Robert Brandon Explained

Robert Brandon (died 30 May 1591) was an English goldsmith and jeweller to Queen Elizabeth I of England.^[1] A prominent member of the Goldsmiths' Company, Brandon was elected Chamberlain or treasurer of the City of London in 1583, a position he held until his death in 1591.

Career

Royal goldsmith

Brandon became a freeman of the Worshipful Company of Goldsmiths, one of the Livery Companies or craft guilds of the City of London, by redemption (paying an entrance fee) on 3 February 1548. He advanced to liveryman of the Goldsmiths' Company on 5 May 1561 and served as its Prime Warden 1582–83, chairing the Court of Wardens or governing body of the company. Brandon was one of the queen's two royal goldsmiths from c. 1558 to 1580.^{[2] [3]} Royal goldsmiths of this era "were often selected more for their financial skills than their craftsmanship", often acting as agents for other members of the company.^[4]

As royal goldsmith, Brandon made or supplied gold chains and the gold and silver-gilt cups, bowls, and other forms of plate that were given as New Year's gifts by the queen to members of her court and as gifts to foreign princes and their servants.^[5] The queen's gifts were recorded in inventories, known as "Gift Rolls", with such entries as, "Item, more given by her saide Majestie, and delivered the secunde of Marche, anno 20° praed' [year foresaid], to Doctor Bewtricke, sent from Duke Cashemere (Johann Casimir of Simmern), a chaine of golde, bought of Robert Brandon and Hugh Keall, our goldesmithes".^[6]

Chamberlain

On 8 January 1583, Brandon was elected chamberlain or treasurer of the City of London and served in that capacity until his death in 1591. In the hierarchy of City government, the chamberlain ranked second to the recorder. The chamberlain was responsible for enrolment of apprentices and admission of freemen; for the safekeeping and return of the goods and monies of orphans; and for the management and maintenance of City properties. The chamberlain reported fees, rents, and lease payments collected for tenements and lands, as well as monies paid out for their repair. "In the sixteenth century the chamberlain was held personally responsible for the Chamber's solvency; indeed the Chamber Accounts were designed to show whether the chamberlain owed the City money, rather than reveal the true financial state of the corporate body."^[7]

There were many worries about the finances of the chamberlain's office during the later years of Brandon's tenure, especially concerning the management of City lands. Although he was never formally charged or censured, in his will, drawn up three weeks before his death in 1591, Brandon was moved to defend himself:

Marriages and progeny

Brandon married twice:

• Firstly to Katherine Barber (d.1574, buried at St Vedast), at St Mary Woolnoth in 1548. By her he had issue including:
  • Alice Brandon (1556–1611), who married on 15 July 1576 at St Vedast, Foster Lane, London, to Nicholas Hilliard, later goldsmith and portrait miniaturist to the queen.^[8] Hilliard had served an apprenticeship of seven years to Brandon in the 1560s, and was elected a freeman of the Goldsmiths' Company in 1569.^[9]
  • Mary Brandon (b. 1566), who married on 23 May 1586 at St Vedast^[10] Captain John Martin, son of Richard Martin, a member of the Goldsmiths' Company and later Lord Mayor of London, who had commanded the Benjamin during the 1585–86 expedition of Sir Francis Drake to harass the Spanish ports in the New World.^[11] In 1607 John Martin became a Councilman of the Jamestown Colony of Virginia and was the proprietor of Martin's Brandon Plantation on the south bank of the James River, apparently named after his wife's family.
• Secondly to Elizabeth Osborne (d.1588), widow of a certain Chapman, by whom he had issue including:
  • Lucy Brandon (d.1652), who married Sir Richard Reynell (d.1633) who built Forde House, Wolborough, Devon.^[12] Her recumbent effigy, next to that of her husband, exists in Wolborough parish church. Lucy was the subject of a book published in 1654, The Life and Death of the Religious and Virtuous Lady, the Lady Lucie Reynell of Ford by her nephew Edward Reynell, which recorded Lucy's strict manners, and her charitable works, including her almshouses of 1640, the successors to which still exist in Newton Abbot.

Death

Robert Brandon died in London on 30 May 1591. He was survived by a son, Edward, five daughters of his first marriage, and Lucy, his daughter by his second wife.

See also

• Tudor London

References

• Book: Brown, Alexander. The Genesis of the United States: A Narrative of the Movement in England, 1605–1616. Houghton, Mifflin. 1890. 27 December 2008.
• Book: Campbell, Gordon. The Grove Encyclopedia of Decorative Arts. Oxford University Press US. 2006. 0-19-518948-5. 27 December 2008.
• Book: Currer-Briggs, Noel. The Search for Mr. Thomas Kirbye, Gentleman. Phillimore. 1986. 0-85033-532-9. 27 December 2008.
• Book: Kinney, Arthur F.. Nicholas Hilliard's "Art of Limning". Northeastern University Press. 1983. 0-930350-31-6.
• Book: Masters, Betty R.. 1984. Introduction: The Chamber in the sixteenth century. Chamber accounts of the sixteenth century. London Record Society, 20. XXXII-XXXVIII. 26 December 2008.
• Web site: City Lands Grant Books. National Archives. 27 December 2008.
• Book: Nichols, John. The Progresses and Public Processions of Queen Elizabeth: Among which are Interspersed Other Solemnities, Public Expenditures, and Remarkable Events During the Reign of that Illustrious Princess. Collected from Original Manuscripts, Scarce Pamphlets, Corporation Records, Parochial Registers, Etc .... J. Nichols and Son. 1823. 27 December 2008.
• Book: Strong, Roy. Gloriana: The Portraits of Queen Elizabeth I. registration. 1987. Thames and Hudson. 0-500-25098-7.

Notes and References

1. Masters, p. xxxii–xxxviii
2. The other royal goldsmiths were Affabel Partridge c. 1558–76 and Hugh Keall 1577–80 (H. D. W. Sitwell, 'The Jewel House and the Royal Goldsmiths', Archaeological Journal, cxvii, 1960, p. 150, cited in Masters)
3. Web site: The Goldmsiths' Company: Membership and Governance. 26 December 2008.
4. Campbell, p. 53
5. Adam Eaker, The Tudors: Art and Majesty in Renaissance England (New York, 2023), p. 157.
6. Nicols, p. 91. See other items on pp. 88–91, 261–274.
7. National Archives,City Lands Grant Books
8. Strong, pp. 79–83
9. Kinney, pp. 3–12
10. Currer-Briggs, p. 162
11. Brown, pp. 943–944
12. Vivian, Lt.Col. J. L., (ed.) The Visitations of the County of Devon: Comprising the Heralds' Visitations of 1531, 1564 & 1620, Exeter, 1895, p. 643, pedigree of Reynell