Rivington House Explained

Rivington House
Building Type:Former AIDS/HIV nursing home
Location:Lower East Side, Manhattan
Address:45 Rivington St, New York, NY 10002
Location City:New York City
Location Country:United States
Renovation Date:2016
Destruction Date:-->
Owner:China Vanke Co., Adam America Real Estate, and Slate Property Group
Unit Count:-->

Rivington House (45 Rivington Street) is a building located at Rivington Street and Forsyth Street in the Lower East Side of Manhattan in New York City. It was originally constructed as an elementary school known as Public School 20 in 1898, and then operated as a vocational school beginning in 1942. In the 1990s, the building was purchased by Village Nursing Home (later VillageCare) and was converted into a specialty nursing home for patients with HIV/AIDS.

The building gained media attention in 2015 when it was planned to lift the deed restriction on the building, allowing it to be transformed into a residential or commercial property. When the building was ultimately sold for $116 million, Mayor Bill de Blasio drew criticism for straying from his policy to increase affordable housing in the city. The building was eventually reclassified and sold to China Vanke Co., Adam America Real Estate, and Slate Property Group for residential development.[1]

Design

The Rivington House is located on the south side of Rivington Street between Forsyth Street and Eldridge Street in the Lower East Side. Across Forsyth Street to the west is Sara Delano Roosevelt Park. The building was constructed from 1897 to 1898, designed by architect C. B. J. Snyder in Renaissance Revival or Romanesque Revival style. Snyder, at the time the city's Superintendent of School Buildings, designed numerous other schools throughout the city. The building is five stories tall, with a basement and a small sixth floor in the center of the building. Its exterior features several decorative elements, including large stone-framed windows, several of which are arched, stone belt courses in between stories, and terracotta moldings. It also features several decorative plaques, including two at the front entrance on Rivington Street representing the New York City government. The interior, meanwhile, contains cast-iron columns with decorative elements.

The building was originally U-shaped, which was a common quirk of Snyder-designed schools and other city schools to let in more natural light. The open-space was filled in during the 1990s renovations to the building.[2] It also originally featured a yellow-brick facade, but was later altered with pink-red bricks.

The building was renovated from 1993 to 1994 into a nursing home for HIV/AIDS patients by the Perkins & Will and Davis Brody firms. The first floor features a lobby with reception and gift shop areas, a chapel, a meeting room, administrative space, and an intensive care unit with 17 beds. The remaining four floors each contain around 50 beds along with two nurses stations and dining areas. The fifth or penthouse floor contains additional recreation facilities. A ward for tuberculosis patients was also constructed. The basement contains utilities, kitchen facilities, and labs including a radiology suite. A loading dock was constructed as a southern extension of the original building on Forsyth Street.

Nearby sites

History

As a school building

Public School 20 was completed in 1898,[3] [4] [5] opening on September 12, 1898.[6] Upon opening, the school was also used as an evening recreation center for children.[7] Alumni of the elementary school include Irving Caesar, George and Ira Gershwin, Harry Golden, Jacob Javitz, Paul Muni, and Edward G. Robinson.[3] [8] In 1934, construction began on Sara Delano Roosevelt Park across the street, which would provide boys and girls playgrounds for Public School 20 and the nearby Public School 91.[9]

Public School 20 was closed in June 1942 due to low enrollment, with the nearby P.S. 91 expanding to replace it.[3] [10] Afterwards, the building became the Manhattan Trades Center and hosted special vocational programs for the New York City Board of Education.[3] [8] [11] This began with a high school program to train radio operators which opened on October 7, 1942.[12] The programs at the school contributed to the United States efforts during World War II, with graduates going on to become technicians and radio operators in the Armed Forces and the Merchant Marine. The school also featured programs to train disabled and vision impaired individuals.[13] Following the end of the war, the Board of Education created accelerated vocational and academic programs at the school for returning veterans.[14] [15]

In 1963, a new Public School 20 was opened at Stanton Street and Essex Street.[16] [17] [18] By 1963, the building at Rivington Street was used as the New York City Adult Training Center. At this time, the school operated programs training unemployed people to work in occupations such as house painting, as well a programs to train orderlies and licensed practical nurses, through an initiative from the federal Manpower Development and Training Act.[19] [20] [21]

