Risto Näätänen Explained

Risto Näätänen
Birth Name:Risto Kalervo Näätänen
Birth Date:14 June 1939
Birth Place:Helsinki, Finland
Occupation:Scientist
Alma Mater:University of Helsinki
Awards:Finnish Science Award (1997)
Organization:Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
Finnish Academy of Science and Letters
Academia Europaea

Risto Kalervo Näätänen (14 June 1939 – 5 October 2023[1] [2]) was a Finnish psychological scientist, pioneer in the field of cognitive neuroscience, and known worldwide as one of the discoverers of the electrophysiological mismatch negativity. He was a much-cited social scientist and one of the few individuals appointed permanent Academy Professor of the Academy of Finland. He retired in 2007[3] and retained a title of Academy Professor emeritus of the Academy of Finland. He was a professor at the University of Tartu starting in 2007.

Biography

Education

Näätänen started to study psychology in the University of Helsinki in 1958, training in cognitive electrophysiology at the laboratory of Donald B. Lindsley at the University of California, Los Angeles (1965–1966). Under Lindsley's supervision, he defended his doctoral dissertation about brain mechanisms of selective attention [4] at the University of Helsinki in 1967.[5] [6] As early as that he started to influence the scientific world: in his thesis he refuted a then well-known experimental design and no works have ever been published using that design again.[7]

Career

In 1975, at an age of 36, having published 13 academic articles, he was appointed a Professor of General Psychology at the University of Helsinki. In practice, he was at that department until 1999, but officially on leave from 1983, being salaried as an Academy Professor of The Academy of Finland. He was founder of the Cognitive Brain Research Unit (CBRU) at the University of Helsinki – a unit of which he was director from 1991 to 2006.[8]

Näätänen retired in 2007, and a retirement symposium was held in his honor in 2008. He was a Professor of Cognitive Neuroscience at the University of Tartu, Estonia, Visiting Professor at the Centre of Functionally Integrative Neurosciences (CFIN) of the University of Århus, Denmark, retaining a tertiary affiliation at the University of Helsinki as of May 2014,[9] and held the title of an Academy Professor emeritus of the Academy of Finland after retirement.

Näätänen sat on editorial boards and reviewed for specialist journals (e.g., Brain Research, International Journal of Psychophysiology, Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, NeuroReport).[10] He published articles from collaborations with thousands of researchers. As of June 2014, according to Google Scholar no collaborators were listed as co-authors[11] and citations totalled 62182 (17578 since 2013) resulting in an h-index of 128 (64 since 2009),[11] being amongst the 0.5% most-cited scientists still alive, the most-cited scientist in Finnish and Estonian history.[12] [13] Noteworthy was that Teuvo Kohonen also vied for the title of most-cited Finnish scientist.

Death

Risto Näätänen died from COVID-19, in October 2023, at the age of 84.[14]

Legacy

His life work revolved around the mismatch negativity (MMN) first revealed in collaboration with Anthony W.K. Gaillard, and Sirkka Mäntysalo in reinterpretion of the prior findings of an early selective attention effect – discovered by Steven Hillyard[15] – as a consequence of experiments that were carried out in the Institute for Perception TNO, Soesterberg, Netherlands, in the summer of 1975, by Sirkka Mäntysalo.[16] MMN was established as a scalp-negative component of the event-related potential or ERPs, as derived from recordings made electroencephalographically via electrodes attached to the scalp. MMN was shown to be elicited by deviant stimuli interspersed amongst a series of standards.

