| Robert Aldersey Vinal | |
| Office: | Member of the Massachusetts House of Representatives for the 3rd Middlesex District |
| Term Start: | 1865 |
| Term End: | 1865 |
| Predecessor: | Charles Powers |
| Successor: | Frederick R. Kinsley |
| Office2: | Member of the Somerville Massachusetts Board of Selectmen |
| Term Start2: | 1869 |
| Term End2: | January 2, 1872 |
| Predecessor2: | New position |
| Successor2: | Office Abolished |
| Birth Date: | March 6, 1821 |
| Death Date: | April 12, 1887 |
| Nationality: | American |
| Spouse: | Almira Louise Pierce |
| Profession: | Merchant |
Robert Aldersey Vinal (March 6, 1821 – April 12, 1887) was a Massachusetts businessman and politician who served as a member of the Massachusetts House of Representatives and on the Board of Selectmen of Somerville, Massachusetts.