As a nursing home

On April 18, 1989, then-New York City Mayor Ed Koch announced that the school would be redeveloped by the Village Nursing Home group into a facility called the Rivington House for patients suffering from HIV/AIDS. The nursing home would contain 230 beds, 80 of which would be reserved for patients from city hospitals.[22] This was in response to the outbreak of the disease around this time, with the Lower East Side being one of the most affected neighborhoods in the city.[23] [24] Later plans called for 45 beds reserved for tuberculosis patients.[4] At this time, the school building had gone unused for several years.[22]

The building was sold by the city to Village Nursing Home and was reconstructed from 1993 to 1994, with funding from public bonds.[3] [4] [22] The renovations were designed by the Perkins & Will and Davis Brody firms. The Davis Brody firm had several employees who had contracted AIDS.[3] [25] [26] The nursing home opened in 1995 with 219 beds.[3] [27] [28] Initially, the typical length of stay for patients was only 12 to 15 days with a 50 percent mortality rate. As treatment options for AIDS improved, by 1997 the length of patient stay increased and many were able to leave the facility and return home.[27] [29] In addition to in-patient care, the Rivington House also offered outpatient services and job placement assistance for patients.[23]

Closure and sale

Rivington House operated as a HIV/AIDS nursing home until 2015.[30] The lack of patients and the change in community care for people with HIV led VillageCare to announce in 2014 that they would be closing the facility in Manhattan.[31] [23] As local press reported at the time, “the need for a single-purpose skilled nursing facility like Rivington House that segregates AIDS patients is long past."[32]

By 2015, Rivington House was non-performing and nearly vacant, and a nursing home operator in the region called The Allure Group purchased the building. Within the first year under new ownership, the building featured in the New York City press after an application was made to change the property's deed restrictions. Its restrictive deed prevented the property from being developed like many of the buildings in the same district, stating that the building had to be used for non-profit residential health care.[33]

Following the required payment to the Department of Citywide Administrative Services, as determined by the city, the building's deed restriction was lifted, and The Allure Group sold the building for $116 million to a developer. While sales of this value are common in New York City, the media honed in on Mayor Bill de Blasio for moving away from his policy of providing affordable housing.[34] Ricardo Morales, a deputy commissioner at the Citywide Department of Administrative Services was eventually relieved of his duties following the sale of Rivington House.[35]

More information about the deal entered the media in 2016, when Mayor Bill de Blasio suggested he didn't know about the land deal, prior to signing off on the lifting of the deed restriction.[36] [37] The statement made by Bill de Blasio was questioned following the release of a report by the New York City Department of Investigation. The report suggested that while many city officials denied knowing about the details of the deal, they were in fact fully aware of what was taking place.[38] The NY Post reported that Bill de Blasio's administration offered millions of dollars the month prior, in February 2016, to effectively undo the deal as it would reflect badly on the administration.[39]

The report stated that both The Allure Group and the city wanted to reclassify the building, and both parties knew a $17 million fee was needed specifically to remove the deed restriction.[40] The report also showed that the city understood any fees would result in the nursing home being flipped by The Allure Group, as the property was no longer viable in its current position.[41] The New York Times and NY Post made similar remarks to the report, referring to a meeting on March 11, 2015. If a $16.15 million payment was required to lift the deed restriction it “could not afford to pay the cost to remove the deed restriction and retain the property as a nursing home,” and “would consider converting the property into a luxury apartment building and forgo the nursing home renovation.”[42]

The city of New York opened an investigation into what had gone wrong with their management of the situation. However, the probe found no illegal conduct.[43] The city announced they could not sue The Allure Group, as legally they had not done anything wrong and determined instead that there was a need to revamp its own internal policies and procedures.[44] Despite the controversy caused by the sale and removing the deed restriction from Rivington House, the state legislators decided to reject a bill aimed at preventing similar sales from taking place in the future.[45]

