Following is a list of rivers of classical antiquity stating the Latin name, the equivalent English name, and also, in some cases, Greek and local name. The scope is intended to include, at least, rivers named and known widely in the Roman empire. This includes some rivers beyond the bounds of the Roman empire at its peak.
For locations of rivers having coordinates below, see linked OpenStreetMap, by clicking on "Map all coordinates using: OpenStreetMap".
Rivers, with approximate regions, area:
| Latin English, (other) and older names | Location | Note |
|---|---|---|
| Abdua, Addua Adda | Italia | Flows through Lake Como |
| Achelous¹ Acheloos (Achelous) | Epirus? | |
| Aciris Agri | Italia | |
| Adonis Nahr Ibrahim (Lebanon) | Syria | |
| Adrana Eder | Germania | |
| Aenus, Oenus Inn | Germania | |
| Aesis Esino | Italia | |
| Aesontius, Sontius Soča (Isonzo) | Pannonia Superior? | |
| Alara Aller | Germania | |
| Albinia Albegna | Italia | |
| Albis Elbe (Labe, Łaba) | Germania | |
| Alpheus¹ Alpheus (Alfeiós/Alpheiós) | Achaea? | |
| Alutus Olt | Thracia? Moesia Inferior? | |
| Amber Amper, Ammer | Germania | |
| Amisia, Amisus Ems | Germania | |
| Amnias Gök River | Bithynia and Pontus | Site of Battle of the River Amnias in 89 B.C. |
| Ana, Anas Guadiana | Hispania | |
| Anio Aniene (Teverone) | Italia | Tributary to the Tiber; water supply to expanding Roma. |
| Anisus Enns | Noricum? | Tributary to the Danube. |
| Apo Caraş (Karaš) | Moesia Superior | A left tributary to the Danube. |
| Arabo, Raba Rába (Raab) | Germania | |
| Arar Saône | Gallia | |
| Araros Buzău | Dacia? | |
| Arauris Hérault | Gallia | |
| Araxes Aras | Armenia? | |
| Arda Arda | Italia | |
| Ariminus Marecchia | Italia | |
| Armenta Fiora | Italia | |
| Arnus Arno | Italia | |
| Argessos, Argessus¹ Argeş | Dacia | From Carpathians to the Danube. How different than Orgessos? |
| Arsia, Arsa Raša (Arsia) | Dalmatia | |
| Arula Aare | Germania | |
| Arva Orava | Germania Magna? | |
| Asis Aso | Italia | |
| Atax Aude | Gallia | From Pyrenees to Mediterranean near Narbo. |
| Aternus Aterno | Italia | |
| Atesis Adige (Etsch) | Italia | |
| Aufentus, or Aufidus[1] Ufente | Italia | River, now channelized, through the former Pontine Marshes, where the Appian Way reached the sea. |
| Aufidus Ofanto | Italia | |
| Auvona Avon (Bristol?) | Brittania | |
| Avens Velino | Italia | |
| Axius¹ Vardar (Axiós) | Macedonia | |
| Axona Aisne | Gallia | |
| Baetis Guadalquivir | Hispania | |
| Bagradas Medjerda River | Africa | Site of several battles during the Punic Wars and later; see Battle of the Bagradas River. |
| Basana Bosna | Dalmatia? | |
| Boactes Vara | Italia | |
| Borysthenes Dnieper (Dniepr) | Sarmatia | |
| Bradanus Bradano | Italia | |
| Calipus Sado | Hispania | |
| Calor Calore Irpino | Italia | |
| Calor Calore Lucano | Italia | |
| Casuentus Basento | Italia | |
| Cephissus¹ (Athenae) Cephissus (Athens) (Kephissós, Kifissós) | Achaea | |
| Cephissus¹ (Boeotia) Cephissus (Boeotia) | Achaea | |
| Cephissus¹ (Eleusis) Cephissus (Eleusis) | Achaea? | |
| Chalusus, Treva Trave | Germania | |
| Ciabrus Tsibritsa | Moesia | |
| Clanis, Glanis, Clanius Clanius Clanio, Lagni[2] | Italia | |
| Clitumnus Clitunno | Italia | A tributary of the Topino, which is a tributary of the Tiber. The spring which is the source of the Clitumnus was regarded a beautiful place by the Romans and later by Byron and Giosuè Carducci. |
| Clota Clyde | Brittania | |
| Colapis Kupa (Kolpa) | Dalmatia? | |
| Conovius Conwy | Brittania | |
| Crathis Crati | Italia | |
| Crisus, Crisia Körös (Criş) | Dacia? | |
