Richard Williamson (bishop) explained

Type:Bishop
Honorific-Prefix:His Excellency, The Most Reverend
Richard Williamson
Auxiliary Bishop Emeritus of Society of Saint Pius X
Church:Catholic Church
Ordination:29 June 1976
Ordained By:Marcel Lefebvre
Consecration:30 June 1988
Consecrated By:Marcel Lefebvre
Birth Name:Richard Nelson Williamson
Birth Date:8 March 1940
Birth Place:London, England
Religion:Traditionalist Catholic, Catholic
Alma Mater:Winchester College,
University of Cambridge,
International Seminary of Saint Pius X[1]
Motto:Fidelis inveniatur[2]

Richard Nelson Williamson (8 March 1940 – 29 January 2025) was an English traditionalist Catholic bishop and Holocaust denier who opposed the changes in the church brought about by the Second Vatican Council.[3]

In 1988, Williamson was one of four Society of Saint Pius X (SSPX) priests illicitly consecrated as bishops by Archbishop Marcel Lefebvre, for which Pope John Paul II declared he had incurred ipso facto automatic excommunication. The validity of the excommunication has always been denied by the SSPX, who, citing canon law, argue that the consecrations were permissible due to a crisis in the Catholic Church. The excommunications, including that of Williamson, were lifted on 21 January 2009 but the suspension of the bishops from ministry within the Catholic Church remained in force.

Immediately afterward, Swedish television broadcast an interview recorded earlier at the SSPX's seminary in Zaitzkofen, Bavaria. During the interview, Williamson expressed his belief that no more than 200,000 to 300,000 Jews were killed during the Holocaust and that Nazi Germany did not use gas chambers. Based upon these statements, he was charged with and convicted of Holocaust denial by the district court of Regensburg, Germany. The Holy See declared that Pope Benedict had been unaware of Williamson's views when he lifted the excommunication of the four bishops. He said that Williamson would remain suspended from his episcopal functions until he unequivocally and publicly distanced himself from that stated position on the Holocaust. In 2010, Williamson was convicted of incitement in a German court in relation to those views; the conviction was later vacated on appeal. He was convicted again on this charge in a retrial in early 2013. Williamson appealed again, but his appeal was rejected.

After a number of incidents, including calling for the resignation of Bernard Fellay as the Superior General of the Society of St. Pius X, refusal to stop publishing his weekly email and an unauthorised visitation to Brazil, Williamson was expelled from the Society in 2012. After leaving the Society, Williamson consecrated Jean-Michel Faure, Tomás de Aquino Ferreira da Costa, and as bishops in 2015, 2016, and 2017. Because of these consecrations, he was excommunicated latae sententiae from the Catholic Church again in 2015.[4]

Early life and ordination

Williamson was born on 8 March 1940 in London, England.[5] [6] [7] Williamson attended Winchester College before going on to study at Clare College, Cambridge, where he received a degree in English literature.[8] Upon graduating, he served in Africa as a missionary for a brief period.[9]

Williamson, originally an Anglican, converted to the Catholic Church in 1971.[10] After a few months as a postulant with the Oratorians of Brompton Oratory, he left.[11] He became a member of the Society of Saint Pius X, a traditionalist Catholic faction founded in 1970 by Archbishop Marcel Lefebvre in protest against what Lefebvre saw as the liberalism of the Second Vatican Council. In common with other traditionalists, Williamson opposed the changes in the Catholic Church following the Second Vatican Council. He saw the changes as being unacceptably liberal and modernistic, and as being destructive to the Church.[12] [13] [14] Among the changes he opposed were the Church's increased openness to other Christian denominations and other religions,[15] and changes in the forms of Catholic worship such as the general replacement of the Tridentine Mass with the Mass of Paul VI.[16] Williamson criticised Pope John Paul II, to whom he attributed a "weak grasp of Catholicism".[17] Williamson held that the SSPX was not schismatic, but rather was composed of true Catholics who were keeping the "complete Roman Catholic apostolic faith".[18]

Williamson entered the International Seminary of Saint Pius X at Écône, Switzerland, and in 1976 he was ordained a priest by Lefebvre. Williamson subsequently moved to the United States, where he was the rector of St. Thomas Aquinas Seminary in Ridgefield, Connecticut from 1983, and continued in the position when the seminary moved to Winona, Minnesota in 1988, serving until 2003.[19]