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Walker. Ameena. Rivington House fate is still being challenged by community. Curbed. February 11, 2017. September 19, 2017. April 15, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170415122915/http://ny.curbed.com/2017/2/11/14586794/rivington-house-scandal-community. live.
  2. . Butler . Nicholas Murray . School-Building in New York City . Educational Review . January 1898 . 15 . 1 . 17–25 . . April 5, 2021 . July 6, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230706133003/https://books.google.com/books?id=pi0VAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA22 . live .
  3. Book: Mendelsohn . Joyce . The Lower East Side Remembered and Revisited: A History and Guide to a Legendary New York Neighborhood . 2009 . . New York . 978-0-231-51943-4 . 176–179, 229 . April 20, 2020 . July 6, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230706133004/https://books.google.com/books?id=9FmQLYB4h6MC . live .
  4. News: Lambert . Bruce . A Rare Warm Welcome for an AIDS Project . April 20, 2020 . . December 26, 1998 . April 22, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220422130908/https://www.nytimes.com/1993/12/26/nyregion/neighborhood-report-lower-manhattan-a-rare-warm-welcome-for-an-aids-project.html . live .
  5. Book: Second Avenue Subway in the Borough of Manhattan, New York County, New York: Supplemental Draft Environmental Impact Statement. March 2003. Metropolitan Transportation Authority. G1-14. en. 52034794. December 4, 2021. July 6, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230706133005/https://books.google.com/books?id=4yc3AQAAMAAJ&q=rivington+house&pg=PP31. live.
  6. News: Children Awaiting the Opening of the Doors of Public School No, 20, Clinton Street, Near Delancey . April 21, 2020 . . September 18, 1898 . July 6, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230706133004/https://fultonhistory.com/Newspaper%2011/New%20York%20NY%20World/New%20York%20NY%20World%201898/New%20York%20NY%20World%201898%20-%207460.pdf#xml=https://fultonhistory.com/dtSearch/dtisapi6.dll?cmd=getpdfhits&u=ffffffffdf36d7b0&DocId=6801013&Index=Z%253a%255cIndex%2520U%252dF%252dP&HitCount=4&hits=1d+1e+1f+20+&SearchForm=%252fFulton%255fform%252ehtml&.pdf . live .
  7. News: At the Recreation Centers . April 20, 2020 . . October 11, 1903 . July 6, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230706133004/https://fultonhistory.com/Newspaper%209/New%20York%20NY%20Sun/New%20York%20NY%20Sun%201903%20Jan-Dec%20Grayscale/New%20York%20NY%20Sun%201903%20Jan-Dec%20Grayscale%20-%204271.pdf#xml=https://fultonhistory.com/dtSearch/dtisapi6.dll?cmd=getpdfhits&u=ffffffffa7bd9306&DocId=3283187&Index=Z%253a%255cindex%2520G%252dT&HitCount=7&hits=9f9+9fa+9fb+a3f+a40+a41+e75+&SearchForm=%252fFulton%255fform%252ehtml&.pdf . live .
  8. News: Smilon . Marvin . Old School Tie-on the Lower East Side . April 21, 2020 . . . February 23, 1960 . 46 . July 6, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230706133004/https://fultonhistory.com/highlighter/highlight-for-xml?altUrl=https%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2FNewspaper%252024%2FNew%2520York%2520NY%2520Post%2FNew%2520York%2520NY%2520Post%25201960%2FNew%2520York%2520NY%2520Post%25201960%2520-%25203007.pdf%23xml%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2FdtSearch%2Fdtisapi6.dll%3Fcmd%3Dgetpdfhits%26u%3D2d7d7ad3%26DocId%3D2850625%26Index%3DZ%253a%255cDISK%2520X%26HitCount%3D3%26hits%3D17d%2B17e%2B17f%2B%26SearchForm%3D%252fFulton%255fform%252ehtml%26.pdf&uri=https%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2FNewspaper%252024%2FNew%2520York%2520NY%2520Post%2FNew%2520York%2520NY%2520Post%25201960%2FNew%2520York%2520NY%2520Post%25201960%2520-%25203007.pdf&xml=https%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2FdtSearch%2Fdtisapi6.dll%3Fcmd%3Dgetpdfhits%26u%3D2d7d7ad3%26DocId%3D2850625%26Index%3DZ%253a%255cDISK%2520X%26HitCount%3D3%26hits%3D17d%2B17e%2B17f%2B%26SearchForm%3D%252fFulton%255fform%252ehtml%26.pdf&openFirstHlPage=false . live .
