Its Waters. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20171016014316/http://people.com/archive/polluters-beware-riverkeeper-john-cronin-patrols-the-hudson-and-pursues-those-who-foul-its-waters-vol-33-no-26/ . October 16, 2017 . April 12, 2023 . People.
    82. Web site: Hilburn . Rachel Lewis . June 3, 2016 . CoastLine: Robert F. Kennedy, Jr. on the Origin of CAFOs, Environmental Justice. live . https://web.archive.org/web/20171016014708/http://whqr.org/post/coastline-robert-f-kennedy-jr-origin-cafos-environmental-justice#stream/0 . October 16, 2017 . April 12, 2023 . WHQR.
    83. News: Wang . Ucilia . October 10, 2016 . Robert F Kennedy Jr takes big business to task over pollution at SXSW Eco . The Guardian . live . April 12, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20171016013920/https://www.theguardian.com/sustainable-business/2016/oct/10/robert-f-kennedy-jr-sxsw-eco-climate-change-big-business-economic-policy . October 16, 2017 . 0261-3077.
    84. Web site: Nirenberg . Michael Lee . May 23, 2017 . Conversation with Robert Kennedy Jr. . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20210302124911/https://www.huffpost.com/entry/conversation-with-robert-kennedy-jr_b_59239362e4b0b28a33f62f03 . March 2, 2021 . April 12, 2023 . HuffPost.
    85. News: Brancaccio . David . January 21, 2005 . Science and Health: Robert F. Kennedy, Jr. . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20171019215936/http://www.pbs.org/now/science/kennedy.html . October 19, 2017 . Now on PBS.
    86. [Jon Bowermaster|Bowermaster, Jon]
    87. News: Cree Chief Wins Environmental Prize For Anti-Dam Effort . The Christian Science Monitor . live . April 12, 2023 . October 19, 2017 . 0882-7729 . https://web.archive.org/web/20171019215821/https://www.csmonitor.com/1994/0420/20042.html.
    88. Kane . Joe . September 20, 1993 . With Spears From All Sides. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20171019220608/https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/1993/09/27/with-spears-from-all-sides . October 19, 2017 . April 12, 2023 . The New Yorker.
    89. Kennedy, Robert F. Jr. (1991). Foreword for Amazon Crude by Judith Kimerling. Published by Natural Resource Defense Council. February 19, 1991. p. 131. .
    90. Kennedy, Robert F. Jr. (1995). Foreword for Clayoquot Mass Trials: Defending the Rainforest by Ronald MacIsaac and Anne Champagne (editors), published by New Society Publisher, February 1995, p. 208. .
    91. News: Rohter . Larry . Larry Rohter . February 19, 1996 . Kennedy-Castro Encounter Touched by History . The New York Times. live . April 12, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20171028150309/http://www.nytimes.com/1996/02/19/world/kennedy-castro-encounter-touched-by-history.html . October 28, 2017 . 0362-4331.
    92. News: Rohter . Larry . Larry Rohter . February 25, 1996 . February 18–24;Meeting Across an Old Breach . The New York Times. live . April 12, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20171028150216/http://www.nytimes.com/1996/02/25/weekinreview/february-18-24-meeting-across-an-old-breach.html . October 28, 2017 . 0362-4331.
    93. Smith, Matt (November 28, 2001). "The Unlikely Environmentalists". SFWeekly.
    94. News: Kennedy . Robert F. Jr. . December 3, 1998 . Rubbing Salt in the World Heritage Plan . The Japan Times.
    95. Roberts, Bradley, MP, PLP (November 20, 2005). "Bradley Roberts on Clifton". Address to Bahamas House of Assembly.
    96. Kennedy, Robert F. Jr. (November 29, 2016). "'I'll See You at Standing Rock'". EcoWatch.
    97. Schaffer . Grayson . August 30, 2016 . Chile's Best Whitewater Rivers Won't Be Damned – For Now . Outside . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20171019220353/https://www.outsideonline.com/2110076/chiles-best-whitewater-rivers-wont-be-dammed-now . October 19, 2017.
    98. Kennedy, Robert F. Jr. (September 12, 2016). "20 Year David and Goliath Fist Fight Saves Patagonia's Futaleufú". EcoWatch.
    99. Zukowski, Dan (June 22, 2017). "https://www.environews.tv/062217-act-war-rfk-jr-puts-u-s-military-cafos-blast-trashing-americas-waterways "'An Act of War': RFK Jr. Puts U.S. Military and CAFOs on Blast for Trashing America's Waterways"
    100. News: Kennedy . Robert F. Jr. . May 16, 2003 . Defending our Environment and Health from the U.S. Military . Chicago Tribune . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20171021220307/http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2003-05-16/news/0305160280_1_superfund-sites-epa-report-pentagon . October 21, 2017.
    101. Robert F. Jr. . Kennedy . Why Are We in Vieques?. January 13, 2020 . Outside . January 10, 2001 . October 8, 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20171008130438/https://www.outsideonline.com/1819831/why-are-we-vieques . live.
    102. News: Greenhouse . Steven . Steven Greenhouse . July 16, 2001 . He's in Charge, in Demand, in Prison". The New York Times . https://web.archive.org/web/20171021221049/http://www.nytimes.com/2001/07/16/nyregion/he-s-in-charge-in-demand-and-in-prison.html . October 21, 2017 . August 9, 2024.
    103. News: August 2, 2001 . US Navy resumes Vieques war games . BBC News . live . August 20, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170629181314/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/1470871.stm . June 29, 2017.
    104. News: Hernandez . Raymond . June 15, 2001 . Both Sides Attack Bush Plan To Halt Bombing on Vieques . The New York Times . live . subscription . https://web.archive.org/web/20171021221048/http://www.nytimes.com/2001/06/15/us/both-sides-attack-bush-plan-to-halt-bombing-on-vieques.html . October 21, 2017.
    105. News: Kennedy . Robert F. Jr. . May 16, 2003 . Defending our environment and health from the U.S. military . Chicago Tribune . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20171021220307/http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2003-05-16/news/0305160280_1_superfund-sites-epa-report-pentagon . October 21, 2017.
    106. Book: Hahn Niman, Nicolette . Righteous Porkchop: Finding a Life and Good Food beyond Factory Farms . February 17, 2009 . William Morrow . 978-0061466496.
    107. News: Robert F. Jr. . Kennedy . Eric . Schaeffer . An Ill Wind From Factory Farms . January 13, 2020 . The New York Times . September 20, 2003 . January 13, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200113140955/https://www.nytimes.com/2003/09/20/opinion/an-ill-wind-from-factory-farms.html . live.
    108. Rogers, Shelagh, host, and Carty, Bob, reporter (February 12, 2001). "Robert F. Kennedy Jr. warns Canada about Pollution from Pork Industry". This Morning: CBC Digital Archives.
    109. News: Ruf . Cory . May 25, 2013 . Robert Kennedy Jr. on his crusade for a 'green' economy . CBC News .
    110. Overheard with Evan Smith. (May 5, 2011). "Robert F. Kennedy, Jr. – Fossil Fuels". PBS.
    111. Associated Press (March 2, 2013). "New York fracking held as Gov. Andrew Cuomo, Robert F. Kennedy Jr. talk health, AP sources say". Syracuse.com.
    112. Isensee, Laura (October 28, 2009). "Robert Kennedy Jr: solar and natural gas belong together". Reuters.
    113. News: Cusick . Marie . October 3, 2013 . Robert F. Kennedy Jr. calls natural gas a "catastrophe" . StateImpact Pennsylvania . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20131004032100/http://stateimpact.npr.org/pennsylvania/2013/10/03/robert-f-kennedy-jr-calls-natural-gas-a-catastrophe/ . October 4, 2013.
