Richmond Hill, Queens Explained

Richmond Hill
Settlement Type:Neighborhood
Nickname:Little Guyana
Subdivision Type:Country
Subdivision Type1:State
Subdivision Type2:City
Subdivision Name2:New York City
Subdivision Type3:County/Borough
Subdivision Name3:Queens
Subdivision Type4:Community District
Subdivision Name4:Queens 9[1]
Established Title:Founded
Established Date:1868
Named For:Edward Richmond
Population Total:62,982
Population As Of:2010
Demographics Type1:Race/Ethnicity
Demographics1 Title1:Hispanic
Demographics1 Info1:36.0%
Demographics1 Title2:Asian
Demographics1 Info2:27.4
Demographics1 Title3:White
Demographics1 Info3:11.2
Demographics1 Title4:Black
Demographics1 Info4:11.1
Demographics1 Title5:Other
Demographics1 Info5:14.4
Demographics Type2:Economics
Demographics2 Title1:Median income
Timezone:EST
Utc Offset:−05:00
Timezone Dst:EDT
Utc Offset Dst:−04:00
Postal Code Type:ZIP Codes
Postal Code:11418, 11419
Area Code Type:Area codes
Area Code:718, 347, 929, and 917

Richmond Hill is a commercial and residential neighborhood located in the southeastern section of the New York City borough of Queens. The area borders Kew Gardens and Forest Park to the north, Jamaica and South Jamaica to the east, South Ozone Park to the south, and Woodhaven and Ozone Park to the west. The neighborhood is split between Queens Community Board 9 and 10.[2]

Richmond Hill is known as Little Guyana for its large Indo-Caribbean American (especially Indo-Guyanese and Indo-Trinidadian) population.[3] It is also called Little Punjab due to its large Punjabi American population.[4] [5] Richmond Hill is home to a density of Roman Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, Protestant, Sikh, Hindu, Jewish, and Muslim places of worship.

Main commercial streets in the neighborhood include Jamaica Avenue, Atlantic Avenue and Liberty Avenue. The portion of the neighborhood south of Atlantic Avenue is also known as South Richmond Hill. The Long Island Rail Road provides freight access via the Montauk Branch, which runs diagonally through the neighborhood from northwest to southeast. Many residents own homes, though some also rent within small apartment buildings.

Richmond Hill is located in Queens Community District 9 and its ZIP Codes are 11418 and 11419. It is patrolled by the New York City Police Department's 102nd Precinct. Politically, Richmond Hill is represented by the New York City Council's 28th, 30th, and 32nd Districts.[6]

Geography

Richmond Hill is located between Kew Gardens and Forest Park to the north, Jamaica and South Jamaica to the east, South Ozone Park to the south, and Woodhaven and Ozone Park to the west. Hillside Avenue forms its northern boundary with Kew Gardens east of Lefferts Boulevard, while Forest Park and the right-of-way of the Long Island Rail Road (LIRR)'s Montauk Branch form its northern edge west of Lefferts. Its western boundary north of Atlantic Avenue is formed by the LIRR's abandoned Rockaway Beach Branch; south of Atlantic, the western border lies between 104th and 107th Streets. The southern border extends to around 103rd Avenue or Liberty Avenue. The Van Wyck Expressway abuts the eastern end of the community.[7] The portion of the neighborhood south of Atlantic Avenue is also known as South Richmond Hill.

The area is well known for its large-frame single-family houses, many of which have been preserved since the turn of the 20th century. Many of the Queen Anne Victorian homes of old Richmond Hill still stand in the area today.