  9. News: Dennen . Sarah S. . For Immediate Release . April 21, 2020 . . February 28, 1934 . April 26, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200426142747/http://www.kermitproject.org/newdeal/pdf/1934a.html . live .
  10. News: Hamilton High to be Shut Down . April 21, 2020 . . . March 27, 1942 . 43.
  11. News: . Top Alumni Tribute Tops 20 Teachers . April 21, 2020 . . . November 25, 1961 . July 6, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230706133508/https://fultonhistory.com/Newspaper4/Binghamton%20NY%20Press%20Grayscale/Binghamton%20NY%20Press%20Grayscale%201961/Binghamton%20NY%20Press%20Grayscale%201961%20a%20-%205824.pdf#xml=https://fultonhistory.com/dtSearch/dtisapi6.dll?cmd=getpdfhits&u=ffffffffe1c67e18&DocId=810033&Index=Z%253a%255cindex%2520G%252dT&HitCount=3&hits=4e2+4e3+4e4+&SearchForm=%252fFulton%255fform%252ehtml&.pdf . live .
  12. News: Open New School For Radio Operators . April 21, 2020 . . . October 7, 1942 . 5 . April 15, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220415122105/https://bklyn.newspapers.com/image/52678454/?terms=%22public%2Bschool%2B20%22%2B%22rivington%22 . live .
  13. News: Post-War Aim in Job Program: Radio Center Utilizes Old School Building . April 21, 2020 . . . December 2, 1944 . 12.
  14. News: Board Describes Veteran Program . April 21, 2020 . . . December 14, 1945 . 20.
  15. News: Veterans Study in City Schools . April 21, 2020 . . . December 24, 1945 . 4.
  16. Web site: ABC Playground:History . . April 20, 2020 . October 1, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201001013609/https://www.nycgovparks.org/parks/abc-playground/history . live .
  17. News: Plaque Presented to Silver For His Aid to P.S. 20 . April 20, 2020 . . March 1, 1964 . April 21, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220421134224/https://www.nytimes.com/1964/03/01/plaque-presented-to-silver-for-his-aid-to-ps-20.html?searchResultPosition=4 . live .
  18. Web site: NYC Department of Education Building Condition Assessment Survey 2018-2019: P.S. 20 - Manhattan. New York City Department of Education. April 20, 2020. May 26, 2016. April 20, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200420084326/https://survey.nycsca.org/bcas/enc_rpts/M020_A.pdf. live.
  19. News: New Educational Procedures Introduced In Public School . April 21, 2020 . . . October 2, 1963 . 2 . July 6, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230706133533/https://fultonhistory.com/highlighter/highlight-for-xml?altUrl=https%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2FNewspapers%252023%2FBrooklyn%2520NY%2520New%2520York%2520and%2520Brooklyn%2520Daily%2FBrooklyn%2520NY%2520New%2520York%2520and%2520Brooklyn%2520Daily%2520%25201962-1969%2FBrooklyn%2520NY%2520New%2520York%2520and%2520Brooklyn%2520Daily%2520%25201962-1969%2520-%25200160.pdf%23xml%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2FdtSearch%2Fdtisapi6.dll%3Fcmd%3Dgetpdfhits%26u%3Dffffffffb8639c87%26DocId%3D1024624%26Index%3DZ%253a%255cDISK%2520S%26HitCount%3D2%26hits%3D613%2B614%2B%26SearchForm%3D%252fFulton%255fform%252ehtml%26.pdf&uri=https%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2FNewspapers%252023%2FBrooklyn%2520NY%2520New%2520York%2520and%2520Brooklyn%2520Daily%2FBrooklyn%2520NY%2520New%2520York%2520and%2520Brooklyn%2520Daily%2520%25201962-1969%2FBrooklyn%2520NY%2520New%2520York%2520and%2520Brooklyn%2520Daily%2520%25201962-1969%2520-%25200160.pdf&xml=https%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2FdtSearch%2Fdtisapi6.dll%3Fcmd%3Dgetpdfhits%26u%3Dffffffffb8639c87%26DocId%3D1024624%26Index%3DZ%253a%255cDISK%2520S%26HitCount%3D2%26hits%3D613%2B614%2B%26SearchForm%3D%252fFulton%255fform%252ehtml%26.pdf&openFirstHlPage=false . live .
  20. News: Training Act Aides State Unskilled; Courses Subsidized by U.S. Won Jobs for 3,000 . April 21, 2020 . . January 6, 1964 . July 6, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230706134012/https://www.nytimes.com/1964/01/06/archives/training-act-aids-state-unskilled-courses-subsidized-by-us-won-jobs.html . live .