| Crustumium Conca[3] | Italia | |
| Cusus, Vagus Váh (Vág, Waag) | Germania Magna | |
| Danuvius, Danubius Upper Danube (Donau, Duna, Dunaj, Dunav, Dunărea) | Multiple | Border of several regions of Roman Empire at times. Crossed by Trajan's Bridge, a world wonder. Some lower portion of the Danube was termed the Ister. |
| Dierna Cerna | Dacia? | Dierna was a Roman fort at its confluence with the Danube. |
| Dubis Doubs | Gallia | |
| Duria maior, Duria Bautica Dora Baltea | Italia | |
| Duria minor Dora Riparia | Italia | A left tributary of the Padus. |
| Durius, Durias Douro (Duero) | Hispania | |
| Dravus Drave (Drau, Drava, Dráva) | Pannonia? | |
| Euphrates Euphrates | Parthia/Mesopotamia | |
| Feritor Bisagno | Italia | |
| Fertor, Frento Fortore | Italia | |
| Fevos Varaita | Italia | |
| Flosis Potenza | Italia | |
| Flusor Chienti | Italia | |
| Flussorius Fiastra | Italia | |
| Formio Rižana (Risano) | Italia? | |
| Garumna Garonne | Gallia | |
| Genusus Shkumbin | Macedonia | |
| Gerros, Gerrus¹ Molochnaya | Sarmatia? | |
| Helinius Helinium | Belgica | |
| Hierasus¹ Siret | Dacia | |
| Hypanis¹ Southern Bug (Boh, Buh) | Sarmatia | |
| Iberus Ebro (Ebre) | Hispania | |
| Idanus, Addua Ain | Gallia | |
| Ilargus Iller | Germania | |
| Indus Dalaman River | Asia Minor | Not to be confused with Indus River, the great river of Asia |
| Ira, Iria | Staffora | |
| Iris Yeşilırmak | Asia Minor | |
| Isala, Sala IJssel | Belgica | |
| Isara, Aesia, Oesia Oise | Belgica?, Gallia | |
| Isara, Isarus, Isargus Isar | Germania | |
| Isara Isère | Gallia | |
| Isarus, Isarcus Eisack (Isarco) | Italia | |
| Isaurus Foglia | Italia | |
| Ister Lower Danube (Donau, Duna, Dunaj, Dunav, Dunărea) | Some lower portion of the Danube, to its mouth on Black Sea. Danuvius was upper portion. | |
| Julia, Licus Gail | Germania? Gallia? | |
| Juvavus, Isonta Salzach | Germania | |
| Lametus | Amato | |
| Laus Lao | Italia | |
| Leontes Litani River (Lebanon) | Syria | |
| Licus, Lica, Licca Lech | Germania | |
| Liger Loire | Gallia | |
| Limia Lima | Hispania | |
| Liquentia Livenza | Italia | |
| Liris, Clanis Garigliano (Liri) | Italia | |
| Lupia, Luppia Lippe | Germania | |
| Lycus Nahr al-Kalb (Lebanon) | Syria | |
| Lycus Kelkit River | Asia Minor | |
| Macra, Latis Maira | Italia | |
| Macra Magra | Italia | |
| Margus Velika Morava (Serbia) | Moesia Superior | |
| Marisus, Marisia Mureş (Maros, Marusza) | Dacia | |
| Mataurus, Metaurus Metauro | Italia | |
| Meandrum, Meander Büyük Menderes River | Asia | |
| Metaurus Petrace | Italia | River in Calabria region. |
| Matrona Marne | Gallia | |
| Medoacus maior, Brinta Brenta | Italia | |
| Medoacus minor Bacchiglione | Italia | |
| Moënus Main | Germania | |
| Minius Minho (Miño) | Hispania | |
| Misco Musone | Italia | |
| Moldavia, Multavia Vltava (Moldau) | Germania Magna | |
| Monda Mondego River | Hispania | |
| Moravia Morava (Central Europe) (March) | Moesia Superior? | |
| Mosa Meuse | Belgica, Gallia? | |
| Mosella Moselle | Belgica, Gallia?, Germania? | |
| Murus Mur (Mura) | Germania | |
| Naparis Ialomița | Dacia? | |
| Naro Neretva | Dalmatia? | |
| Natiso Natisone | Italia, and? | |
| Natissis Noteć (Netze) | Germania | |
| Nicer Neckar | Germania | |
| Nilus Nile | Ægyptus | |
| Nura Nure | Italia | |
| Oenus Inn | Germania? | |
| Ollius, Olius Oglio | Italia | |
| Oltis Lot | Gallia | |
| Olubria Scrivia | Italia | |
| Orbis Orbe | Gallia?, Germania | |
| Ordessos Argeș | Dacia | How different than Argessos? |
| Orontes Orontes River (Lebanon) | Syria | |