    114. News: Hakim . Danny . Shift by Cuomo on Gas Drilling Prompts Both Anger and Praise . January 13, 2020 . The New York Times . September 30, 2012 . January 13, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200113140919/https://www.nytimes.com/2012/10/01/nyregion/with-new-delays-a-growing-sense-that-gov-andrew-cuomo-will-not-approve-gas-drilling.html . live.
    115. "Rally Against Pipelines". Salem Weekly. May 19, 2015.
    116. News: Weber . Bob . Prominent U.S. Keystone critic Robert F. Kennedy Jr. to visit oilsands . January 13, 2020 . Macleans . June 12, 2013 . January 13, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200113140914/https://www.macleans.ca/news/prominent-u-s-keystone-critic-robert-f-kennedy-jr-to-visit-oilsands/ . live.
    117. Spear, Stefanie (February 13, 2013). "Robert F. Kennedy, Jr., Bill McKibben, Michael Brune, Among Others Will Risk Arrest Today at White House to Stop Tar Sands, Keystone XL Pipeline". EcoWatch.
    118. News: Manning . Sarah Sunshine . November 16, 2016 . Robert F. Kennedy Jr. Visits Standing Rock on #NoDAPL Day of Action . Indian Country Today .
    119. Zukowski, Dan (June 26, 2017). "Robert F. Kennedy Jr. Talks Tesla, Electric Big Rigs and the Impending Death of Fossil Fuels". EnviroNews.
    120. Baxter, Brandon (June 3, 2014). "Robert F. Kennedy Jr. Praises Obama's Carbon Rules, Blasts Koch Brothers on 'The Ed Show'". EcoWatch.
    121. Perks, Rob (March 11, 2010). "Mountaintop Removal Redux: Bobby vs. Blankenship II" . NRDC.
    122. "Bobby Kennedy, Jr. Speaks on Coal Ash at Mt. Island Lake". July 25, 2013. Clean Air Carolina.
    123. Yaggi, Marc, Waterkeeper Alliance (Winter 2013). "Around the World a Coalition Against Coal: Waterkeepers from Idaho to India Unite to Stop the Deadly International Coal Trade". Waterkeeper Magazine.
    124. Staff writer (2015). "At Pennsylvania Coal Mine, Feds Come to Rescue after State Fails". Waterkeeper Magazine Vol. 11. Issue 1.
    125. The Last Mountain (2011) IMDb.
    126. News: Zukowski . Dan . June 23, 2017 . Robert F. Kennedy Jr.: 'I love James Hansen, but he is wrong on [the nuclear power issue |work=EniroNews |url=https://www.environews.tv/062317-robert-f-kennedy-jr-love-james-hansen-wrong-nuclear-power-issue/].
    127. Web site: Brooks . Jon . June 22, 2011 . Interview: Robert F. Kennedy Jr. on 'Uninsurable' Nuke Energy Industry, BrightSource Solar Project . .
    128. Paul Chin photograph. (June 15, 1981). Caption reads, "Robert F. Kennedy, Jr. speaks out against nuclear power". Archivegrid, Los Angeles Public Library.
    129. Web site: April 4, 2017 . "Nuclear Ticking Time Bomb 28 Miles From NYC – America's Lawyer" . May 20, 2024 . Indian Point Safe Energy Coalition.
    130. News: Gates . Anita . September 9, 2004 . Seeing a Mushroom Cloud in New York (movie review) . May 23, 2024 . The New York Times . 0362-4331.
    131. Levitz . Eric . April 2, 2022 . Once Again, Environmentalists Are Sabotaging Climate Progress . May 20, 2024 . New York.
    132. News: Milman . Oliver . March 20, 2024 . A nuclear plant's closure was hailed as a green win. Then emissions went up . May 20, 2024 . The Guardian.
    133. News: Trueheart . Charles . Charles Trueheart . Quebec Power Company Finds Its High-Voltage Plans Short-Circuited . January 13, 2020 . The Washington Post . April 7, 1994 . January 13, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200113140903/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1994/04/07/quebec-power-company-finds-its-high-voltage-plans-short-circuited/4ba36f07-d34b-4105-b3b4-849b08e1431b/ . live.
    134. [Jon Bowermaster|Bowermaster, Jon]
    135. News: Guynup . Sharon . June 7, 2002 . Belize Dam Fight Heats Up as Court Prepares to Rule . National Geographic Today.
    136. News: Leaney . Stephen . April 11, 2003 . British finding 'secret war' in green laws by Kennedy . International Press Service.
    137. Ari . Hershowitz . A Solid Foundation: Belize's Chalillo Dam and Environmental Decisionmaking . Ecology Law Quarterly . 35 . 1 . January 2008 . 73–105 . University of California . Berkeley . 44321074.
    138. "Robert F. Kennedy Jr. on the river along with numerous leaders of conservation organizations". August 2, 2004. Canadian Parks And Wilderness Society – Quebec Chapter.
    139. News: Goujard . Clothilde . September 14, 2017 . Hydro-Québec abandons dam project on majestic Magpie River . Canada's National Observer . limited.
    140. Martinez, Rodrigo (November 19, 2017). "Robert Kennedy Jr por Hidroaysén: 'Los beneficios económicos eran para unos pocos millonarios'". La Tercera.
    141. Web site: The Radio Equalizer: Brian Maloney: RFK Jr Tirade, Air America, John Stossel, Rush Limbaugh, Sean Hannity . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20171025132306/http://radioequalizer.blogspot.com/2007/07/rfk-jr-tirade-air-america-john-stossel.html . October 25, 2017 . October 25, 2017.
    142. News: Nantucket's Wind Power Rip-off . The Wall Street Journal . July 18, 2011 . March 9, 2020 . February 24, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200224101905/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702304521304576447541604359376 . live . Robert F. Jr. . Kennedy.
    143. News: Cabral . Sam . RFK Jr's conspiracy theories and Republican supporters . July 22, 2023 . BBC News . July 18, 2023 . July 22, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230722175939/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-66226103 . live.
    144. News: Weissman . Jonathan . Robert F. Kennedy Jr. Airs Bigoted New Covid Conspiracy Theory About Jews and Chinese . July 22, 2023 . . July 15, 2023 . July 21, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230721210310/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/07/15/us/politics/rfk-jr-remarks-covid.html . live.
    145. News: Hunnicutt . Trevor . Holland . Steve . White House blasts RFK Jr for 'antisemitic conspiracy theories' . July 22, 2023 . Reuters . July 17, 2023 . July 22, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230722180436/https://www.reuters.com/world/us/white-house-blasts-rfk-jr-antisemitic-conspiracy-theories-2023-07-17// . live.
    146. Web site: Robert Kennedy Jr: America needs a revolution . Sayers . Freddie . May 3, 2023 . unherd.com . The Post . May 11, 2023 . May 11, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230511051430/https://unherd.com/2023/05/robert-kennedy-jr-america-needs-a-revolution/ . live.
    147. Web site: RFK Jr. claims middle class was 'systematically' wiped out under COVID lockdowns . Shapero . Julia . April 22, 2023 . The Hill . May 21, 2023 . May 10, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230510163646/https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/3964616-rfk-jr-claims-middle-class-was-systematically-wiped-out-under-covid-lockdowns/ . live.
    148. Web site: Robert Kennedy Jr: 'We've destroyed the middle class' . Belmonte . Adriana . January 19, 2020 . finance.yahoo.com . May 21, 2023 . May 21, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230521063921/https://finance.yahoo.com/news/robert-kennedy-jr-on-middle-class-123520806.html . live.
    149. News: Robert F. Kennedy Jr hailed for 'single greatest defense of Israel': 'Worth three minutes of your time' . The Hindustan Times . 19 December 2023.
