River rapids ride explained

A river rapids ride (or river rafting ride) is an amusement ride that simulates whitewater rafting.

History

The river rapids ride concept was proposed by Bill Crandall (general manager of AstroWorld in Houston) and developed by Intamin. AstroWorld introduced the world's first river rapids ride, Thunder River, in 1980 and popularized a concept which can now be found at most major amusement parks. Despite being an incredibly popular attraction, AstroWorld's Thunder River (being a prototype) was initially plagued by issues that were corrected in the first few seasons of operation. The boat bumpers were re-designed, portions of the wide river channel were narrowed or barricaded to prevent boats from bottle-necking or getting caught in a backflow, and a planned whirlpool effect was scrapped.

Construction

Many modern river rapids rides feature a much narrower river channel as well as smaller boats (6 seats as opposed to 12 seats). Some are heavily themed, while others may present a natural setting for added realism. Multiple manufacturers have introduced new elements to the rapids ride concept: a vertical lift system, shoot the chute-style drops, and a whirlpool feature.

River rapids rides feature circular rafts with two main components: the fiberglass body in which passengers are seated and the rubber ring upon which the body is secured. The rubber ring provides buoyancy as well as shock absorption for when rafts collide with an obstacle during the course of the ride or with each other. Most rafts hold between six and twelve passengers, seated in groups of two or three depending on the manufacturer of the ride. Riders face toward center of the boat and are usually secured by a lap belt. Some rafts feature a circular metal bar in the middle of the raft; this gives passengers a place to grip or brace their feet. Some parks include a space for stowing small items in the center. The floor of the raft body is generally above water level to allow drainage. Most parks require riders to be 36 inches or taller.Generally, the station starts at the highest point on the ride, with the river channel having a slight gradient to it for the remainder of the ride. A lift hill then brings the boats back up to station level at the end of the ride. This is usually also the point where the ride's main pumps are housed, bringing the water up from the low point and back up to the high point. The gradient on the river channel provides the water with its flow and pace. This also has the interesting side effect such that when the ride's pumps are switched off at the end of operation or in an emergency, the water naturally flows back to the end of the ride where it collects, leaving the majority of the ride's river channel empty and drained until the pumps are turned back on. All Intamin permanent (and most other) river rapids rides feature a connected lake of some sort at the end of the ride before the lift hill. This is sometimes used to store temporarily decommissioned boats. Its main purpose, however, is to help store the large amounts of water that collect at the end of the ride (before the lift hill) once the ride's main pumps are turned off. This is the water that would have been circulating around the ride when it is in operation. When observed, you can usually see the height difference in the water level in this lake from when the rides pumps are turned on, to when they are turned off. This effect is usually less noticeable if an already existing larger lake is used for the ride's water storage. Generally, a longer rapids ride will need a larger lake, as there will be more water to store once the ride's pumps have been turned off. Depending on the size and length of the river rapids ride, it can take up to 15 minutes to fill the ride's channel up from empty once the pumps have been switched on.

The flowing water makes its way over wooden logs or plastic tubes strapped to the base of the river channel, which disrupt the smooth flow of the water, thus providing the ride with its 'rapids'. Most river rapid rides also feature a wave section, where the river channel widens and a wave machine creates waves at a 90-degree angle to the flow of the water and the boats. Rocks are also sometimes bolted to the base of the river channel on metal frames, which helps create a more natural rapids feel.

There are generally two types of river rapids ride stations: those with conveyor belts and those with turntables. Those with conveyor belts are able to lift the raft completely out of the stream of water (usually as an extension of the lift hill at the end of the ride) and advance it to various points in the station to allow passengers to enter and exit via raised straight platforms on either side of the conveyors. Stations that utilize a turntable allow the raft to stay in the stream of water as the turntable continuously revolves, with the rafts wedged between the turntable and a curved surface so that the rafts move at the same speed as the turntable (and not at the same speed as the water). When they reach a certain point around the turntable, the rafts become un-wedged and are released in relatively even intervals to traverse the course.

Historically, axial flow submersible pumps have been the pump of choice for most rides of this type. The small lateral footprint and large vertical water pumping capacity make them perfect for this type of application, being large in vertical size, they fit right into the end of the ride where there is usually a sudden and large change in height from the end of the ride to the station. Some rides, due to their design, have multiple pump units at different locations along the ride. One example is the new Infinity Falls at SeaWorld Orlando. Occasionally, screw pumps have been used too. In the case of axial flow submersible pumps, rides are usually fitted with four; three being used at all times for the safe operation of the ride and a fourth on standby. The pumps are usually rotated in use to even out wear and tear.