Consecration and excommunication

See main article: Écône consecrations. In June 1988, Archbishop Marcel Lefebvre announced his intention to consecrate Williamson and three other priests (Bernard Fellay, Bernard Tissier de Mallerais, and Alfonso de Galarreta) as bishops.[20] On 17 June 1988 Cardinal Bernardin Gantin, prefect of the Congregation for Bishops sent the four priests a formal canonical warning that they would automatically incur the penalty of excommunication if they were to be consecrated by Lefebvre without the date of papal permission. Williamson and the three other priests were nonetheless consecrated bishop on June 30 1988 by Archbishop Lefebvre and Antônio de Castro Mayer. The next day, Cardinal Bernardin Gantin issued a declaration stating that Lefebvre, de Castro Mayer, Williamson, and the three other newly ordained bishops "have incurred ipso facto the excommunication latae sententiae reserved to the Apostolic See". On 2 July 1988, Pope John Paul II issued the motu proprio Ecclesia Dei, in which he reaffirmed the excommunication and described the consecration as an act of "disobedience to the Roman pontiff in a very grave matter and of supreme importance for the unity of the Church", and that "such disobedience – which implies in practice the rejection of the Roman primacy — constitutes a schismatic act".[21] [22]

Bishop with controversial views

After his episcopal consecration, Williamson remained rector of St. Thomas Aquinas Seminary in Winona, Minnesota. He performed various episcopal functions, including confirmations and ordinations. In 1991, he assisted in the consecration of Licínio Rangel as bishop for the Priestly Society of St. John Mary Vianney after the death of its founder, Antônio de Castro Mayer. In 2003, Williamson was appointed rector of the Seminary of Our Lady Co-Redemptrix in La Reja, Argentina and according to the Guardian became a cult figure amongst the far-right seminarians. [23] . In 2006, he ordained two priests and seven deacons in Warsaw, Poland for the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Priestly Society of Saint Josaphat .[24] Williamson was viewed as being located towards the hardline end of the traditionalist spectrum, though he did not go quite so far as to espouse sedevacantism.[25] [26] [27]

Williamson held strong views regarding gender roles. He opposed women wearing trousers or shorts,[28] [29] attending college or university, or having careers.[30] [31] He urged greater "manliness" in men.[32] He denounced the film The Sound of Music as "soul-rotting slush" and said that, by putting "friendliness and fun in the place of authority and rules, it invites disorder between parents and children."[33] [34] He was dismissive of Mother Teresa because of her supposedly 'liberal' views.[35]

Williamson supported conspiracy theories regarding the assassination of John F. Kennedy, and the World Trade Center controlled demolition conspiracy theory, denying that the September 11 attacks were foreign terrorist attacks and claiming they were instead staged by the U.S. government.[36] He also said that the 7 July 2005 London bombings were an "inside job" and propagated rumours about the likelihood of a nuclear attack on the London Olympics in 2012.[37]

Williamson expressed antisemitic views.[38] [39] He called Jews the "enemies of Christ" and urged their conversion to Catholicism.[40] [41] [42] He said that Jews and Freemasons contributed to the "changes and corruption" in the Catholic Church.[43] [44] He stated that Jews aim at world dominion[45] and believed The Protocols of the Elders of Zion to be authentic. Williamson denied that he was promoting hatred,[46] identifying the contemporary enemies of the faith as "Jews, Communists and Freemasons". He argued that "Anti-Semitism means many things today, for instance, when one criticizes the Israeli actions in the Gaza Strip. The Church has always understood the definition of anti-Semitism to be the rejection of Jews because of their Jewish roots. This is condemned by the Church."[47]

Since the late 1980s, Williamson was accused of Holocaust denial.[48] [49] [50] [51] [52] Citing the pseudoscientific Leuchter report, Williamson denied that millions of Jews were murdered in Nazi concentration camps and the existence of Nazi gas chambers[53] [54] and praised Holocaust denier Ernst Zündel. During an interview on Swedish television recorded in Germany in November 2008, he stated: "I believe that the historical evidence is strongly against, is hugely against six million Jews having been deliberately gassed in gas chambers as a deliberate policy of Adolf Hitler", and "I think that 200,000 to 300,000 Jews perished in Nazi concentration camps, but none of them in gas chambers."

