River Towy Explained

River Towy
Map:River Tywi.png
Subdivision Type1:Country
Subdivision Type5:Cities
Subdivision Name5:Llandovery, Llandeilo, Carmarthen
Length:120km (80miles)
Discharge1 Avg:45m3/s
Source1 Location:Cambrian Mountains (SN802631)
Source1 Elevation:488m (1,601feet)
Mouth:Carmarthen Bay
Basin Size:515km2
Tributaries Left:Brân, Sawdde
Tributaries Right:Cothi, Gwili

The River Towy (Welsh: Afon Tywi, in Welsh pronounced as /ˈtəwɪ/; also known as the River Tywi)[1] is one of the longest rivers flowing entirely within Wales. Its total length is 120km (80miles). It is noted for its sea trout and salmon fishing.

Route

The Towy rises within 150NaN0 of the source of the River Teifi on the lower slopes of Crug Gynan in the Cambrian Mountains. Flowing through the steep hills of the Tywi Forest, it forms the boundary between Ceredigion and Powys. The river flows generally south-westwards through Carmarthenshire, passing through the towns of Llandovery and Llandeilo.

Its total length is 120km (80miles).[2] with numerous tributaries that include the Cothi, Gwili, Brân, and Doethie.[3]

In Carmarthen, it is joined by a substantial tributary, the River Gwili, at Abergwili. The estuary meets Carmarthen Bay east of the Pendine Sands along with the River Taf and both branches of the River Gwendraeth. The estuary was guarded by Llansteffan Castle, a 12th-century Norman castle.

Damming of the Towy

About 100NaN0 from its source, the swift flow of the Towy is interrupted by the Llyn Brianne reservoir, created in 1972 by damming a section of the river to store winter rain for release into the river during dry periods. The reservoir supports the new abstraction at Nantgaredig which supplies a large swathe of south-east Wales with drinking water. The flow in the River Towy would have been unable to sustain such an abstraction were it not for the release of water from the upland reservoir.

Ecology

Fish

The Towy is a national draw for big sea trout (local name sewin), the seagoing form of the brown trout, Salmo trutta. These fish enter the river each spring and early summer to breed in the tributaries. The river is thought to produce more double-figure (10 lbs plus, or about 5 kg or more) sea trout than any other in Britain. Anglers and estuary netsmen have taken these fish to over 20lb in weight. In summer and autumn there is also a substantial run of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). In May the Towy has a run of the rare and protected twaite shad and allis shad. The Towy also contains brown trout, eels, pike, and a variety of small fish species, and is home to brook lampreys, river lampreys and sea lampreys.

The Towy has the distinction of having accidentally produced by far the biggest fish ever taken on rod and line in fresh water in Britain. This was a sturgeon (Acipwienser sturio) weighing 388 lb (176 kg) and 9feet in length which was caught in the river near Nantgaredig by Alec Allen on 28 July 1932.The last sturgeon in UK waters was seen in the river in 1993. [4]

Mammals

The Towy has a thriving population of otters, as well as many commoner mammal species. Grey seals are common in the lower reaches and sometimes penetrate several miles up river in pursuit of sea trout and salmon.

Birds

The Towy and surrounding valley (Welsh: Dyffryn Tywi) are home to a very large variety of water and wetland birds. Among the more distinctive species found along the river are sand martins, common sandpipers, little ringed plovers, dippers, kingfishers and grey wagtails. Red kites and buzzards are numerous. Goosanders and cormorants prey on sea trout and salmon.

Plants

The prevalence of oxbow lakes in the Towy valley provides some spectacular shows through the year. In summer at Bishop's Pond in Abergwili (an oxbow lake formed when the river flooded in 1802) there is a spectacular show of yellow water lilies on the pond when the water level drops and reed sweet-grass fringes the edges – a species also found nearby in the Teifi valley further west in Pembrokeshire, in Gower, in Powys (especially along the Montgomery Canal), on Anglesey and in several sites along the North Wales coast.

Glanrhyd Bridge disaster

See main article: Glanrhyd Bridge collapse. On 19 October 1987, three days after the Great Storm of 1987, four people were killed when a train plunged off Glanrhyd Bridge near Llangadog into the flooded river.

Notes and references

Notes
  • References
  • External links

    Further reading

    Notes and References

    1. Web site: What to see on a trip along the River Tywi . 2024-01-20 . VisitWales . en.
    2. Davies, John; Jenkins, Nigel; Baines, Menna; & Lynch, Peredur I. (eds). "River Towy". Cardiff: University of Wales Press (2008). pg. 894; ISBN 978-0-7083-1953-6.
    3. "First Water Resources Survey : Report", South West Wales River Authority (1970), pg. 41; Table 1.
    4. https://www.wwf.org.uk/press-release/calls-save-sturgeon-living-fossil-fish-slip-towards-extinction#:~:text=In%20the%20UK%2C%20sturgeon%20were,routes%20contributed%20to%20their%20decline.