    150. News: Robert Kennedy Jr. Is a Flawed Heretic . The Nation . July 5, 2023.
    151. Web site: Robert Kennedy Jr: 'Let's be honest: it's a US war against Russia' . May 8, 2023 . moderndiplomacy.eu . May 20, 2023 . May 20, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230520171046/https://moderndiplomacy.eu/2023/05/08/robert-kennedy-jr-lets-be-honest-its-a-us-war-against-russia/ . live.
    152. Web site: June 15, 2023 . Robert Kennedy Jr. Repeats Russia's False Justification for Ukraine War . May 16, 2024 . Polygraph.info.
    153. Web site: Robert Kennedy Jr: America needs a revolution . Sayers . Freddie . May 3, 2023 . unherd.com . The Post . May 11, 2023 . May 11, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230511051430/https://unherd.com/2023/05/robert-kennedy-jr-america-needs-a-revolution/ . "If you look at the Minsk accords, it sets the groundwork for a final settlement. The Donbas region, which is 80% ethnic Russianand Russians that were being systematically killed by the Ukrainian governmentwould become autonomous within Ukraine and would be protected." . live.
    154. Web site: Why the Arabs Don't Want Us in Syria . Kennedy Jr. . Robert F. . February 22, 2016 . Politico . May 21, 2023 . May 21, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230521063921/https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2016/02/rfk-jr-why-arabs-dont-trust-america-213601/ . live.
    155. Kennedy, Robert F. Jr. (February 1974). "Poor Chile". Atlantic Monthly.
    156. Kennedy Jr. Robert F. (February 25, 1979). "Plea to Pakistan". The Washington Post.
    157. Kennedy, Robert F. Jr. (February 23, 1979). "Legacy at Stake in Pakistan". The Boston Globe.
    158. Kennedy, Robert F. Jr. (December 16, 1975) "Politics and Assassinations". The Wall Street Journal
    159. Kennedy, Robert F. Jr. (December 17, 2005). "America's anti-torture tradition". Los Angeles Times.
    160. Congressional Record Index. (Vol 151 – Part 23). January 4, 2005 – December 30, 2005. by Senator Edward M. Kennedy, p. 2054.
    161. News: Robert F. Kennedy Jr. . Why the Arabs Don't Want Us in Syria. January 13, 2020 . Politico . February 22, 2016 . January 7, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200107222723/https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2016/02/rfk-jr-why-arabs-dont-trust-america-213601 . live.
    162. Kennedy, Robert F. Jr. (February 25, 2016). "Syria: Another Pipeline War". EcoWatch.
    163. Web site: Robert Kennedy Jr.: "Unravel The Empire" Of U.S. Military Bases Around The World. Hains, Tim. June 15, 2023. Real Clear Politics. June 25, 2023.
    164. Web site: Robert Kennedy Jr: America needs a revolution . Sayers . Freddie . May 3, 2023 . unherd.com . The Post . May 11, 2023 . May 11, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230511051430/https://unherd.com/2023/05/robert-kennedy-jr-america-needs-a-revolution/ . "I always have been. I spent 35 years asI don't want to toot my own horn, butarguably the leading environmentalist in the country." . live.
    165. Book: Bennett . William John . Cribb . John T.E. . America the Strong: Conservative Ideas to Spark the Next Generation . 22 September 2015 . Tyndale House Publishers . 978-1496409751 . 54 . 9 June 2023.
    166. Web site: Mull . Teresa . Robert F. Kennedy Jr. wants a law to 'punish global warming skeptics' . The Week . September 23, 2014 . 9 June 2023.
    167. Web site: Climate change is cost of society's 'addiction to coal and oil,' says Robert Kennedy Jr. . Zahn . Max . January 16, 2020 . finance.yahoo.com . May 21, 2023 . May 21, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230521063921/https://finance.yahoo.com/news/robert-kennedy-jr-on-climate-change-140205979.html . 'Right now, we have a market that is governed by rules that were written by the carbon incumbents to reward the dirtiest, filthiest, most poisonous, most toxic, most war-mongering fields from hell, rather than the cheap, clean, green, wholesome and patriotic fields from heaven,' Kennedy adds. . live.
    168. Web site: Robert Kennedy, Jr says climate change will bring 'major disruptions' to civilization . January 17, 2020 . irishcentral.com . June 12, 2023 . March 4, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230304212613/https://www.irishcentral.com/news/robert-f-kennedy-jr-climate-change . "Right now, we have a market that is governed by rules that were written by the carbon incumbents to reward the dirtiest, filthiest, most poisonous, most toxic, most war-mongering fields from hell, rather than the cheap, clean, green, wholesome, and patriotic fields from heaven. We need to rationalize our marketplace so that it does the things that market is supposed to do, which is to create a society that we're all proud of and that will sustain our children." . live.
    169. Web site: Read This Excerpt From 'Horsemen of the Apocalypse' . May 6, 2017 . desmog.com . . June 12, 2023 . March 24, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230324004456/https://www.desmog.com/2017/05/06/read-excerpt-horsemen-apocalypse-dick-russell/ . live.
    170. Web site: Climate change is cost of society's 'addiction to coal and oil,' says Robert Kennedy Jr. . Zahn . Max . January 16, 2020 . finance.yahoo.com . May 21, 2023 . May 21, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230521063921/https://finance.yahoo.com/news/robert-kennedy-jr-on-climate-change-140205979.html . live.
    171. Web site: Robert Kennedy Jr: America needs a revolution . Sayers . Freddie . May 3, 2023 . unherd.com . The Post . May 11, 2023 . May 11, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230511051430/https://unherd.com/2023/05/robert-kennedy-jr-america-needs-a-revolution/ . "If we want to have democracy, we need a broad ownership of our land by a wide variety of yeoman farmers, each with a stake in our system. That's what Thomas Jefferson said. Wiping out the small farmers and giving control of food production to corporations is not in the interests of humanity. We need to help those farmers transition off the addiction that we imposed upon them in the first place." . live.
    172. Griscom, Amanda (October/November 2004). "Environmental Justice". Mother Earth News.
    173. News: Roberts . Joel . Bush: $1.2 Billion For Hydrogen Cars. January 13, 2020 . CBS News . January 29, 2003 . January 13, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200113113653/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/bush-12-billion-for-hydrogen-cars/ . live.
    174. News: Robert F. Kennedy Jr. . A Bad Element. January 13, 2020 . The New York Times . February 16, 2003 . January 13, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200113140939/https://www.nytimes.com/2003/02/16/opinion/a-bad-element.html . live.
    175. News: Robert F. Kennedy Jr. on the Climate Crisis: What Must Be Done . January 13, 2020 . Rolling Stone . June 28, 2007 . January 13, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200113140907/https://www.rollingstone.com/politics/politics-news/robert-f-kennedy-jr-on-the-climate-crisis-what-must-be-done-192191/ . live.
    176. Kennedy Jr., Robert F. (2004). Crimes Against Nature: How George W. Bush and His Corporate Pals Are Plundering the Country and Hijacking Our Democracy. HarperCollins. .
    177. The 100 People Who Are Changing America . Rolling Stone . October 15, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20090503094135/http://www.rollingstone.com/news/story/26754176/the_rs_100_agents_of_change/4 . May 3, 2009 . dead.
    178. News: Robert F. Kennedy Jr. advocates for green power . October 14, 2010 . The Mercury News . October 15, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20171010055245/http://www.mercurynews.com/2010/10/14/robert-f-kennedy-jr-advocates-for-green-power . October 10, 2017 . live.
    179. Dixon, Darius (October 12, 2012). "RFK Jr. to greens: Not Obama's fault". Politico.
    180. Robert F. Kennedy Jr. (2015) "What State Attorneys General can do about Climate-Change Deniers" Letter from the President", Waterkeeper Magazine Vol. 11. Issue 1.
    181. News: Spear . Stefanie . September 10, 2015 . Koch Brothers: Apocalyptical Forces of Ignorance and Greed, Says RFK Jr. . EcoWatch .
