The first orders were placed by the Royal Navy in 1940, and the vessels were named for rivers in the United Kingdom, giving name to the class. In Canada, they were named for towns and cities, though they kept the same designation.[1] Originally called a "twin-screw corvette", the name "frigate" was suggested by Vice-Admiral Percy W. Nelles of the Royal Canadian Navy.[2] Canada originally ordered the construction of 33 frigates in October 1941.[1] [2] The design was too big for the locks on the Lachine Canal so it was not built by the shipyards on the Great Lakes and therefore all the frigates built in Canada were built in dockyards along the West Coast or along the St. Lawrence River below Montreal.[2] In all, Canada ordered the construction of 70 frigates, including ten for the Royal Navy, which transferred two (and) to the United States Navy.[1] Twelve were built in Australia for the RAN (four to a modified design).
After World War II, they found employment in many other navies the world over; several RCN ships were sunk as breakwaters. One,, was purchased by Aristotle Onassis and converted into the luxury yacht .
The River-class ships were designed by naval engineer William Reed, of Smith's Dock Company of South Bank-on-Tees, to have the endurance and anti-submarine capabilities of the sloops, while being quick and cheap to build in civil dockyards using the machinery (e.g. reciprocating steam engines instead of turbines) and construction techniques pioneered in the building of the s. Its purpose was to improve on the convoy escort classes in service with the Royal Navy, including the Flower class.
Improvements over the corvette design included markedly better accommodation. The twin engines gave only 3kn more speed but extended the range of the ship to nearly double that of a corvette to at .[2] Among other lessons applied to the design was armament better designed to combat U-boats, including a twin mount forward and 12-pounder [{{convert|76|mm|in}}] aft.[1] Fifteen Canadian frigates were initially fitted with one gun forward but with the exception of, they were all eventually upgraded to the twin mount.[2] For underwater targets, it was equipped with a Hedgehog anti-submarine mortar, depth charge rails and four side-mounted throwers aft for a 10-charge pattern (some had 8 throwers for a 14-charge pattern for a brief period until this was abandoned).[1]
River-class frigates were the first Royal Canadian Navy warships to carry the 147B Sword horizontal fan-beam active sonar transmitter, in addition to the regular ASDIC. This allowed the ship to maintain contact with targets even while firing, unless a target was struck. Better radar and radio direction-finding equipment improved the RCN's ability to find and track enemy submarines over previous classes.[1] The River-class design was used as the basis for the United States Navy (which served in the Royal Navy as the); the hull design was later elaborated into the and subsequently the .
See main article: List of River-class frigates. Two hundred and forty-three frigates were built in Britain, Canada and Australia for seven navies during World War II.
| Ship | Date | Fate | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 18 July 1944 | Presumed mined. Towed to port and declared a total loss. | ||
| 4 October 1944 | Torpedoed and badly damaged by U-1227 while escorting convoy ONS-33. Towed to port and declared a total loss. | ||
| 11 December 1943 | Torpedoed and badly damaged by off Algeria. Towed to port and declared a total loss. | ||
| 23 September 1943 | Torpedoed and sunk by at 53.4167°N -81°W. | ||
| 20 September 1943 | Torpedoed and badly damaged by . Towed to port and declared a total loss. | ||
| 14 October 1944 | Torpedoed and badly damaged by while escorting convoy ONS-33G. Towed to port and declared a total loss. | ||
| 15 June 1944 | Torpedoed and sunk by at 49.5833°N -35°W. | ||
| 29 March 1945 | Torpedoed and badly damaged by . Towed to port and declared a total loss. | ||
| 7 January 1944 | Torpedoed and sunk by at 48.3°N -40°W. | ||
| 7 May 1944 | Torpedoed and sunk by at 46.05°N -76°W. |
On display in Brisbane, Australia is, the last complete River-class frigate, preserved at the Queensland Maritime Museum.
served as a convoy escort during the Battle of the Atlantic and was present at the D-Day landings.[3] In 1947, Greek shipowner Aristotle Onassis purchased her for scrap value and converted her into a luxurious superyacht named Christina O, after his daughter. The vessel is now owned by John Paul Nicolaou, who lets the yacht for elite charters and cruises.
, formerly served as a convoy escort during World War II and later transferred to the Israeli Navy and then the Royal Ceylon Navy, which later became the Sri Lankan Navy. She was withdrawn from active duty in 1980 and is now used as a training ship by Sri Lanka.
, formerly, is preserved in Seikkyi, Myanmar.
"HMS Saltash" was a fictional River-class frigate in Nicholas Monsarrat's 1951 book The Cruel Sea. (In the 1953 Jack Hawkins film version she is called "HMS Saltash Castle", and was played by the corvette .)
played the fictional frigate "HMS Rockhampton" in the 1955 John Wayne film The Sea Chase. (She had just been recommissioned as a Prestonian class upgrade of the Canadian River-class frigate, after ten years in reserve.)
"HMS Nairn" was a fictional River-class frigate in Alistair MacLean's 1955 book HMS Ulysses.