| Robert H. Barrow | |
| Birth Date: | 5 February 1922 |
| Birth Place: | Baton Rouge, Louisiana, U.S. |
| Death Place: | St. Francisville, Louisiana, U.S.[1] |
| Allegiance: | United States |
| Branch: | United States Marine Corps |
| Serviceyears: | 1942–1983[2] |
| Rank: | General |
| Commands: | Commandant of the Marine Corps Fleet Marine Force, Atlantic Marine Corps Recruit Depot Parris Island Marine Corps Base Camp Smedley D. Butler 9th Marine Regiment |
| Battles: | World War II
Vietnam War |
| Awards: | Navy Cross Distinguished Service Cross Defense Distinguished Service Medal (2) Navy Distinguished Service Medal Army Distinguished Service Medal Silver Star Legion of Merit (3) Bronze Star Medal (2) |
| Laterwork: | Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board |
Robert Hilliard Barrow (February 5, 1922 – October 30, 2008) was a United States Marine Corps four-star general. Barrow was the 27th Commandant of the Marine Corps from 1979 to 1983. He served for 41 years, including overseas command duty in World War II, the Korean War and the Vietnam War. Barrow was awarded the Navy Cross and Distinguished Service Cross for extraordinary heroism in Korea and Vietnam, respectively.
Barrow was born on February 5, 1922, in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, and grew up on his family's Rosale Plantation in West Feliciana Parish, Louisiana. The family's circumstances were difficult. They had no electricity, so Barrow satisfied an early passion for reading by using a kerosene lamp.[1]
Because it offered free tuition and low boarding costs, Barrow attended Louisiana State University from 1939 to 1942,[3] working as a waiter and a janitor and served in the university's Corps of Cadets.[1]
In 1942, Barrow left the university early to join the United States Marine Corps.[4] He attended recruit training at Marine Corps Recruit Depot San Diego and was retained as a Drill Instructor after his graduation. While serving on the drill field, he was selected to attend Officer Candidate School in February 1943. He was commissioned a second lieutenant on May 19, 1943.[5]
Barrow served in China during World War II. He was a first lieutenant in the United States Navy Group China, Sino-American Cooperative Organization (SACO) from August 1944 to November 1945. SACO was a United States trained and equipped Chinese guerilla team in Japanese-occupied Central China. Barrow is said by his son to have described his China service as one of his "most vivid experiences".[6] For his service, he was awarded the Bronze Star Medal with Combat "V".[7]
Barrow commanded Company A, 1st Battalion, 1st Marines during the Korean War and participated in the Inchon-Seoul campaign and in the Chosin Reservoir campaign. He has been described as the "finest company commander" of the Korean War.[6] For his heroism in holding a pass near Koto-ri on December 9–10, 1950, he was awarded the Navy Cross.[5]
Barrow's Navy Cross citation reads:
In February 1956, Barrow began an 18-month tour with the 2nd Battalion, 6th Marines at Camp Lejeune, North Carolina. From the summer of 1957 to the summer of 1960, he served as the Marine Officer Instructor, at the Tulane University Naval Reserve Officer Training Corps. In September 1959, he was promoted to lieutenant colonel.[5] Barrow graduated from the National War College in June 1968.[5]
Barrow served in the Vietnam War as commanding officer of the 9th Marine Regiment, 3rd Marine Division (Rein) and was a Deputy G-3 in the III Marine Amphibious Force. While in command of the 9th Marines, he saw combat near the DMZ, Khe Sanh, Da Krong Valley, and A Shau Valley. He received the Distinguished Service Cross for his extraordinary heroism in Operation Dewey Canyon.[5]
Barrow's Distinguished Service Cross citation reads:
In August 1969, Barrow was promoted to brigadier general, then deployed to Japan to serve as commanding general at Camp Butler in Okinawa. He received a Legion of Merit for his three years of service and left Okinawa as a major general select. On promotion to major general, he became commanding general of Marine Corps Recruit Depot, Parris Island.
Barrow was promoted to lieutenant general in 1975 and assigned to Headquarters Marine Corps as deputy chief of staff for manpower. In 1976, he was named commanding general of Fleet Marine Force, Atlantic, at Norfolk, Virginia. In July 1978, Barrow became the Assistant Commandant of the Marine Corps, serving until July 1979 when he became the Commandant of the Marine Corps. From 1978 to 1979, Barrow also served as president of the Marine Corps Association.[8]
Barrow was the first commandant to serve, by law, as a regular full member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. As commandant, "he was instrumental in acquiring approval of production for the Marine Corps of the American-modified Harrier aircraft, in awakening interest in new and improved naval gunfire support, in getting amphibious ships included in the navy's new construction programs, and in returning hospital ships to the fleet, especially on station with Marine Corps amphibious task forces."[5]
In 1981, Barrow received the Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement presented by Awards Council member General David C. Jones, USAF.[9]
Barrow retired from the Marine Corps on 30 June 1983, and was presented with the Navy Distinguished Service Medal upon retirement.
Barrow's decorations, awards, and badges include:[3] [10]
After Barrow's retirement from the Marine Corps, he was appointed by President Ronald Reagan to the Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board and to the president's Blue Ribbon Commission on Defense Management.[12]
In 1983, a letter from Barrow to Caspar W. Weinberger was released by the Pentagon. In the letter, Barrow criticized Israeli soldiers in Lebanon, saying that the Israelis were firing on United States troops, among other things. Israel denied the charges.[1]
Barrow's wife of 53 years, Patty, died in 2005.
Barrow died on October 30, 2008, at the age of 86.[13] He was survived by his sons Charles C. Pulliam, of Greenville, South Carolina, and Robert H. Barrow, a retired lieutenant colonel of Marines, of Tampa, Florida; his daughters Cathleen P. Harmon, of Killeen, Texas, Barbara B. Kanegaye, of Houston, Texas, and Mary B. Hannigan, of Oakton, Virginia, eleven grandchildren, and five great-grandchildren.[1]
Barrow was buried with full military honors on November 3, 2008. The service was held at Grace Episcopal Church and Cemetery in St. Francisville, the seat of West Feliciana Parish, Louisiana. The Commandant of the Marine Corps, General James T. Conway, delivered the eulogy, recognizing Barrow for his many initiatives ranging from recruiting to training; while former Commandant General Carl Mundy presented the burial colors to Barrow's next of kin.[14]