    182. Goodman, Amy (September 22, 2014). "Robert F. Kennedy Jr.: "The Only Thing We Have in Our Power is People Power". Democracy Now.
    183. News: Farhad Manjoo . Farhad Manjoo . Was the 2004 election stolen? No.. January 13, 2020 . Salon . June 3, 2006 . January 13, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200113140901/https://www.salon.com/2006/06/03/kennedy_39/ . live.
    184. Greg Palast (Author) Ted Rall (Illustrator). Introduction by Robert F. Kennedy Jr. (2012). Billionaires & Ballot Bandits: How to Steal an Election in 9 Easy Steps. Penguin Random House. p. 300.
    185. Brancaccio, David (January 21, 2005). "Science and Health: Robert F. Kennedy, Jr.". PBS Now.
    186. New York League of Conservative Voters. June 18, 2014. NYLCV Letterhead.
    187. Welch, Craig (October 29, 2003). "RFK Jr. blasts Bush, champions Kerry" . The Seattle Times.
    188. News: Jeff . Zeleny . Jeff Zeleny . Carl . Hulse . Carl Hulse . Kennedy Chooses Obama, Spurning Plea by Clintons . January 13, 2020 . . January 28, 2008 . December 10, 2008 . https://web.archive.org/web/20081210221628/http://www.nytimes.com/2008/01/28/us/politics/28kennedy.html . live.
    189. "eTown at the 2008 Democratic National Convention (Denver)". October 8, 2008. etown.org.
    190. News: Mike . Allen . November 5, 2008 . Obama considers stars for Cabinet . July 17, 2023 . Politico.
    191. News: Lovley . Erika . November 7, 2008 . RFK Jr.: Too controversial for EPA? . April 1, 2023 . Politico . December 7, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20161207095332/https://www.politico.com/story/2008/11/rfk-jr-too-controversial-for-epa-015403 . live.
    192. News: Bumiller . Elisabeth . Public Lives: Putting Family Life Ahead of a Senate Seat . January 13, 2020 . . November 24, 1988 . January 13, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200113141018/https://www.nytimes.com/1998/11/24/nyregion/public-lives-putting-family-life-ahead-of-a-senate-seat.html . live.
    193. News: Jonathan P. . Hicks . Robert Kennedy Won't Run for State Attorney General. January 13, 2020 . The New York Times . January 25, 2005 . January 13, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200113140958/https://www.nytimes.com/2005/01/25/nyregion/robert-kennedy-wont-run-for-state-attorney-general.html . live.
    194. News: Jonathan P. . Hicks . Robert F. Kennedy's Son Not Interested in Senate Seat. January 13, 2020 . The New York Times . December 2, 2008 . https://web.archive.org/web/20191006100343/https://cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/12/02/robert-f-kennedys-son-not-interested-in-senate-seat . October 6, 2019.
    195. Web site: Bogardus . Kevin . November 13, 2023 . RFK Jr. was linked to — but never got — top-tier environmental job . March 30, 2024 . . RFK Jr. was linked to — but never got — top-tier environmental job.
    196. News: Phippen . Thomas . Steinhauser . Paul . Robert F. Kennedy Jr 'thinking about' launching Democratic challenge to Biden for 2024 White House nomination . March 3, 2023 . . March 3, 2023 . April 7, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230407203042/https://www.foxnews.com/politics/robert-f-kennedy-jr-becomes-second-democrat-challenge-biden-2024-nomination . live.
    197. News: Price . Michelle . April 5, 2023 . Anti-vaccine activist RFK Jr. challenging Biden in 2024 . . April 5, 2023 . April 5, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230405224314/https://apnews.com/article/robert-kennedy-jr-presidential-campaign-9fb5ed5c8e1fd31d2a4458d44b086593 . live.
    198. News: Pellish . Aaron . October 9, 2023 . Robert F. Kennedy Jr. announces independent run for president, ending Democratic primary challenge to Biden. live . https://archive.today/20231009173105/https://www.cnn.com/2023/10/09/politics/kennedy-independent-campaign/index.html . October 9, 2023 . October 14, 2023 . CNN.
    199. Web site: RFK Jr. loses in first round of Libertarian Party's presidential nomination vote. Trump didn't file paperwork to qualify | CNN Politics. Aaron. Pellish. May 26, 2024. CNN.
    200. Web site: RFK Jr. probably won't be the Libertarian nominee in Colorado, Chase Oliver will. Andrew. Kenney ·. July 24, 2024. Colorado Public Radio.
    201. Web site: Colorado Libertarians designate RFK Jr. to state's November ballot after snubbing party's own ticket. Ernest Luning. ernest.luning@coloradopolitics.com. July 3, 2024. Colorado Politics.
    202. News: Trump Allies Have a Plan to Hurt Biden's Chances: Elevate Outsider Candidates. Swan. Jonathan. Haberman. Maggie. Goldmacher. Shane. Davis O'Brien. Rebecca. April 10, 2024. The New York Times. https://web.archive.org/web/20240410150345/https://www.nytimes.com/2024/04/10/us/politics/trump-rfk-jr-biden.html. April 10, 2024. April 10, 2024. 0362-4331.
    203. News: Yang . Mary . August 2, 2023 . Robert F Kennedy Jr's campaign bankrolled by Republican mega-donor . . August 2, 2023.
    204. News: Trump Allies Have a Plan to Hurt Biden's Chances: Elevate Outsider Candidates. Swan. Jonathan. Haberman. Maggie. Goldmacher. Shane. Davis O'Brien. Rebecca. April 10, 2024. The New York Times. https://web.archive.org/web/20240410150345/https://www.nytimes.com/2024/04/10/us/politics/trump-rfk-jr-biden.html. April 10, 2024. April 10, 2024.
    205. News: Kamisar . Ben . Pro-Trump businessman leads huge month for megadonors pouring cash into election . . June 21, 2024 . June 21, 2024.
    206. News: Goldmacher . Shane . Theodore. Schleifer. Timothy Mellon, Secretive Donor, Gives $50 Million to Pro-Trump Group . . June 20, 2024 . June 21, 2024.
    207. News: Zadrozny . Brandy . Brandy Zadrozny . Adams . Char . March 11, 2021 . Covid's devastation of Black community used as 'marketing' in new anti-vaccine film . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20210318224620/https://www.nbcnews.com/news/nbcblk/covid-s-devastation-black-community-used-marketing-new-anti-vaxxer-n1260724 . March 18, 2021 . March 15, 2021 . . The videothe newest in a series of anti-vaccine propaganda films produced or promoted by Kennedywas distributed through Kennedy's organization, Children's Health Defense,.
    208. Vera . Bergengruen . June 14, 2023 . Inside the Very Online Campaign of RFK Jr. . June 14, 2023 . Time.
    209. News: Exclusive Q&A: Robert F. Kennedy Jr. on Trump's proposed vaccine commission. Wadman. Meredith. January 10, 2017. Science. April 14, 2020. April 8, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200408012519/https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2017/01/exclusive-qa-robert-f-kennedy-jr-trumps-proposed-vaccine-commission. live.
    210. Web site: Stronger testing required to make vaccines safe. Kennedy . Robert F. Jr.. June 27, 2019. The Columbus Dispatch. April 14, 2020. April 8, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200408012523/https://www.dispatch.com/opinion/20190627/letter-stronger-testing-required-to-make-vaccines-safe. live.
    211. Kennedy, Robert F. Jr., Thimerosal: Let the Science Speak (2015), p. 28.
    212. News: Smith . Michelle R. . December 15, 2021 . How a Kennedy built an anti-vaccine juggernaut amid COVID-19 . April 1, 2023 . Associated Press . Dr. Richard Allen Williams, a cardiologist, professor of medicine at UCLA and founder of the Minority Health Institute, said Kennedy is leading 'a propaganda movement'. December 18, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211218203449/https://apnews.com/article/how-rfk-jr-built-anti-vaccine-juggernaut-amid-covid-4997be1bcf591fe8b7f1f90d16c9321e . live.