History

The hill referred to as Richmond Hill is a moraine created by debris and rocks collected while glaciers advanced down North America during the Wisconsin glaciation.[8] [9] Before European colonization the land was occupied by the Rockaway Native American group, for which the Rockaways were named.[10] [11] In 1660, the Welling family purchased land in what was then the western portion of the colonial town of Rustdorp. The land would become the Welling Farm, while Rustdorp would be renamed Jamaica under British rule in 1664.[12] The Battle of Long Island, one of the bloodiest battles of the Revolutionary War, was fought in 1776 along the ridge in present-day Forest Park, near what is now the golf course clubhouse. Protected by its thickly-wooded area, American riflemen used guerrilla warfare tactics to attack and defeat the advancing Hessians.[13] One of the sites that would make up modern Richmond Hill, Lefferts Farm, was said to be the site of a Revolutionary War battle. Clarenceville, a farming community, was established in January 1853 on the south side of Jamaica Avenue between 110th and 112th Streets on land purchased from the Welling estate.[14]

Richmond Hill's name was inspired either by a suburban town near London or by Edward Richmond, a landscape architect in the mid-19th century who designed much of the neighborhood.[15] In 1868, Albon Platt Man, a successful Manhattan lawyer, purchased the Lefferts, Welling, and Bergen farms along with other plots amounting to 400 acres of land, and hired Richmond to lay out the community. The tract extended as far north as White Pot Road (now Kew Gardens Road) near modern Queens Boulevard.[16] [17] [18] [19] The area reminded Man of the London suburb, where his family resided.[20] Man's sons would later found the nearby Kew Gardens neighborhood from the northern portion of the land.[21]

Streets, schools, a church, and a railroad were built in Richmond Hill over the next decade, thus making the area one of the earliest residential communities on Long Island. The streets were laid down to match the geography of the area. The development of area was facilitated by the opening of two railroad stations. These were the Clarenceville station on the Brooklyn and Jamaica Railroad, at Atlantic Avenue and Greenwood Avenue (now 111th Street); and the Richmond Hill station at Park Street (now Hillside Avenue) near Jamaica and Lefferts Avenues on the Montauk railroad line between Long Island City and eastern Long Island.[22] By 1872, a post office was established in the neighborhood,[23] [24] while the Clarenceville neighborhood was merged into Richmond Hill. Richmond Hill was incorporated as an independent village in 1894, by which time it had also absorbed the Morris Park neighborhood, which had been established in 1885.[25] In 1898, Richmond Hill and the rest of Queens county were consolidated into the City of Greater New York.

The New York City Subway's BMT Fulton Street Line was extended east along Liberty Avenue into the area on September 25, 1915, terminating at Lefferts Avenue (now Lefferts Boulevard). It is now the southern terminal of the .[26] The area received further development when the BMT Jamaica Line elevated, now served by the New York City Subway's, was extended east into the neighborhood at Greenwood Avenue (now 111th Street) on May 28, 1917.[27] As the neighborhood's population continued to grow into the 1920s, smaller closely spaced houses and apartment buildings began to replace large private houses.

Demographics

Based on data from the 2010 United States Census, the population of Richmond Hill was 62,982, a decrease of 3 (0.0%) from the 62,985 counted in 2000. Covering an area of, the neighborhood had a population density of 53.8PD/acre.[28]

The racial makeup of the neighborhood was 11.2% (7,078) White, 11.1% (6,960) African American, 1.0% (657) Native American, 27.4% (17,252) Asian, 0.2% (116) Pacific Islander, 6.6% (4,139) from other races, and 6.6% (4,136) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 36.0% (22,644) of the population.[29]

The entirety of Community Board 9, which comprises Kew Gardens, Richmond Hill, and Woodhaven, had 148,465 inhabitants as of NYC Health's 2018 Community Health Profile, with an average life expectancy of 84.3 years.[30] This is higher than the median life expectancy of 81.2 for all New York City neighborhoods.[31] [32] Most inhabitants are youth and middle-aged adults: 22% are between the ages of between 0–17, 30% between 25–44, and 27% between 45–64. The ratio of college-aged and elderly residents was lower, at 17% and 7% respectively.