| Orgus Orco | Italia | |
| Panticapes Inhul | Sarmatia | |
| Peneus¹ (Elea) Peneus (Ilia), (Pineiós/Peneiós) | Achaea | |
| Peneus¹ (Tempe) Peneus (Tempe), (Pineiós/Peneiós, Salambria) | Achaea | |
| Padus, Eridanus¹ Po | Italia | |
| Phrudis Bresle | Gallia | |
| Pisaurus Foglia | Italia | |
| Plavis Piave | Italia | |
| Potentia, or Flosis?[4] Potenza | Italia | |
| Pyretus Prut | Sarmatia? or Dacia? | |
| Rhenus Rhine (Rijn, Rhin, Rhein, Reno, Rein) | Germania | |
| Rabon Jiu (Zsil) | Thracia? | |
| Rha¹ Volga | Scythia? | |
| Rhodanus Rhône | Gallia | |
| Rubico Rubicon (Pisciatello, Fiumicino, Rubicone) | Italia | |
| Rura Ruhr | Germania | |
| Sabatus Sabato | Italia | |
| Sabatus Savuto | Italia | |
| Sabis Sambre | Belgica, Gallia? | |
| Sabis Selle | Gallia | |
| Sabrina Severn | Brittania | Longest river in Brittania |
| Sagrus Sangro | Italia | |
| Sala Franconian Saale | Germania? | Franconian Saale, a tributary of the Moënus. |
| Sala Saxon Saale | Germania | Thurigian Saale, a tributary of the Albis. |
| Salsum [5] Guadajoz | Hispania | A tributary of the Bætis. |
| Samara Somme | Gallia | |
| Samus Someş (Szamos) | Dacia? | A tributary of the Tisia. |
| Sangarius Sakarya | Asia Minor | |
| Sarius Serio | Italia | |
| Sarāvus Saar | Belgica? | A right tributary of the Mosella |
| Sargetia Strei | Dacia? | |
| Savus Sava (Száva) | Dalmatia | |
| Scultenna Panaro (Scoltenna) | Italia | Right tributary to the Padus. |
| Secia Secchia | Italia | |
| Sena, Misus Misa | Italia | Mouth is at Sena Gallica, Roman colony that was southernmost point of Hasdrubal Barca drive to relieve Hannibal in the Second Punic War, before the Battle of Metaurus. |
| Silarus Sillaro | Italia | |
| Silarus, Silerus, Siler Sele | Italia | |
| Sequana Seine | Gallia | |
| Sesites, Sessites Sesia | Italia | |
| Siris Sinni | Italia | |
| Spreva Spree | Germania Magna | |
| Strymon¹ Struma (Karasu, Strimónis) | Macedonia | |
| Stura Stura di Demonte | Italia | |
| Suasanus Cesano | Italia | |
| Sybaris Coscile | Italia | |
| Tagus Tajo (Tejo, Tagus) | Hispania | |
| Tamaca Tâmega | Hispania | |
| Tamarus Tammaro | Italia | |
| Tamesis, Tamesa Thames | Brittania | |
| Tanager Tanagro (Negro) | Italia | |
| Tanais Don | Sarmatia? or Scythia? | |
| Tanarus Tanaro | Italia | |
| Tarnis Tarn | Gallia | |
| Tarus Taro | Italia | |
| Tedanius Zrmanja (Zermagna) | Dalmatia | |
| Tessuinus Tesino | Italia | |
| Thader Segura | Hispania | |
| Tiberis, Tiber Tiber (Tevere) | Italia | |
| Tibiscus, Tibisis Timiş (Temes, Tamiš) | Moesia Superior? or Dacia? | |
| Ticinus Ticino (Tessin) | Italia | |
| Tigris Tigris | Parthia/Mesopotamia | |
| Timacus Timok | Moesia Superior? | A right tributary of the Danube. |
| Tinna Tenna | Italia | |
| Tifernus Biferno | Italia | |
| Tirinus Tirino | Italia? | |
| Tisia Tisza (Tissa, Theiss) | Dacia | |
| Titius, Corcoras, Korkoras¹ Krka (Cherca) | Dalmatia | |
| Tolerus, Trerus Sacco | Italia | |
| Trebia Trebbia | Italia | |
| Trinius Trigno | Italia | |
| Truentus Tronto | Italia | |
| Tyras Dniester (Dniestr, Nistru) | Sarmatia | |
| Umbro Ombrone | Italia | |
| Vacua Vouga | Hispania | |
| Varta Warta (Warthe) | Germania | A tributary of the Viadua, and connects to the Vistula by the Natissis and a canal (at least in modern times). |
| Varus Stura di Lanzo | Italia | |
| Varus Var | Gallia | |
| Viadua, Viadrua, Odera Oder (Odra) | Germania | |
| Visurgis Weser | Germania | |
| Vistula Vistula (Wisła, Weichsel) | Germania Magna | |
| Volturnus Volturno | Italia | |
| Vomanus Vomano | Italia |
¹ - Latinized spelling of a Greek name.