    213. News: Rabin . Roni Caryn . May 8, 2019 . Brother and Sister of Robert F. Kennedy Jr. Accuse Him of Spreading Misinformation on Vaccines . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20190621221444/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/05/08/health/vaccines-kennedy-measles.html . June 21, 2019 . June 21, 2019 . The New York Times.
    214. News: Golgowski . Nina . May 8, 2019 . Robert Kennedy Jr.'s Vaccine Views Slammed As 'Tragically Wrong' By Family . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20190621221641/https://www.huffingtonpost.ca/entry/siblings-oped-calls-robert-f-kennedy-jrs-vaccine-views-tragically-wrong_n_5cd2ca19e4b07ce6ef78850e . June 21, 2019 . June 21, 2019 . The Huffington Post.
    215. Jamison . A.M. . Broniatowski . D. A. . Dredze . M. . November 13, 2019 . Vaccine-related advertising in the Facebook Ad Archive . Vaccine . 38. 3. 512–520. 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.10.066. 31732327. 6954281. 0264-410X .
    216. News: Majority of anti-vaccine ads on Facebook were funded by two groups . Sun . Lena H. . November 15, 2019 . The Washington Post . November 16, 2019 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20191117003403/https://www.washingtonpost.com/health/2019/11/15/majority-anti-vaccine-ads-facebook-were-funded-by-two-groups . November 17, 2019.
    217. News: Rabin . Roni Caryn . May 9, 2019 . Family of Robert F Kennedy Jr criticise his 'dangerous' stance on vaccines . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20190509115316/https://www.irishtimes.com/life-and-style/health-family/family-of-robert-f-kennedy-jr-criticise-his-dangerous-stance-on-vaccines-1.3886209 . May 9, 2019 . June 7, 2020 . The Irish Times.
    218. Web site: Vaccines do not cause autism. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. April 29, 2023. April 29, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230429223750/https://www.nationalacademies.org/based-on-science/vaccines-do-not-cause-autism. live.
    219. Gerber . Jeffrey S. . Offit . Paul A. . Plotkin . Stanley . Vaccines and Autism: A Tale of Shifting Hypotheses . Clinical Infectious Diseases . February 15, 2009 . 48 . 4 . 456–461 . 10.1086/596476. 19128068 . 2908388.
    220. Asif Doja . Wendy Roberts . Immunizations and Autism: A Review of the Literature . Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences . 2006 . 33 . 4 . 341–346 . 10.1017/S031716710000528X . 17168158 . 4670282 . June 5, 2023 . May 15, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230515101945/https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/16B999364BFFD9F0DA3B09F25C1DE28C/S031716710000528Xa.pdf/immunizations-and-autism-a-review-of-the-literature.pdf%7Cpage=343 . live. free .
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    224. News: February 11, 2021 . Instagram bans Robert F Kennedy Jr over Covid vaccine posts . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20210213121137/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-56021904 . February 13, 2021 . February 11, 2021 . BBC News . .
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    227. Web site: Scott . Katie . February 16, 2017 . Robert De Niro, Robert F. Kennedy Jr. offer $100K to anyone who can provide proof vaccines are safe . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20190303172615/https://globalnews.ca/news/3253840/robert-de-niro-robert-f-kennedy-jr-offer-100g-to-anyone-who-can-provide-proof-vaccines-are-safe . March 3, 2019 . March 3, 2019 . Global TV.
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    229. News: Cadeski . Eric . July 11, 2019 . The Surrey Board of Trade shouldn't help anti-vaxxer Robert F. Kennedy Jr. build his brand . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20190914091610/https://www.cbc.ca/news/opinion/kennedy-surrey-1.5206701 . September 14, 2019 . November 18, 2019 . CBC News.
    230. News: Schmunk . Rhianna . June 17, 2019 . Robert F. Kennedy Jr. will speak at Surrey event despite outcry, board of trade says . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20190914091604/https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/robert-f-kennedy-jr-surrey-speaking-event-1.5178877 . September 14, 2019 . November 18, 2019 . CBC News.
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    232. Web site: Kerry . Lauerman . Kerry Lauerman. January 16, 2011 . Correcting our Record". . https://web.archive.org/web/20171104122950/https://www.salon.com/2011/01/16/dangerous_immunity . November 4, 2017.
    233. Walsh . Joan . June 22, 2023 . Just Another RFK Jr. Lie. I Know, Because It's About Me. . . August 22, 2023 . 0027-8378.
    234. Web site: Oransky . Ivan . January 16, 2011 . Salon retracts 2005 Robert F. Kennedy Jr. piece on alleged autism-vaccine link" . . https://web.archive.org/web/20170831053935/http://retractionwatch.com/2011/01/16/salon-retracts-2005-robert-f-kennedy-jr-piece-on-alleged-autism-vaccine-link . August 31, 2017.
    235. Web site: More media stupidity: Chicago Sun-Times runs propaganda piece for Jenny McCarthy's anti-vaccine conference . The Panic Virus . January 28, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190129064155/https://blogs.plos.org/thepanicvirus/2012/05/15/more-media-stupidity-chicago-sun-times-runs-propaganda-piece-for-jenny-mccarthys-anti-vaccine-conference . January 29, 2019 . dead.
    236. Plait . Phil . Phil Plait . Robert F. Kennedy Jr.: Anti-Vaxxer. Slate . February 13, 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180208145313/http://www.slate.com/blogs/bad_astronomy/2013/06/05/robert_f_kennedy_jr_advocate_for_antiscience_and_antivaccination.html . February 8, 2018 . June 5, 2013.
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    239. Functional Medicine (CS31) . YouTube . April 18, 2019 . McGill Office for Science and Society . April 13, 2019 . 6:18.
    240. Kennedy, Robert F. Jr. (May 11, 2010). "Central Figure in CDC Vaccine Cover-Up Absconds With $2M". HuffPost.
    241. Kennedy, Robert F. Jr. (February 8, 2017). "Yale University Study Shows Association Between Vaccines and Brain Disorders". EcoWatch.
    242. Kennedy, Robert F. Jr. (January 18, 2017) "CDC Knew its Vaccine Program Was Exposing Children to Dangerous Mercury Levels Since 1999". EcoWatch.
    243. Kennedy, Robert F. Jr. (July 10, 2005). "Autism, Mercury, and Politics". The Boston Globe.
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    245. News: Vaccine skeptic Robert Kennedy Jr. says Trump asked him to lead commission on 'vaccine safety' . Phillip, Abby . Abby Phillip . Sun, Lena H. . Bernstein, Lenny . January 10, 2017 . The Washington Post . January 11, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170111010144/https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/trump-to-meet-with-proponent-of-debunked-tie-between-vaccines-and-autism/2017/01/10/4a5d03c0-d752-11e6-9f9f-5cdb4b7f8dd7_story.html . January 11, 2017 . live.
    246. https://worldmercuryproject.org/news/interview-stat-news-august-14-2017 "An interview with Robert Kennedy Jr. on vaccines"
    247. Foster . Craig . The $100,000 vaccine challenge: Another method of promoting anti-vaccination pseudoscience . Vaccine . 2017 . 35 . 32 . 3905–3906 . 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.06.012 . 28624304.
    248. News: October 18, 2023 . RFK Jr. spent years stoking fear and mistrust of vaccines. These people were hurt by his work . October 24, 2023 . Associated Press.
    249. News: Lanuola . Tusani Tupufia . John F. Kennedy's nephew joins Samoa's Independence celebration. November 30, 2019 . Samoa Observer . June 1, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20191130201157/https://www.samoaobserver.ws/category/samoa/42888 . November 30, 2019 . SamoaObserver_20190601 . live.