As of 2017, the median household income in Community Board 9 was $69,916.[33] In 2018, an estimated 22% of Richmond Hill and Kew Gardens residents lived in poverty, compared to 19% in all of Queens and 20% in all of New York City. One in twelve residents (8%) were unemployed, compared to 8% in Queens and 9% in New York City. Rent burden, or the percentage of residents who have difficulty paying their rent, is 55% in Richmond Hill and Kew Gardens, higher than the boroughwide and citywide rates of 53% and 51% respectively. Based on this calculation,, Richmond Hill and Kew Gardens are considered to be high-income relative to the rest of the city and not gentrifying.

Demographic changes

Originally, many European (Italian, Dutch, English, Irish, Scots, Danish, and German) and Jewish families lived in Richmond Hill. In the 1970s, the neighborhood was predominantly Hispanic. Today, the south side of Richmond Hill consists mostly of South Asian Americans (Indians, Pakistanis, and Bangladeshis) and Indo-Caribbean Americans (Indo-Guyanese, Indo-Trinidadians, Indo-Surinamese, and Indo-Jamaicans), who have steadily emigrated to the United States since the 1960s.[34] A portion of Liberty Avenue has also been officially been renamed Little Guyana. Richmond Hill also has the largest Sikh population in the city, and 101st Avenue has evolved into "Little Punjab", or Punjab Avenue, has emerged in Richmond Hill, Queens.[35] [36]

Points of interest

The Triangle Hofbrau, opened as a hotel in 1893 and as a restaurant in 1893, was a restaurant which was frequented by such stars as Mae West in the 1920s and 1930s. It sat on the triangular piece of land bordered by Hillside Avenue, Jamaica Avenue, and Myrtle Avenue.[37] [38] The building has since been converted to medical offices.[39] Near the northwest corner of Hillside Avenue and Myrtle Avenue sat an old time ice cream parlor, Jahn's. It closed in late 2007. Between Myrtle Avenue and the Montauk Line railroad is a former movie theatre, RKO Keith's Richmond Hill Theater, opened in 1929, functioning since 1968 as a bingo hall.[40] [41] These and several other landmarks are located in the vicinity of the "Richmond Hill Triangle", bracketed by Jamaica Avenue, Myrtle Avenue, and 117th Street. This was historically the commercial center of Richmond Hill.[42] The intersection of Jamaica and Myrtle Avenues is also known as James J. Creegan Square.[43]

The northern edge of Richmond Hill contains the Church of the Resurrection. This Episcopalian church is an 1874 structure and is the oldest house of worship in Richmond Hill. It was placed in the National Register of Historic Places in 2003.[44] Also listed on the National Register of Historic Places are Public School 66 and Saint Benedict Joseph Labre Parish.

Police and crime

Kew Gardens, Richmond Hill, and Woodhaven are patrolled by the 102nd Precinct of the NYPD, located at 87-34 118th Street.[45] The 102nd Precinct ranked 22nd safest out of 69 patrol areas for per-capita crime in 2010.[46], with a non-fatal assault rate of 43 per 100,000 people, Richmond Hill and Kew Gardens's rate of violent crimes per capita is less than that of the city as a whole. The incarceration rate of 345 per 100,000 people is lower than that of the city as a whole.

The 102nd Precinct has a lower crime rate than in the 1990s, with crimes across all categories having decreased by 90.2% between 1990 and 2018. The precinct reported 2 murders, 24 rapes, 101 robberies, 184 felony assaults, 104 burglaries, 285 grand larcenies, and 99 grand larcenies auto in 2018.[47]

Fire safety

Richmond Hill contains three New York City Fire Department (FDNY) fire stations:

Health

, preterm births are more common in Richmond Hill and Kew Gardens than in other places citywide, though births to teenage mothers are less common. In Richmond Hill and Kew Gardens, there were 92 preterm births per 1,000 live births (compared to 87 per 1,000 citywide), and 15.7 births to teenage mothers per 1,000 live births (compared to 19.3 per 1,000 citywide). Richmond Hill and Kew Gardens have a higher than average population of residents who are uninsured. In 2018, this population of uninsured residents was estimated to be 14%, slightly higher than the citywide rate of 12%.

