| Robert Budd Gilchrist | |
| Office: | Judge of the United States District Court for the District of South Carolina |
| Term Start: | October 30, 1839 |
| Term End: | May 1, 1856 |
| Appointer: | Martin Van Buren |
| Predecessor: | Thomas Lee |
| Successor: | Andrew Gordon Magrath |
| Birth Name: | Robert Budd Gilchrist |
| Birth Date: | 28 September 1796 |
| Birth Place: | Charleston, South Carolina, US |
| Death Place: | Charleston, South Carolina, US |
| Education: | University of South Carolina (A.B., A.M.) read law |
Robert Budd Gilchrist (September 28, 1796 – May 1, 1856) was a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the District of South Carolina.
Born in Charleston, South Carolina, Gilchrist received an Artium Baccalaureus degree from South Carolina College (now the University of South Carolina) in 1814 and an Artium Magister degree from the same institution in 1817. He read law to enter the bar in 1818, and was in private practice in Charleston from then until 1831. He was the United States Attorney for the District of South Carolina from 1831 to 1839.
Gilchrist received a recess appointment from President Martin Van Buren on October 30, 1839, to a seat on the United States District Court for the District of South Carolina vacated by Judge Thomas Lee. He was nominated to the same position by President Van Buren on January 23, 1840. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on February 17, 1840, and received his commission the same day. His service terminated on May 1, 1856, due to his death in Charleston.