  21. News: 664 Jobless Persons to Get Training in Making Shoes . April 21, 2020 . . October 14, 1964 . April 21, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220421141321/https://www.nytimes.com/1964/10/14/archives/664-jobless-persons-to-get-training-in-making-shoes.html?searchResultPosition=2 . live .
  22. News: Lubasch . Arnold H. . Former School To Be Converted To AIDS Home . April 20, 2020 . . April 18, 1989 . April 22, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220422063407/https://www.nytimes.com/1989/04/18/nyregion/former-school-to-be-converted-to-aids-home.html . live .
  23. Web site: Toth. Katie. With Longtime AIDS Care Center Rivington House Closing, Its Patients Are Left Anxious. VillageVoice. November 7, 2014. September 19, 2017. February 14, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190214020223/https://www.villagevoice.com/2014/11/07/with-longtime-aids-care-center-rivington-house-closing-its-patients-are-left-anxious/. live.
  24. News: Goldfarb . Jeffrey . AIDS Center Shows Times Are a-Changing . April 20, 2020 . . August 22, 1999 . January 29, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220129105826/https://www.nytimes.com/1999/08/22/nyregion/neighborhood-report-east-village-lower-east-side-aids-center-shows-times-are.html . live .
  25. Long Term Care Facilities: Plans . . August 1993 . 8 . 93 . 32 . April 20, 2020 . February 28, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200228053916/https://www.usmodernist.org/PA/PA-1983-08-S.PDF . live .
  26. News: Dunlap . David W. . AIDS and the Practice of Architecture . April 20, 2020 . . April 3, 1994 . April 22, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220422132627/https://www.nytimes.com/1994/04/03/realestate/aids-and-the-practice-of-architecture.html?searchResultPosition=9 . live .
  27. Web site: Shockley . Jay . Davis . Amanda . Lustbader . Ken . Dolkart . Andrew . NYC LGBT Historic Sites Project: Historic Context Statement for LGBT History in New York City . . April 20, 2020 . 70–71 . 2019 . April 20, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200420090008/https://parks.ny.gov/shpo/documents/FinalNYCLGBTContextStatement.pdf . dead .
  28. https://ag.ny.gov/sites/default/files/allure_settlement_doc.pdf
  29. News: Richardson . Lynda . An AIDS Nursing Home Finds It Is No Longer the Last Stop . April 20, 2020 . . January 25, 1997 . April 22, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220422171943/https://www.nytimes.com/1997/01/25/nyregion/an-aids-nursing-home-finds-it-is-no-longer-the-last-stop.html?searchResultPosition=20 . live .
  30. Web site: Toth. Katie. Owners of AIDS Care Facility Stuck With Building After Booting Patients. VillageVoice. October 23, 2014. September 19, 2017. September 12, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180912233347/https://www.villagevoice.com/2014/10/23/owners-of-aids-care-facility-stuck-with-building-after-booting-patients/. live.
  31. Web site: Robins. Brittany. End of an era for an AIDS center. NY Press. September 19, 2017. January 26, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170126080444/http://www.nypress.com/local-news/20141119/end-of-an-era-for-an-aids-center/1. live.
  32. Web site: Rivington House Nursing Facility is Closing in November. The Lo-Down. September 19, 2017. June 28, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170628094448/http://www.thelodownny.com/leslog/2014/07/rivington-house-nursing-facility-is-closing-in-november.html. live.
  33. Web site: Goodman. David. How New York Allowed Gentrification for $16 Million. New York Times. March 30, 2016. September 19, 2017. August 27, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170827005928/https://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/31/nyregion/nursing-homes-sale-to-condo-developer-raises-questions-for-city.html. live.