The concentration of fine particulate matter, the deadliest type of air pollutant, in Richmond Hill and Kew Gardens is 0.0073mg/m3, less than the city average. Eleven percent of Richmond Hill and Kew Gardens residents are smokers, which is lower than the city average of 14% of residents being smokers. In Richmond Hill and Kew Gardens, 23% of residents are obese, 14% are diabetic, and 22% have high blood pressure—compared to the citywide averages of 22%, 8%, and 23% respectively. In addition, 22% of children are obese, compared to the citywide average of 20%.

Eighty-six percent of residents eat some fruits and vegetables every day, which is about the same as the city's average of 87%. In 2018, 78% of residents described their health as "good", "very good", or "excellent", equal to the city's average of 78%. For every supermarket in Richmond Hill and Kew Gardens, there are 11 bodegas.

The nearest major hospitals are Long Island Jewish Forest Hills and Jamaica Hospital.[51]

Post offices and ZIP Codes

Richmond Hill is covered by the ZIP Code 11418 as well as parts of 11416, 11419, and 11421.[52] The United States Post Office operates two post offices nearby:

Parks and recreation

Education

Richmond Hill and Kew Gardens generally have a lower rate of college-educated residents than the rest of the city . While 34% of residents age 25 and older have a college education or higher, 22% have less than a high school education and 43% are high school graduates or have some college education. By contrast, 39% of Queens residents and 43% of city residents have a college education or higher. The percentage of Richmond Hill and Kew Gardens students excelling in math rose from 34% in 2000 to 61% in 2011, and reading achievement rose from 39% to 48% during the same time period.[60]

Richmond Hill and Kew Gardens's rate of elementary school student absenteeism is less than the rest of New York City. In Richmond Hill and Kew Gardens, 17% of elementary school students missed twenty or more days per school year, lower than the citywide average of 20%. Additionally, 79% of high school students in Richmond Hill and Kew Gardens graduate on time, more than the citywide average of 75%.

Schools

Public schools

Public schools in Richmond Hill are operated by the New York City Department of Education.

All of the following public elementary schools serve grades PK-5 unless otherwise noted.

Residents are zoned to MS 72 and MS 217 in Briarwood, and MS 137 in Ozone Park. Students also attend other middle schools and high schools in the city.

Richmond Hill High School is located in the neighborhood. Until June 2012, the city had planned to close the high school. The city had slated the school to close; however, a court ruling prevented the school's closure.[70] [71] Richmond Hill High School is the zoned school for Richmond Hill Residents, while some living towards the east of Richmond Hill has Hillcrest High School as their zoned school.

Private schools

Private schools include:

Libraries

The Queens Public Library operates two branches in Richmond Hill:

Transportation

Richmond Hill is served by several New York City Subway stations. The stops at 121st Street and Jamaica Avenue, and the stops at 111th Street and Jamaica Avenue. The Jamaica–Van Wyck station on the, and the 111th Street and Ozone Park–Lefferts Boulevard stations on the, are also located in Richmond Hill.

There was a Long Island Rail Road station named Richmond Hill on Hillside Avenue and Babbage Street along the Montauk Branch. However, this station was closed in 1998 due to low ridership (this station had just one daily rider at the time of its closure).[74] The station and platform remain, though access via the staircase at Jamaica Avenue is gated off.[75] Today the Kew Gardens and Jamaica stations serve the area.

The area is also served by MTA Regional Bus Operations routes. These include the local buses, as well as the QM18 express bus to Manhattan.