Controversy over lifting of excommunication

During the early 2000s, SSPX and the Church leadership in Rome sought to heal the rift between them. Williamson opposed compromise,[55] [56] accusing the Vatican of deceit and of being under "the power of Satan". He was reported as viewing reconciliation between the SSPX and the Holy See as being impossible, and that some SSPX members might refuse to follow the Society in such a direction even if an agreement were reached.[57]

Pope Benedict XVI lifted the excommunications of the four bishops Marcel Lefebvre had consecrated, as they had requested.[58] The decree was signed on 21 January 2009, the same day that Williamson's interview denying the Holocaust was broadcast on Swedish television.[59] The decision stirred widespread outrage, particularly in Germany, where the interview was conducted and where Holocaust denial is illegal and punishable by imprisonment of up to five years.[60] Reaction from the State of Israel and much of the worldwide Jewish community was strongly negative, and Abraham Foxman, president of the Anti-Defamation League, wrote to Cardinal Walter Kasper in order to express his opposition to any ecclesiastic re-integration of Williamson.[61] The Chief Rabbinate of Israel suspended contacts with the Vatican. The Chief Rabbi of Haifa told The Jerusalem Post that he expected Williamson to retract publicly his statements before any dialogue could resume.[62]

Pope Benedict XVI responded by stating he deplored all forms of antisemitism and that all Catholics must do the same.[63] The Pope expressed his "unquestionable solidarity" with the Jewish people, and stated his hope that "the memory of the Shoah will induce humanity to reflect on the unpredictable power of hate when it conquers the heart of man",[64] and condemned the denial of the Holocaust.[65] [66] Vatican officials stated that they had not been aware of Williamson's views prior to the lifting of the excommunication;[67] [68] [69] as a result, in a July 2009 Vatican reorganisation, the Pope tightened control and supervision over reconciliation efforts with SSPX.[70] The Vatican declared that "in order to be admitted to episcopal functions within the Church, (Williamson) will have to take his distance, in an absolutely unequivocal and public fashion, from his position on the Shoah, which the Holy Father (i.e., the Pope) was not aware of when the excommunication was lifted.".[71] [72]

Williamson sent the Pope a letter expressing his regret about the problems that he had caused, but did not retract his statements.[73] [74] On 4 February 2009 the Vatican Secretariat of State issued a note stating that Williamson would have to distance himself unequivocally and publicly from the opinions that he had expressed before he would be permitted to act as a bishop within the Church.[75] [76] Williamson responded that he would do so only after looking at the historical evidence for himself. On 26 February, he formally apologised for the offence that had been caused by his comments, but did not indicate that he had changed his views.[77] The Vatican rejected his apology, stating that he needed to "unequivocally and publicly" withdraw his comments. Jewish groups expressed disappointment at the ambiguity of his apology, because he failed to address the consensus about the Holocaust.[78]

Bishop Bernard Fellay of the SSPX initially denied any responsibility, stating that Williamson's statements were his alone and that the affair did not concern the SSPX as a whole.[79] However, he subsequently forbade Williamson from speaking out publicly about historical or political matters, and asked Pope Benedict for forgiveness for the damage done by Williamson's statements.[80] He stated that if Williamson again denied the Holocaust, he would be excluded from the society.[81] In a subsequent interview he likened Williamson to uranium, asserting that "It's dangerous when you have it," but you can't "simply leave it by the side of the road."[82] Williamson was removed as the head of the seminary in La Reja, Argentina in February 2009, and the same month the government of Argentina asked Williamson to leave the country over irregularities with his visa, and stated that his recent statements about Jews "profoundly offend Argentinian society, the Jewish people and all of humanity".[83] On 24 February 2009, Williamson flew from Argentina to London, where he was met by Michele Renouf, a former model known for her antisemitic views, with whom he had been put in touch by Holocaust denier David Irving.[84] [85] [86] Williamson subsequently repeated the denial to followers, stating that "The fact is that the 6 million people who were supposedly gassed represent a huge lie."

Conviction for Holocaust denial

On 4 February 2009, German prosecutors announced the launch of a criminal investigation into Williamson's statements.[87] In October 2009, a German court, using an "order of punishment" fined Williamson €12,000 after finding him guilty of Holocaust denial.[88] Williamson denied the charges and appealed, paving the way for a full hearing that Williamson did not need to attend.[89] He did not attend the trial, on orders from his society, on charges of inciting racial hatred in Regensburg, Germany on 16 April 2010, and was found guilty. The court reduced the fine to .[90] Lawyers from both sides appealed the fine; the lawyer Williamson hired was the former leader of the Wiking-Jugend, an outlawed Neo-Nazi group.[91] The Society of St. Pius X ordered Williamson to find a new lawyer under threat of expulsion. His appeal was held on 11 July 2011. The lower court's decision was upheld at appeal, but the fine was reduced to €6,500, reportedly due to Williamson's financial circumstances.[92] [93] On 22 February 2012 the higher court dismissed this conviction, finding that the initial charges against Williamson had been inadequately drawn, having failed to specify the nature of his offense, or at what point his filmed comments came under German jurisdiction, or in what sense he be held liable for failing to prevent their publication in Germany.[94] On 16 January 2013, he was prosecuted and convicted again, but this time with a much-reduced fine of €1,600 because of his "unemployed state". He refused to pay the fine and appealed again,[95] but his appeal was dismissed.[96] On 31 January 2019 the European Court of Human Rights ruled against Williamson’s attempt to overturn a conviction for Holocaust denial on the grounds of free speech.[97] [98] [99]