MMN influenced theories of language perception, together with studies of cognitive development and musical intelligence. Risto Näätänen was most interested in the clinical scope: abnormalities of MMN have been associated with alcoholism, psychosis in schizophrenia, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and dyslexia. Facets of MMN associated with the prediction of waking in comatose individuals – as was hailed as a breakthrough[17] – yet MMN has remained a research tool and has not met criteria to determine clinical decisions about the continuation of life support.[18]

Risto Näätänen's major societal impact was to influence Finnish traffic politics, his studies of traffic behavior – conducted during the presidency of Kekkonen – leading to the establishment of speed limits on Finnish roads. Reaching the age of 74 in 2013,[19] he expressed hopes that MMN would be implemented in education.[20]

Publications

Books

Most influential articles

Awards and recognition

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: 2023-10-20 . IN MEMORIAM. Emeriitprofessor Risto Näätänen . 2024-01-08 . Tartu Ülikool . et.
  2. Alho . Kimmo . Escera. Carles. Kujala. Teij. Schröger. Erich. Tervaniemi. Mari. Winkler. Istvan. Yabe. Hirook. IN MEMORIAM: Risto Näätänen (1939–2023) . Psychophysiology . 2023 . e14504 . 10.1111/psyp.14504 . free . 38108528 .
  3. Web site: http://117.53.171.142/aspr2008/docs/ASPR2008_Registration_Brochure.pdf. https://web.archive.org/web/20120229035855/http://117.53.171.142/aspr2008/docs/ASPR2008_Registration_Brochure.pdf. 29 February 2012.
  4. Näätänen, R. (1967). Selective attention and evoked potentials. Annales Academiae Scientiarum Fennicae: Dissertationes Humanum Litterarum B, 151(1), 226.
  5. Web site: Speaker details. 2021-01-11. Icon 2014 .
  6. Web site: 19 February 2020. Risto Kalervo Näätänen.
  7. Ritter, W. (1996). For Distinguished Contributions to Psychophysology: Risto Näätänen. Psychophysiology, 33(5), 483–490.
  8. Web site: Psychology in University of Helsinki..
  9. 10.1007/s10548-014-0374-6 . Mismatch Negativity (MMN) as an Index of Cognitive Dysfunction . 2014 . Näätänen . Risto . s. Sussman . Elyse . Salisbury . Dean . l. Shafer . Valerie . Brain Topography . 27 . 4 . 451–466 . 24838819 . 4096841 .
  10. Web site: https://researchportal.helsinki.fi/en/persons/risto-naatanen(4fd7eec0-b80c-4896-acad-a4564912d25a)/activities.html . 27 August 2023 .
  11. Web site: Google Scholar profile: Risto Näätänen. Google Scholar .
  12. Web site: Olesk. Arko. 18 March 2012. Ajuautomaat leiab Alzheimeri varakult üles. Postimees .
  13. Web site: Kruuse. Kristiina. 23 July 2012. Eesti edetabelit juhib soomlane. Postimees .
  14. Web site: In memoriam Risto Kalervo Näätänen (1939–2023) . MTA . 20 October 2023 . 20 October 2023.
  15. Hillyard, S. A., Hink, R. F., Schwent, V. L., & Picton, T. W. (1973). Electrical signs of selective attention in the human brain. Science, 182(4108), 177-180.
  16. Näätänen, R., Gaillard, A. W., & Mäntysalo, S. (1978). Early selective-attention effect on evoked potential reinterpreted. Acta Psychologica, 42(4), 313-329.
  17. Web site: Objective evaluation of cognitive brain function and dysfunction. https://archive.today/20140804232530/http://cordis.europa.eu/projects/rcn/32514_en.html . 4 August 2014 . Cordis .
  18. 10.1007/s10548-013-0335-5 . MMN and Novelty P3 in Coma and Other Altered States of Consciousness: A Review . 2014 . Morlet . Dominique . Fischer . Catherine . Brain Topography . 27 . 4 . 467–479 . 24281786 . 5034015 .
  19. Web site: 2014-05-20. RISTO NÄÄTÄNEN 75!. 2021-01-11. www.psychology.ut.ee. en. 21 January 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210121115519/https://www.psychology.ut.ee/en/about-us/risto-naatanen-75. dead.
  20. Juhan Javoiš – Universaalne aju uurimise tööriist. Journal Eesti loodus, March 2013.

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