Notable residents

External links

Official government websites:

Historical societies:

Notes and References

  1. Web site: NYC Planning Community Profiles. communityprofiles.planning.nyc.gov. New York City Department of City Planning. April 7, 2018.
  2. https://www.nyc.gov/site/cau/community-boards/queens-boards.page Queens Boards
  3. Haller, Vera. "Indo-Caribbean Content, Victorian Style", The New York Times, January 11, 2013. Accessed April 3, 2022. "Richmond Hill, in southeastern Queens, is the ultimate study in New York diversity. It is a place to eat Caribbean cuisine, shop for Bollywood movies, worship at a Sikh temple and stroll through streets lined with Victorian-era houses, a slice of pure Americana. Extending down the south slope of Forest Park, the neighborhood evolves from the quiet streets just off the park, where the old wood-framed homes are found, to vibrant “Little Guyana” along Liberty Avenue, its southern border with South Ozone Park."
  4. https://www.cbsnews.com/newyork/news/richmond-hill-street-co-named-punjab-avenue-to-honor-neighborhoods-south-asian-culture/ "Richmond Hill Street Co-Named 'Punjab Avenue' To Honor Neighborhood's South Asian Culture"
  5. Web site: Service . Tribune News . 'Little Punjab' in US . Tribuneindia News Service . en.
  6. http://www.nyc.gov/html/dc/downloads/pdf/queens.pdf Current City Council Districts for Queens County
  7. See:
  8. News: Phil "Scooter" Rizzuto Park; Smokey Oval: History. August 23, 2016. New York City Department of Parks and Recreation.
  9. News: Forest Park: History. New York City Department of Parks and Recreation.
  10. News: Bode. Nicole. RICHMOND HILL'S DIVERSE FACE Pride in multiculturalism. August 21, 2016. New York Daily News. August 25, 2002.
  11. See:
  12. News: DANIEL AND ABBIE B. ELDRIDGE HOUSE. August 23, 2016. New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission.
  13. See:
  14. Book: Kenneth T. Jackson. Lisa Keller. Nancy Flood. The Encyclopedia of New York City: Second Edition. December 1, 2010. Yale University Press. 978-0-300-18257-6. 5716.
  15. News: Boone. Ruschell. Names of Richmond Hill, Kew Gardens Have Roots in England. August 21, 2016. NY1. May 7, 2015.
  16. News: Orman. John. Historical Notes on Richmond Hill. August 21, 2016. Leader-Observer. Fultonhistory.com. October 27, 1972.
  17. Book: Carl Ballenas. Jamaica. August 21, 2016. 2011. Arcadia Publishing. 978-0-7385-7426-4. 102, 105.
  18. Web site: The Richmond Hill Chapter of The Queens Historical Society. Victorian Richmond Hill. December 16, 2014.
  19. News: Shaman. Diana. What Is Hard Porn Doing In a Nice Place Like This?. August 23, 2016. The New York Times. April 3, 1977.
  20. Book: Carl Ballenas with the Aquinas Honor Society of the Immaculate Conception School. Images of America: Kew Gardens. August 23, 2016. February 24, 2014. Arcadia Publishing. 978-1-4671-2072-2.
  21. Book: Images of America: Richmond Hill. Carl Ballenas. Nancy Cataldi. Arcadia Publishing. 2002. 978-0-7385-1031-6. August 21, 2016.
  22. Book: David D. Morrison. Valerie Pakaluk. Long Island Rail Road Stations. 2003. Arcadia Publishing. 978-0-7385-1180-1. 40–41.
  23. News: Richmond Hill To Celebrate 105th Anniversary. August 21, 2016. Leader-Observer. Fultonhistory.com. October 20, 1977. 1.
  24. News: Marzlock. Ron. Richmond Hill's many post offices. August 21, 2016. Queens Chronicle. February 27, 2014.
  25. Web site: RICHMOND HILL REPUBLICAN CLUB. nyc.gov. New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission. August 21, 2016. December 17, 2002. https://web.archive.org/web/20160303205438/http://www.nyc.gov/html/lpc/downloads/pdf/reports/rhill.pdf. March 3, 2016. dead.