  34. Web site: Bill de Blasio again blames everyone but his own bungling hires. NY Post. April 26, 2016. December 20, 2017. November 23, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20171123033324/https://nypost.com/2016/04/26/bill-de-blasio-again-blames-everyone-but-his-own-bungling-hires/. live.
  35. Web site: Smith. Greg B.. City fires official who OK'd lifting deed restriction to convert nursing home into luxury condos. NY Daily News. February 26, 2017. September 19, 2017. February 25, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180225121028/http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/city-fires-official-center-rivington-deed-restriction-flub-article-1.2982244. live.
  36. Web site: Rosenberg. Zoe. City Hall's Inaction Led to Rivington House Sale, Report Finds. Curbed. July 16, 2016. September 19, 2017. July 11, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170711160121/https://ny.curbed.com/2016/7/15/12197698/rivington-house-lower-east-side-scandal. live.
  37. Web site: Dawsey. Josh. De Blasio Administration Didn't Know About Land Deal Before Lifting Deed Restrictions. Wall Street Journal. March 25, 2016. September 19, 2017. September 20, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170920202924/https://www.wsj.com/articles/de-blasio-administration-didnt-know-about-land-deal-before-lifting-deed-restrictions-1458951816. live.
  38. Web site: Ramey. Corinne. Bill de Blasio's Administration Failed to Protect Public Interest on Rivington Deal, Report Finds. Wall Street Journal. July 14, 2016. December 20, 2017. February 26, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170226073229/https://www.wsj.com/articles/bill-de-blasios-administration-failed-to-protect-public-interest-on-rivington-deal-report-finds-1468536948. live.
  39. Web site: Vincent. Isabel. How the city knew about, and tried to undo, $116M nursing-home flip. NY Post. April 24, 2016. December 20, 2017. September 19, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170919002501/http://nypost.com/2016/04/24/city-hall-knew-about-and-offered-16m-to-undo-nursing-home-flip/. live.
  40. News: Appendices for Examination of the City's Removal of the Deed Restriction at 45 Rivington Street in Manhattan. New York City Department of Investigation. July 2016.
  41. Web site: Stringer. Scott. De Blasio faults policy, not staff, for Rivington deal. Politico. July 14, 2016. September 19, 2017. January 6, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180106063541/https://www.politico.com/states/new-york/city-hall/story/2016/07/de-blasio-faults-policy-not-staff-for-rivington-deal-103870. live.
  42. Web site: Goodman. David. New York Officials Were Warned About Lifting Nursing Home's Deed Limits, Report Says. NY Times. July 14, 2016. September 19, 2017. January 5, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180105070340/https://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/15/nyregion/new-york-officials-were-warned-about-lifting-nursing-homes-deed-limits-report-says.html?_r=1. live.
  43. Web site: DOB lifts stop-work order at controversial Rivington House Nursing Home. The Real Deal. June 17, 2017. September 19, 2017. June 17, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170617220613/https://therealdeal.com/2017/06/17/dob-lifts-stop-work-order-at-controversial-rivington-house-nursing-home/. live.
  44. Web site: City admits it doesn't have a legal case against Allure Group over Rivington House. The Real Deal. December 30, 2016. September 19, 2017. January 12, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180112205448/https://therealdeal.com/2016/12/30/city-admits-it-doesnt-have-a-legal-case-against-allure-group-over-rivington-house/. live.
  45. Web site: Rosenberg. Zoe. State Senate rejects bill that could prevent another Rivington House scandal. Curbed. April 26, 2017. September 19, 2017. July 11, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170711195526/https://ny.curbed.com/2017/4/26/15425790/rivington-act-bill-nyc-scandal. live.

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