    250. News: Guarino . Ben . Satija . Neena . Sun . Lena H. . Deadly measles outbreak hits children in Samoa after anti-vaccine fears . November 30, 2019 . The Washington Post . November 27, 2019 . WaPo_Samoa_measles_20191127 . https://web.archive.org/web/20191130201455/https://www.washingtonpost.com/health/2019/11/26/deadly-measles-outbreak-hits-children-samoa-after-anti-vaccine-fears . November 30, 2019 . live.
    251. Web site: Corsi . Jerome . Jerome Corsi . Says Dr. Anthony Fauci's name appears on '4 U.S. patents for a key glycoprotein' used to 'create the current COVID-19 epidemic' . Politifact . January 31, 2021 . January 28, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210128133726/https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2020/may/12/jerome-corsi/conspiracy-theorist-spreads-false-claim-about-fauc/ . live.
    252. Web site: April 27, 2020. Robert F. Kennedy, Jr says Dr. Fauci and Bill Gates stand to profit from COVID-19 vaccine. September 1, 2020. IrishCentral.com. August 13, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200813122331/https://www.irishcentral.com/news/robert-f-kennedy-jr-dr-fauci-covid19-vaccine. live.
    253. Web site: May 7, 2020. Robert Kennedy Jr. claims Bill Gates 'owns the WHO'. September 1, 2020. IrishCentral.com. September 18, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200918145339/https://www.irishcentral.com/news/robert-kennedy-jr-bill-gates-owns-who. live.
    254. Porterfield. Carlie. Debunked Bill Gates Conspiracy Gets A Boost From RFK Jr., Marla Maples. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20210214130753/https://www.forbes.com/sites/carlieporterfield/2020/08/15/debunked-bill-gates-conspiracy-gets-a-boost-from-rfk-jr-marla-maples/. February 14, 2021. February 15, 2021. Forbes. The digitalized economy? We get rid of cash and coins. We give you a chip. We put all your money in your chip. If you refuse a vaccine, we turn off the chip and you starve!.
    255. Web site: August 13, 2020. Robert F. Kennedy, Jr makes false COVID claims in live talk with Alec Baldwin. September 1, 2020. IrishCentral.com. August 17, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200817121932/https://www.irishcentral.com/news/robert-f-kennedy-jr-alec-baldwin. live.
    256. Web site: Montgomery. Blake. January 23, 2021. RFK Jr. Stoops to New Low by Falsely Tying Hank Aaron's Death to Vaccine. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20210216205211/https://www.thedailybeast.com/robert-f-kennedy-jr-stoops-to-new-low-by-falsely-tying-hank-aarons-death-to-vaccine. February 16, 2021. February 15, 2021. The Daily Beast. Hank Aaron's tragic death is part of a wave of suspicious deaths among elderly closely following administration of COVID vaccines. He received the Moderna vaccine on Jan. 5 to inspire other Black Americans to get the vaccine..
    257. News: RFK, Jr.'s niece speaks out against his COVID vaccine misinformation. January 23, 2021. The Boston Globe. January 4, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210104064030/https://www.boston.com/news/coronavirus/2020/12/30/rdk-jr-niece-speaks-out-against-anti-covid-vaccine-stance. live.
    258. News: Instagram removes anti-vaxxer Robert F Kennedy Jr for false Covid-19 claims. Mannvi. Singh. The Guardian. February 11, 2021. February 11, 2021. February 11, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210211055917/https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2021/feb/10/instagram-removes-anti-vaxxer-robert-f-kennedy-jr. live.
    259. News: Iyengar . Rishi . Robert F. Kennedy Jr. has been banned from Instagram. CNN . February 11, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210211171417/https://www.cnn.com/2021/02/10/tech/robert-kennedy-jr-instagram-ban/index.html . February 11, 2021 . February 10, 2021 . live.
    260. 2020. The Anti-Vaxx Industry. Center for Countering Digital Hate.
    261. News: Mostrous. Alexi. September 16, 2020. How a Kennedy became a 'superspreader' of hoaxes on COVID-19, vaccines, 5G and more. The Globe and Mail. live. These posts include claims that 5G damages human DNA, causes cancer and is being installed in order to carry out mass surveillance. It's easy to see a motivation behind his sudden interest: 5G-related posts have garnered him more than 400,000 likes or other interactions.. February 11, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210211030922/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/world/article-robert-f-kennedy-jr-medical-misinformation/.
    262. Book: Kennedy . Robert F. Jr. . The Real Anthony Fauci: Bill Gates, Big Pharma, and the Global War on Democracy and Public Health. November 16, 2021. Simon and Schuster . 9781510766815. November 24, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20211124070005/https://books.google.com/books/about/The_Real_Anthony_Fauci.html?id=ApUfEAAAQBAJ&source=kp_book_description . November 24, 2021.
    263. News: Canales. Katie. July 25, 2021. How JFK's nephew became one of Facebook's most prolific anti-vax misinformation spreaders. Business Insider. July 26, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210726214328/https://www.businessinsider.com/robert-f-kennedy-jr-jfk-nephew-anti-vax-misinformation-facebook-2021-7. July 26, 2021.
    264. News: Müller. Katja. December 6, 2021. The conspiracy-theorist Kennedy. Neue Zürcher Zeitung. December 29, 2021. December 29, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20211229050015/https://www.nzz.ch/amp/english/robert-kennedys-new-book-is-full-of-covid-19-conspiracy-theories-ld.1658762. live.
    265. News: January 25, 2022 . Robert F Kennedy Jr apologizes for Anne Frank comparison in anti-vax speech . The Guardian . Associated Press . January 25, 2022 . January 25, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220125180739/https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2022/jan/25/robert-f-kennedy-jr-vaccine-anne-frank . live.
    266. Web site: December 22, 2021. Fauci Calls RFK Jr. A 'Very Disturbed Individual' over Career Attacks. August 22, 2022. July 20, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220720145744/https://www.thewrap.com/dr-fauci-rfk-jr-shame-kennedys-disturbed-individual/. live.
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    268. News: Ross. Alexander Reid. Zhubi. Patricia. Inside the Weird Pro-QAnon German Group Behind RFK Jr.'s Latest Anti-Vaxx Stunt. The Daily Beast. September 2, 2020. December 19, 2020. November 26, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201126032953/https://www.thedailybeast.com/rfk-jrs-latest-anti-vaxx-stunt-backed-by-weird-pro-qanon-german-group-querdenken-711. live.
    269. News: Alba. Davey. Davey Alba. YouTube bans all anti-vaccine misinformation. https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211228/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/09/29/technology/youtube-anti-vaxx-ban.html . December 28, 2021 . limited. The New York Times. September 29, 2021. September 30, 2021 . YouTube said on Wednesday that it was banning the accounts of several prominent anti-vaccine activists from its platform, including those of Joseph Mercola and Robert F. Kennedy Jr., as part of an effort to remove all content that falsely claims that approved vaccines are dangerous..
    270. News: Hanau. Shira. 'None of us can hide': RFK Jr. uses Holocaust analogy in speech at anti-vaccine mandate rally. Jewish Telegraphic Agency. January 24, 2022. January 24, 2022. January 24, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220124083646/https://www.jta.org/2022/01/24/politics/none-of-us-can-hide-rfk-jr-uses-holocaust-analogy-in-speech-at-anti-vaccine-mandate-rally. live.
    271. News: Fortinsky. Sarah. Graef. Aileen. Robert F. Kennedy Jr. invokes Nazi Germany in offensive anti-vaccine speech. CNN. January 24, 2022. January 25, 2022. January 24, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220124230600/https://edition.cnn.com/2022/01/23/politics/robert-f-kennedy-nazi-germany-offensive-anti-vaccine-speech/index.html. live.