  26. News: New Elevated Line Opened for Queens . The New York Times . September 26, 1915 . September 28, 2007 .
  28. http://www1.nyc.gov/assets/planning/download/pdf/data-maps/nyc-population/census2010/t_pl_p5_nta.pdf Table PL-P5 NTA: Total Population and Persons Per Acre - New York City Neighborhood Tabulation Areas*, 2010
  29. http://www1.nyc.gov/assets/planning/download/pdf/data-maps/nyc-population/census2010/t_pl_p3a_nta.pdf Table PL-P3A NTA: Total Population by Mutually Exclusive Race and Hispanic Origin - New York City Neighborhood Tabulation Areas*, 2010
  30. Web site: Kew Gardens and Woodhaven (Including Kew Gardens, Ozone Park, Richmond Hill and Woodhaven). 2018. nyc.gov. NYC Health. March 2, 2019.
  31. Web site: 2016-2018 Community Health Assessment and Community Health Improvement Plan: Take Care New York 2020. 2016. nyc.gov. New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene. September 8, 2017.
  32. Web site: New Yorkers are living longer, happier and healthier lives . New York Post . Short . Aaron . June 4, 2017 . March 1, 2019.
  33. Web site: NYC-Queens Community District 9--Richmond Hill & Woodhaven PUMA, NY. Census Reporter. July 17, 2018.
  34. Web site: New York City's Newest Immigrant Enclaves;Take the A Train to Little Guyana; Sri Lankans have gathered on Staten Island, Arabs in Brooklyn, Ghanaians in the Bronx: A guide to the new immigrant enclaves of New York City.. The New York Times. Semple. Kirk. June 8, 2013.
  35. News: Mokha. Kavita. New Immigrants Put Stamp on Richmond Hill. August 21, 2016. Wall Street Journal. August 20, 2010.
  36. Web site: South Richmond Hill Neighborhood Profile (2011). Queens Economic Development Corporation. 2011. January 11, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150722225725/http://www.queensny.org/qedc/neighborhoods/economy/reports_profiles/Richmond_Hill_Neighborhood_Profile_ed.pdf. July 22, 2015. dead.
  37. News: MYRTLE AVENUE Part 4, Glendale, Forest Park, Richmond Hill. Walsh. Kevin. March 7, 2010. Forgotten New York. August 21, 2016.
  38. Web site: Photos of the Triangle Hofbrau- Richmond Hill Historical Society. Doyle. Dennis. www.richmondhillhistory.org. January 7, 2018.
  39. News: Owner Of Old Movie Theater In Richmond Hill Fixes Marquee. Marin. Matthew. July 5, 2001. Queens Chronicle. August 21, 2016.
  40. News: Change And Constancy At The Heart Of Richmond Hill. Gross. Jane. April 6, 1985. The New York Times. August 21, 2016.
  41. Web site: RKO Keith's Richmond Hill in Richmond Hill, NY - Cinema Treasures. cinematreasures.org. January 7, 2018.
  42. News: Richmond Hill LIRR site to get $75,000 overhaul. Davidson. Alex. January 16, 2003. Times Ledger. August 21, 2016.
  43. Web site: James J. Creegan Square, Queens. 1989. La Guardia and Wagner Archives. The City of New York. August 21, 2016.
  44. Richmond Hill Historical Society, "About the Church of the Resurrection: First Church erected in Richmond Hill." http://www.richmondhillhistory.org/Resurrection.shtml
  45. Web site: NYPD – 102nd Precinct. www.nyc.gov. New York City Police Department. October 3, 2016.
  46. Web site: Woodhaven, Richmond Hills, and Kew Gardens – DNAinfo.com Crime and Safety Report. www.dnainfo.com. October 6, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20170415053452/https://www.dnainfo.com/new-york/crime-safety-report/queens/woodhaven. April 15, 2017. dead.
  47. Web site: 102nd Precinct CompStat Report. www.nyc.gov. New York City Police Department. July 22, 2018.
  48. Web site: Engine Company 285/Ladder Company 142 . FDNYtrucks.com . March 7, 2019.
  49. Web site: Engine Company 294/Ladder Company 143 . FDNYtrucks.com . March 7, 2019.
  50. Web site: Squad 270/Division 13 . FDNYtrucks.com . March 7, 2019.