Ride layout

After leaving the station, the raft will enter relatively calm waters. After travelling a safe distance (usually 5–15 metres), the raft will enter more turbulent waters. Usually rapids are made by the amusement park having large cylinder tubes underneath the water. The bigger the tube, the bigger the rapids. Along with the rapids, there are often waterfalls.

Finally, there may be pressurized water jets. An automated system may spray streams of water through a nozzle directed toward a passing raft, or on other rides, large amounts of water may shoot from a jet or cannon, often pointed upward so that the falling water will douse riders. Some parks (for instance, Busch Gardens Tampa Bay), have coin-operated water jets and cannons so that passersby can pay to attempt to soak riders.

Safety incidents

On 25 October 2016, a malfunction of the Thunder River Rapids Ride at Dreamworld on the Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia, resulted in the deaths of four people. Two were ejected from the ride and two were trapped in the conveyor belt under it.[1] [2] River rapids rides have also had accidents at a number of other theme parks.[3]

On 9 May 2017, an 11-year-old girl, Evha Jannath fell into the water on the Splash Canyon Ride at Drayton Manor Theme Park in Staffordshire, England at around 2:20pm. She was airlifted to Birmingham Children's Hospital but died later in the hospital due to the extent of her injuries. The park was closed from 10 to 12 May to allow the Health and Safety Executive (HSE) to complete their work. The park said this was a mark of respect for her family.

On July 3, 2021, a raft on Raging River at Adventureland in Altoona, Iowa, carrying six passengers overturned, sending four guests to a local hospital with severe injuries. One of the passengers, an 11-year-old boy, later died. The ride was inspected the day before the incident and was found to be in normal working order.[4]