    272. News: Lima . Cristiano . June 4, 2023 . Instagram reinstates Robert Kennedy Jr. after launch of presidential bid . The Washington Post . June 5, 2023 . 0190-8286 . June 5, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230605034220/https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2023/06/04/robert-kennedy-instagram/ . live.
    273. News: Koenig . Lauren . Shelton . Shania . July 15, 2023 . Jewish groups denounce RFK Jr.'s false remarks that Covid-19 was 'ethnically targeted' to spare Jews and Chinese people . July 16, 2023 . CNN.
    274. News: Robert F. Kennedy Jr. Airs Bigoted New Covid Conspiracy Theory About Jews and Chinese . The New York Times . Jonathan . Weisman . July 15, 2023 . July 17, 2023.
    275. News: Horovitz . Michael . RFK Jr. suggests COVID-19 was 'ethnically targeted' to avoid Ashkenazi Jews . July 16, 2023 . . July 15, 2023.
    276. News: Stone . Will . June 8, 2021 . An Anti-Vaccine Film Targeted To Black Americans Spreads False Information . NPR News . June 9, 2023.
    277. Web site: Hale Spencer . Saranac . Fichera . Angelo . March 11, 2021 . RFK Jr. Video Pushes Known Vaccine Misrepresentations . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20210312005215/https://www.factcheck.org/2021/03/scicheck-rfk-jr-video-pushes-known-vaccine-misrepresentations/ . March 12, 2021 . March 21, 2021 . Factcheck.org . Annenberg Public Policy Center.
    278. Web site: Stone . Will . June 9, 2021 . An Anti-Vaccine Film Targeted to Black Americans Spreads False Information . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20220202004104/https://khn.org/news/article/an-anti-vaccine-film-targeted-to-black-americans-spreads-false-information/ . February 2, 2022 . February 2, 2022 . Kaiser Family Foundation.
    279. News: Murphy . Hannah . Venkataramakrishnan . Siddharth . Stacey . Kiran . March 15, 2021 . Facebook and Twitter resist calls to ban anti-vaxx campaigner . Financial Times . June 15, 2023.
    280. Wilson . Dan . May 31, 2022 . RFK Jr. Goes full HIV/AIDS denial in his terrible book about Anthony Fauci . YouTube . May 20, 2023 . May 20, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230520233600/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c5TxLesI_kU . live.
    281. News: Nagourney . Adam . Adam Nagourney . February 26, 2022 . A Kennedy's Crusade Against Covid Vaccines Anguishes Family and Friends . The New York Times. March 2, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220228163440/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/02/26/us/robert-kennedy-covid-vaccine.html . February 28, 2022.
    282. News: RFK Jr. Is Our Brother and Uncle. He's Tragically Wrong About Vaccines . Kennedy Townsend . Kathleen . Kathleen Kennedy Townsend . May 8, 2019 . Politico . May 8, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190508183738/https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2019/05/08/robert-kennedy-jr-measles-vaccines-226798 . May 8, 2019 . live . Kennedy . Joseph P. . Joseph P. Kennedy II . Kennedy McKean . Maeve.
    283. News: Kennedy Meltzer. Kerry. December 30, 2020. Vaccines Are Safe, No Matter What Robert Kennedy Jr. Says. The New York Times. live. January 2, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210101052643/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/12/30/opinion/covid-vaccine-bobby-kennedy.html. January 1, 2021.
    284. Kennedy, Robert F. Jr. (June 6, 2017). Foreword for The Peanut Allergy Epidemic: What's Causing It And How To Stop It. Third Edition. by Heather Fraser, New York: Skyhorse Publishing. .
    285. Weir. Keziah. May 13, 2021. How Robert F. Kennedy Jr. Became the Anti-vaxxer Icon of America's Nightmares. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20210704184014/https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2021/05/how-robert-f-kennedy-jr-became-anti-vaxxer-icon-nightmare. July 4, 2021. July 7, 2021. Vanity Fair.
    286. News: Robert F. Kennedy Jr. . A Miscarriage of Justice . January 13, 2020 . The Atlantic . January–February 2003 . October 18, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20191018115415/https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2003/01/a-miscarriage-of-justice/304759/ . live.
    287. News: Michael . Melia . July 12, 2016 . Hartford Courant . RFK Jr. Book Stokes Intrigue In Michael Skakel Murder Case . July 12, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160713175621/http://www.courant.com/news/connecticut/hc-skakel-book-0713-20160712-story.html . July 13, 2016 . live.
    288. Web site: Schneider . Michael . FX Prods. to Develop 'Framed,' Robert F. Kennedy Jr's Crusade to Clear His Cousin's Murder Conviction . . September 20, 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20171011072523/http://www.indiewire.com/2017/09/robert-f-kennedy-framed-michael-skakel-martha-moxley-fx-1201876985. October 11, 2017.
    289. Web site: Ellis . Ralph . Casarez . Jean . Court vacates Michael Skakel's murder conviction and orders a new trial . CNN . May 4, 2018 . Cable News Network. Turner Broadcasting System, Inc. . May 5, 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180505084903/https://www.cnn.com/2018/05/04/us/michael-skakel-conviction-vacated/index.html . May 5, 2018 . live.
    290. News: Edmund H. . Mahony . October 30, 2020 . Prosecutor in infamous Greenwich murder case tells judge state will not retry Kennedy cousin Michael Skakel in 1975 Martha Moxley killing . Hartford Courant . October 30, 2020 .
    291. DiEugenio, Jim (February 3, 2013). "The MSM and RFK Jr.: Only 45 years late this time". Kennedy and King (formerly CTKA).
    292. News: RFK Jr: Dad believed Warren Commission 'shoddy'. CBS News. Associated Press. January 12, 2013. December 19, 2020. March 2, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210302124836/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/rfk-jr-dad-believed-warren-commission-shoddy/. live.
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    294. Web site: Release the JFK Files Petition . November 12, 2023 . Release the JFK Files Petition .
    295. News: RFK Jr. calls for Biden to release last of JFK assassination records . November 22, 2023 . NY1.
    296. Web site: Podcast #388 - transcript 1:10:31 . Lex Fridman podcast . July 6, 2023 . 1 December 2023.
    297. News: Jackman. Tom. Who killed Bobby Kennedy? His son RFK Jr. doesn't believe it was Sirhan Sirhan . June 5, 2018 . . https://web.archive.org/web/20181007092707/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/retropolis/wp/2018/05/26/who-killed-bobby-kennedy-his-son-rfk-jr-doesnt-believe-it-was-sirhan-sirhan . October 7, 2018 . live.
    298. Hayes . Tyrone B. . Khoury . Vicky . Narayan . Anne . Nazir . Mariam . Park . Andrew . Brown . Travis . Adame . Lillian . Chan . Elton . Buchholz . Daniel . Stueve . Theresa . Gallipeau . Sherrie . March 9, 2010 . Atrazine induces complete feminization and chemical castration in male African clawed frogs (Xenopus laevis) . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences . 107 . 10 . 4612–4617 . 10.1073/pnas.0909519107 . 0027-8424 . 2842049 . 20194757 . 2010PNAS..107.4612H . free .
    299. News: Graziosi . Graig . June 20, 2023 . YouTube removes Robert F. Kennedy, Jr. video featuring bizarre claim that polluted water makes children transgender . . June 22, 2023.
    300. Web site: Duffy . Clare . June 20, 2023 . YouTube removed video of Robert F. Kennedy, Jr. for violating vaccine misinformation policy . July 20, 2023 . CNN Business.
    301. News: Infowars' Alex Jones has a long history of inflammatory, anti-LGBTQ speech. August 7, 2018. June 22, 2023. Alexander. Kacala. NBC News.
    302. News: Brownworth . Victoria A. . June 21, 2023 . Robert F. Kennedy Jr.: The Shaming of a Legacy . . June 22, 2023.
    303. Web site: Segalov . Michael . June 8, 2017 . A Quick Refresher: The Truth About Water Making You Gay . July 20, 2023 . Vice.