  51. Web site: Finkel . Beth . Guide To Queens Hospitals . Queens Tribune . February 27, 2014 . March 7, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170204185507/http://queenstribune.com/guide-to-queens-hospitals/ . February 4, 2017 . dead .
  52. Web site: Woodhaven-Richmond Hill, New York City-Queens, New York Zip Code Boundary Map (NY) . United States Zip Code Boundary Map (USA) . March 11, 2019.
  53. Web site: Location Details: South Richmond Hill . USPS.com . March 7, 2019.
  54. Web site: Location Details: Richmond Hill . USPS.com . March 7, 2019.
  55. Web site: Jacob Riis Triangle Highlights - Jacob Riis Triangle : NYC Parks . New York City Department of Parks & Recreation . June 26, 1939 . February 15, 2020.
  56. Web site: Lt. Frank McConnell Park Highlights : NYC Parks . New York City Department of Parks & Recreation . June 26, 1939 . February 15, 2020.
  57. Web site: Morris Park, Queens . Forgotten-NY . August 2, 2020 . 3 August 2020.
  58. Web site: Phil "Scooter" Rizzuto Park Highlights : NYC Parks . New York City Department of Parks & Recreation . June 26, 1939 . February 15, 2020.
  59. See:
  60. Web site: Kew Gardens / Woodhaven – QN 09. 2011. Furman Center for Real Estate and Urban Policy. October 5, 2016.
  61. Web site: P.S. 051 . New York City Department of Education . February 15, 2020.
  62. Web site: P.S. 054 Hillside . New York City Department of Education . February 15, 2020.
  63. Web site: P.S. 055 Maure . New York City Department of Education . February 15, 2020.
  64. Web site: P.S. 056 Harry Eichler . New York City Department of Education . February 15, 2020.
  65. Web site: P. S. 62 Chester Park School . New York City Department of Education . February 15, 2020.
  66. Web site: P.S. 066 Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis . New York City Department of Education . February 15, 2020.
  67. News: Gustafson. Anna. Celebrating a school steeped in rich history: PS 66 in Richmond Hill is Queens' first school to be landmarked by city. August 24, 2016. Queens Chronicle. June 23, 2011.
  68. Web site: P.S. 090 Horace Mann . New York City Department of Education . February 15, 2020.
  69. Web site: P.S. 161 Arthur Ashe School . New York City Department of Education . February 15, 2020.
  70. Web site: DOE will not close six Queens schools. May 19, 2011 . January 7, 2018.
  71. News: Monahan . Rachel . May 9, 2012 . New names selected for schools expected to close, reopen in the fall . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20120513121219/http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/education/names-selected-schools-expected-close-reopen-fall-article-1.1075322 . May 13, 2012 . New York Daily News.
  72. Web site: Branch Detailed Info: Richmond Hill . Queens Public Library . March 7, 2019.
  73. Web site: Branch Detailed Info: Lefferts . Queens Public Library . March 7, 2019.
  74. News: Sengupta . Somini . End of the Line for L.I.R.R.'s 10 Loneliest Stops . The New York Times . March 15, 1998 . August 7, 2009.
  75. News: Simon. David. Rundown Rich. Hill LIRR Station To Receive $75,000 Overhaul. August 21, 2016. Queens Chronicle. January 30, 2003.
  76. https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/term/BIOG143495 Robert Angeloch
  77. http://www.richmondhillhistory.org/aebarr2.html More About Amelia Edith Barr
  78. Leonard, Devin. "Gary Barnett, Controversial Master of New York City Luxury Real Estate; Gary Barnett is pretty down to earth for a guy whose new tower is 90 stories tall, warehouses money for oligarchs, and blots out the sun", Bloomberg.com, October 2, 2014. Accessed August 21, 2016. "Barnett lives in a two-story house in middle-class Richmond Hill, Queens, with his second wife, Ayala, who together have 10 children."
