| Robert A. Rowland | |
| Office: | Assistant U.S. Secretary of Labor for Occupational Safety and Health |
| President: | Ronald Reagan |
| Term Start: | July 1984 |
| Term End: | July 1, 1985 |
| Preceded: | Thorne G. Auchter |
| Succeeded: | John A. Pendergrass |
| Office2: | 4th Chair of the Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission |
| President2: | Ronald Reagan |
| Term Start2: | August 2, 1981 |
| Term End2: | July 22, 1984 |
| Preceded2: | Timothy F. Cleary |
| Succeeded2: | E. Ross Buckley |
| Party: | Republican |
| Birth Name: | Robert Adrian Rowland |
| Birth Date: | 23 March 1932 |
| Birth Place: | Houston, Texas, U.S. |
| Education: | University of Texas (BA, LLB) |
| Occupation: | Lawyer |
Robert Adrian Rowland (March 23, 1932 – August 10, 2001) was an American lawyer who was appointed by Ronald Reagan via recess appointment to head the Occupational Safety and Health Administration in 1984 but was not confirmed by the U.S. Senate and resigned on May 25, 1985, effective July 1, amid ethics concerns. A millionaire Republican Party fund-raiser, he previously served as Texas chair of Reagan's 1980 campaign and chaired the Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission from 1981 to 1984.[1]