    304. Web site: Kaczynski . Andrew . Abby . Turner . July 13, 2023 . Robert F. Kennedy Jr. repeatedly suggested that chemicals in water are impacting sexuality of children. July 20, 2023 . CNN Politics.
    305. Rubinowitz, Susan. (December 10, 2014). "Robert F. Kennedy Jr. – The Bird Rehabilitator". Pet Place.
    306. News Staff (February 15, 2002). "Robert F. Kennedy Jr. to speak at Syracuse University". Syracuse University News.
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    308. [Jon Bowermaster|Bowermaster, Jon]
    309. Jourdan. Michael. Mountain Tribute to JFK Evoked by Kennedy Trip to Yukon. https://web.archive.org/web/20230128234334/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/130805-kennedy-rfk-jfk-mountain-climbing-adventure-yukon-assassination. dead. January 28, 2023. August 6, 2013. National Geographic. July 28, 2023.
    310. Kennedy, Robert (April 9, 1965). "Our Climb Up Mt. Kennedy". Life.
    311. News: Robert F. Kennedy Jr. Weds Law Classmate . January 13, 2020 . The New York Times . United Press International . April 4, 1982 . October 29, 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20141029153555/http://www.nytimes.com/1982/04/04/us/robert-f-kennedy-jr-weds-law-classmate.html . live.
    312. Web site: Kathleen Alexandra Kennedy . April 12, 2022 . Geni.com . April 13, 1988 . April 12, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220412005106/https://www.geni.com/people/Kathleen-Kennedy/305135472170001247 . live.
    313. Web site: Kathleen 'Kick' Kennedy - the scandalous, rebellious, and tragic life of JFK's sister . IrishCentral.com . November 7, 2021 . April 15, 2022 . August 13, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160813043223/http://www.irishcentral.com/roots/history/The-scandalous-rebellious-and-tragic-life-of-JFKs-sister-Kick.html . live.
    314. News: Shaw . Dan . March 28, 1994 . Chronicle . The New York Times . 6 . April 10, 2023 . April 10, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230410090320/https://www.nytimes.com/1994/03/28/nyregion/chronicle-599883.html . live.
    315. News: Brozan . Nadine . April 20, 1994 . Chronicle . The New York Times . The New York Times Archives . 4 . April 10, 2023 . December 11, 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20121211110455/http://www.nytimes.com/1994/04/20/style/chronicle-836761.html . live.
    316. News: Hall . Christine . May 17, 2012 . Police: Mary Kennedy Committed Suicide . The Bedford Daily Voice . April 10, 2023 . April 10, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230410101800/https://dailyvoice.com/new-york/bedford/news/police-mary-kennedy-committed-suicide/483357/ . live.
    317. Amira . Dan . September 9, 2013 . Robert F. Kennedy Jr. Allegedly Had Affairs With 37 Women in 2001 . July 31, 2023 . New York.
    318. News: Woletz . Bob . No Curbs on Their Enthusiasm . The New York Times. January 13, 2020 . August 3, 2014 . January 13, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200113141007/https://www.nytimes.com/2014/08/03/fashion/weddings/no-curbs-on-their-enthusiasm.html . live.
    319. News: Andrews-Dyer . Helena . Actress Cheryl Hines marries Robert F. Kennedy Jr. at Kennedy family compound in Cape Code. January 13, 2020 . . August 3, 2014 . January 15, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200115001440/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/reliable-source/wp/2014/08/03/actress-cheryl-hines-marries-robert-f-kennedy-jr-at-kennedy-family-compound-in-cape-cod/ . live.
    320. Web site: RFK Jr. tells NH crowd he's considering a presidential run. https://web.archive.org/web/20230409123958/https://www.wbur.org/news/2023/03/06/robert-kennedy-jr-considers-presidential-run-2024-new-hampshire. dead. April 9, 2023. www.wbur.org.
    321. 1641816214644113409 . RobertKennedyJr . With my friends @delbigtree + @AaronSiriSG at strategy session at my home on Cape Cod. . Robert F. Jr. . Kennedy . March 31, 2023 . April 6, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230423153538/https://twitter.com/RobertKennedyJr/status/1641816214644113409?cxt=HHwWgoC2xcDJ88gtAAAA . April 23, 2023 . live.
    322. News: Cox . Lauren . Kennedy's Voice Draws Attention to Rare Disorder. January 13, 2020 . ABC News . January 7, 2009 . March 2, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210302124835/https://abcnews.go.com/Health/story?id=5296702&page=1 . live.
    323. Web site: July 3, 2024 . Voice Disorders . July 3, 2024 . American Speech-Language Hearing Association (ASHA).
    324. Web site: July 4, 2024 . About Spasmodic Dysphonia . July 4, 2024 . Dysphonia International.
    325. News: Robert F Kennedy Jr says health issue caused by dead worm in his brain. The Guardian. Martin. Pengelly . May 8, 2024 . May 10, 2024 .
    326. News: Craig . Susanne . May 8, 2024 . R.F.K. Jr. Says Doctors Found a Dead Worm in His Brain . May 8, 2024 . The New York Times . 0362-4331.
    327. News: Nirappil . Fenit . RFK Jr. revealed he had a parasitic brain worm. Here's what to know. . 9 August 2024 . Washington Post . May 8, 2024.
    328. News: A natural devotion . March 15, 2023 . The Boston Globe . March 15, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230315205007/https://archive.boston.com/ae/books/articles/2005/03/15/a_natural_devotion/ . live.
    329. Web site: Robert F. Kennedy Jr. takes a lesson from St. Francis . Paulson . Michael . Michael Paulson . March 19, 2005 . Houston Chronicle . The Boston Globe . May 11, 2023 . May 11, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230511141203/https://www.chron.com/life/houston-belief/article/Robert-F-Kennedy-Jr-takes-a-lesson-from-St-1939959.php . live.
    330. News: Robert Kennedy Jr: My father's story, values, hopes . Gisotti . Alessandro . June 5, 2018 . Vatican News . May 11, 2023 . May 11, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230511141203/https://www.vaticannews.va/en/world/news/2018-06/robert-kennedy-jr-father-interview-anniversary.html . live.
    331. News: 'I am not a church boy': RFK Jr responds to sex assault allegation . Wendling . Mike . BBC News . July 2, 2024 . July 2, 2024.
    332. RFK Jr.'s Family Doesn't Want Him to Run. Even They May Not Know His Darkest Secrets . Hagan . Joe . Vanity Fair . July 2, 2024 . July 2, 2024.
    333. RFK Jr. Says He Loves, Does Not Eat, Dogs . Stieb, Matt . The New Yorker . July 8, 2024 . August 4, 2024.
    334. Web site: Robert F. Kennedy Jr. posts video saying he put a young dead bear in Central Park . Lebowitz, Megan . NBC News . August 4, 2024 . August 4, 2024.
    335. News: Treisman . Rachel . RFK Jr. admits to dumping a dead bear in Central Park, solving a decade-old mystery . 7 August 2024 . . . 5 August 2024 . RFKJ Bear Treisman 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240807072449/https://www.npr.org/2024/08/05/nx-s1-5063939/rfk-jr-central-park-bear-bicycle . 7 August 2024.
    336. RFK Jr. Admits Planting Dead Bear in Central Park . Danner, Chas . The New Yorker . August 4, 2024 . August 4, 2024.
    337. Web site: Robert F. Kennedy Jr. Admits He Left a Dead Bear in Central Park . Fitzsimmons, Emma G. . The New York Times . August 4, 2024 . August 4, 2024.
    338. News: Kessler . Glenn . RFK Jr.'s distorted account of evidence he provided in a cousin's case . . June 14, 2024 . June 14, 2024.

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