  79. Ryan, Harriet; and Christensen, Kim. "Couple's success spreading kabbalah yields to discord, tax probe, Los Angeles Times, October 16, 2011. Accessed December 16, 2020. "The Bergs settled in Richmond Hill, a middle-class Queens neighborhood.... The house doubled as the American headquarters of what would soon be known as the Kabbalah Centre. The basement served as a dining hall and the living room as a synagogue."
  80. https://sabr.org/bioproj/person/sal-butera/ Sal Butera
  81. http://www.richmondhillhistory.org/JackCassidy.html About Jack Cassidy - Actor
  82. Gardner, Jared. "Becoming Percy Crosby", The Comics Journal, October 3, 2012. Accessed August 21, 2016. "Given the tumultuous adulthood Percy Crosby would experience, it is not surprising that he would hang onto a romantic memory of his formative years in Richmond Hill. However, Richmond Hill was never quite the sleepy small town that would serve as the hazy, lazy background to Crosby's most famous and enduring creation, Skippy."
  83. Dollar, Steve. "A Life on the Edges of Fame; In a new documentary ‘Danny Says,’ a behind-the-scenes player talks sex, drugs and the punk era", The Wall Street Journal, September 28, 2016. Accessed August 28, 2016. "The Richmond Hill, Queens, native relates his colorful history, intimately aligned with the eruption of the 1960s counterculture and 1970s punk rock, in Danny Says, a new documentary that revels in sex, drugs, rock 'n' roll and its subject's self-deprecating humor."
  84. [Bernard Holland|Holland, Bernard]
  85. http://newyork.cbslocal.com/2016/12/30/50-people-grebe/ "50 People To Know: Radio Pioneer Alfred H. Grebe"
  86. [Robert McG. Thomas Jr.|Thomas Jr., Robert McG.]
  87. [Lawrence Van Gelder|Van Gelder, Lawrence]
  88. Warekar, Tanay. "NYC Pride: 25 historic LGBTQ sites to visit; Check out these must-see LGBTQ landmarks in New York City during Pride Month", Curbed NY, June 29, 2018. accessed August 22, 2018. "One of the pioneers of the gay rights movement in the United States, Frank Kameny grew up in this house in Richmond, Queens, and attended the Richmond Hill High School, where he graduated from in 1941."
  89. Web site: The Richmond Hill Historical Society. Dennis. Doyle. www.richmondhillhistory.org. January 7, 2018.
  90. Saxon, Wolfgang. "Wilbur Knorr, 51, Mathematics Historian", The New York Times, March 31, 1997. Accessed October 25, 2017. "Dr. Knorr, a native of Richmond Hill, Queens, graduated summa cum laude from Harvard University, where he received a master's degree in 1968 and a doctorate in 1973."
  91. http://www.anb.org/articles/18/18-03800.html "Lord, Jack"
  92. Martin, Douglas. "Jack Maple, 48, a Designer of City Crime Control Strategies", The New York Times, August 6, 2001. Accessed October 25, 2017. "John Edward Maple was born Sept. 23, 1952, and grew up in the Richmond Hill section of Queens."
  93. [Rosemary Dinnage|Dinnage, Rosemary]
  94. News: Associated Press. Queens park renamed for Phil Rizzuto. August 23, 2016. New York Daily News. June 27, 2008.
  95. News: Sullivan. John. Sikhs Back Renaming of a Queens Park for Rizzuto. August 23, 2016. The New York Times. October 1, 2007.
  96. News: Fraser. Lisa. City Living: Richmond Hill has gorgeous homes and lots of culture. August 23, 2016. Newsday. January 1, 2014.
  97. Coffey, Wayne. "For nearly 60 years Bob Sheppard has set tone of Yankee Stadium", New York Daily News, September 20, 2008. Accessed June 15, 2016. "The son of a New York City building inspector, Sheppard was born in Ridgewood, Queens before the family moved to Richmond Hill."
  98. [Kenny Rice|Rice, Kenny]

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