Notable manufacturers

Installations

Name Park Location Manufacturer Opened Status
ACME Rápidos Spain 2002
Adventure Cove River Rapids United Kingdom 2021
1993-2017
Airship Surfing China 1997
Alpin-Rafting Germany 2006
Amazone Express South Korea
Apache Falls United Kingdom 2016
Aqua Ride Japan 1992
Arung Jeram Indonesia 1993
Atlantis Poland 2014
Beaver Rafting Denmark 1998
Bengal Rapid River Belgium 1988
Blizzard River United States 1999
Bobby Drop Belgium 1999
Calico River Rapids
Formerly Bigfoot Rapids
United States 1987
Canyon Raft Ride China
Canyon Rafting China 2020
Canyon River Rapids United States 1987
Çılgın Nehir Turkey 2013
Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs: River Expedition United Arab Emirates 2017
Colorad’Eau France 2003
United States 1981
Congo River Rapids United States 1982
United Kingdom 1986
Crazy River France 2008
Crazy River Madagascar Brazil
Crocodile Gorge South Africa 1998
Crocodile Rapids Italy 2005
Diablo Falls United States 2003
Dino Raft France 1989
Disaster Canyon United States 1995
Djengu River Netherlands 2013
Dòng sông thử thách Vietnam 2017
Donner Fluss Germany 1984
Dr. Geyser's Remarkable Raft Ride United States 1989
Dragon River Mitsui Greenland Japan 1997
El Rio Belgium 2000
El Rio Grande Netherlands 1994
Excalibur - Secrets of the Dark Forest
Formerly Mystery River
Die Unendliche Geschichte - Auf der Suche nach Phantasien
Germany 1996
Fårup Rafting Denmark 1998
Fjord Rafting Germany 1991
Fluch des Teutates Germany 2013
United States 1984
Grand Canyon Thailand 2002
Grand Canyon Rapids United States 1993
Grand Canyon Rapids Spain 1995
Grand Rapids United States 2006
Grizzly River Rampage United States 1982
United States 2001
United States 1989
United States 1996
Hidrolift Spain 2008
High-Speed-Rafting Germany 2003
Hunderfossen Rafting Norway 2000
Hurjakuru Finland 1998
Hydro Surge United States 1993
United States 2018
I segreti dell acqua Italy 2003
Jungle Adventure South Korea Intamin
Jungle Adventure Poland 2017
Jungle Rapids Italy 1999
Jungle Rapids China 2021
Singapore 2010
United States 1999
Kållerado Sweden 1997
Kaskade France 2015
Koskiseikkailu Finland 1999
Lost River of the Ozarks United States 1985
La Descente du Colorado France 1988
Le Raft France 2001
Le Rapidé
Also known as Drakkar
Italy 2011
Los Rápidos Spain Zamperla
Los Rápidos Spain 1996
Lost World Germany 2004
L'Oxygénarium France 1999
Mangiabiglie Italy 2009
Mountain Rafting Germany 1992
United States 2020
Nagashimasuka Japan 2008
Niagara France 2009
North Pole 1 Romania 2012
Périple d'Hanon Tunisia 2003
Netherlands 1983
Pixie River Italy 2011
Planet AQA Japan 1992
United States 1999
Radja River Belgium 1988
Radja River France 1989
Radja River France 1989
Rafting France 2009
Rafting Africano Portugal 2008
Rafting-Bahn Germany 2002
Raging Rapids United States 1985
Raging Rapids in Boulder Canyon United States 1990
Raging Rapids River Ride United States 1999
Raging River United States 1983
Raging River United States 1986
Raging River Rapids South Africa Intamin
Ragnarok Norway 2016
Rampaging Rapids United States 1985
Rapid River Chile WhiteWater West2003
Rapid River Portugal Preston & Barbieri2008
Rapid River Italy 2008
Rapid River Ride Egypt 1998
Rapide di Leonardo Italy 2009
Rapidos de Argos Spain 2000
Rápidos del Orinoco Spain 1997
Rapids Raft Ride South Korea
Rapids Raft Ride China 1998
Rattlesnake Rapids United States 1997
Rattlesnake River United States 1988
Renegade Rapids United States 1995
Renegade Rapids United States 1990
Rescate de Ulises Spain 2000
Rio Bravo France
Rio Bravo Brazil 1999
Rio Bravo Italy 1992
Rio Dorado Germany 2000
Rio Grande Germany 1997
Rio Grande Rafting Denmark 1997
Rio Grande Rapids Philippines 1996
Rio Loco United States 1993
Río Navajo Spain 2003
Río Rápido Mexico 1995
Río Rápido Mexico Hafema
Río Salvaje Mexico 1992
United States 1982
United States 1988
River Quest Germany 2002
River Raft China
River Rafting Ride United Arab Emirates 1998
River Splash Germany 2007
River Splash Ride China 2015
Rivière Sauvage France 1988
United States 1984
United States 1981
United States 1983
China 2016
Rocky Mountain Rapids United Kingdom 1989
United States 1988
France 1989
United Kingdom 1987
Saw Mill Splash United States 2002
United States 1999
Sky Rafting Germany 2010
United States 1986
Australia 1985
Splash Water Falls United States 2006
United Kingdom 2011
Sungai Kalimantan Netherlands 1997
Tasmanian River Rapids United States 2000
United States 1992
The Penguin's Blizzard River United States 2003
The Rapids China
Hong Kong
2011
United States 1986
United States 1995
Thunder Canyon United States 1993
United States 1987
Thunder Rapids United States 1997
United States 1980
United States 1982
United States 1983
Australia 1986
United Kingdom 2007
Vikings' River Splash Denmark2006
Waschzuber Rafting Germany 1996
Wildalpenbahn Austria 2007
Wild Raft Austria 2007
Wild River Canyon Taiwan 1998
Wild River Gorge Alabama Splash Adventure United States 1999
Wild River Rafting United Kingdom 2006
Wild River Rapids United Kingdom 2009
Wildwasser Rafting Germany 2007
Canada 1984
United States 1983
United States 1985
White Water Safari United States 1999
China 1998

External links

Notes and References

  1. News: Dreamworld: Four people killed on Thunder River Rapids ride at Gold Coast theme park. ABC News . Australian Broadcasting Corporation . 25 October 2016. 25 October 2016.
  2. News: Dreamworld deaths: Four fatalities in horror Thunder River Rapids accident. Brisbane Times. 25 October 2016. 25 October 2016.
  3. Web site: River Rapids Rides - Accident Reports . www.rideaccidents.com . 29 October 2016. (Up to 15 September 2003)
  4. News: Haworth . Jon . 1 dead, 3 injured after raft overturns on water ride at amusement park . July 5, 2021 . . July 5, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210705144354/https://abcnews.go.com/US/dead-injured-raft-overturns-water-ride-amusement-park/story?id=78669883 . July 5, 2021 . live.