Expulsion from SSPX

In August 2012, Williamson administered the sacrament of confirmation to about 100 laypeople at the Benedictine Monastery of the Holy Cross in Nova Friburgo, Brazil, during an unauthorised visit to the State of Rio de Janeiro. The society's South American district superior, Christian Bouchacourt, protested against his action on the SSPX website, saying that it was "a serious act against the virtue of obedience."[100] In early October 2012, the leadership of the SSPX gave Williamson a deadline to declare his submission, instead of which he published an "open letter" asking for the resignation of the Superior General.[101] On 4 October 2012, the Society expelled Williamson in a "painful decision" citing the failures "to show respect and obedience deserved by his legitimate superiors".[102]

Final years and death

On his return from Argentina, Williamson settled in Broadstairs, Kent.[103] After his expulsion from SSPX, he created the Priestly Union of Marcel Lefebvre, later known as “SSPX Resistance,” gathering Catholics who opposed the SSPX's compromising with the Vatican. [104]

Williamson continued to espouse anti-semitism views including that Jews were manipulating the stock market in order to start a world war.[105] He suggested that Jews caused the COVID pandemic in order to reduce the population and enslave the world.[106] In 2023, he appeared on Iranian television on which he blamed Jews for the assassination of John Kennedy, for 9/11, and for the war between Russia and Ukraine.

After his return to the UK Williamson held regular traditional Latin Masses near his home, as well as at a library in Earlsfield, London. The bookings at the library were cancelled when his views became known in 2022.

Williamson independently ordained six bishops. On 19 March 2015, Williamson ordained Frenchman Jean-Michel Faure, a former member of the SSPX, as a bishop in a ceremony in Nova Friburgo, Brazil. Like Williamson, Faure opposed reconciliation discussions between the SSPX and the Catholic Church. As this was done without papal mandate, both Faure and Williamson incurred a latae sententiae excommunication.[107] The SSPX condemned the consecration as "not at all comparable to the consecrations of 1988" and as proof that Williamson and Faure "no longer recognize the Roman authorities, except in a purely rhetorical manner".[108]

Exactly one year later, Williamson consecrated Tomás de Aquino Ferreira da Costa as a bishop in Brazil. This consecration also took place without papal approval.[109] The following year, it was announced that Williamson intended to consecrate a third bishop, Mexican-American prelate Gerardo Zendejas, on 11 May 2017. The consecration was held at St. Athanasius Church in Vienna, Virginia.[110]

In late December 2022, Williamson stated he had privately consecrated another bishop, Giacomo Ballini, the leader of the Cork branch of the SSPX Resistance in 2021.[111] .[112]

On 15 August 2022, he consecrated Michał Stobnicki as a bishop in Poland.[113] [114]

On 12 January 2024, it was reported that Williamson performed a conditional episcopal consecration for Archbishop Carlo Maria Viganò to the episcopate, during which he described Pope Francis as a "false pastor and servant of Satan".[115] [116]

On 24 January 2025, Williamson had cerebral haemorrhage and was hospitalized near his home in Kent [117] He died on 29 January, at the age of 84.[118]

Bibliography

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Archived copy . 26 January 2025 . 26 January 2025 . https://web.archive.org/web/20250126162509/https://catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bwilliamn.html . live .
  2. [Corinthians|1 Cor]
  3. News: Obituaries . Telegraph . 2025-01-30 . Richard Williamson, outlaw bishop who denied the Holocaust and embarrassed the Vatican . 2025-01-30 . The Telegraph . en-GB . 0307-1235.
  4. Web site: 20 March 2015. Scomunicato il vescovo negazionista monsignor Williamson. 30 June 2021. Il Giornale. it. 10 January 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240110013448/https://www.ilgiornale.it/news/cronache/scomunicato-vescovo-negazionista-monsignor-williamson-1107348.html. live.
  5. News: 2009-02-11 . BISHOP WILLIAMSON: HIS LIFE AND TIMES . 2025-01-30 . The Globe and Mail . en-CA.
  6. News: 2010-04-16 . Profile: Bishop Richard Williamson . 2025-01-30 . en-GB . 4 February 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190204232409/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/7869565.stm . live .
  7. News: Obituaries . Telegraph . 2025-01-30 . Richard Williamson, outlaw bishop who denied the Holocaust and embarrassed the Vatican . 2025-01-30 . The Telegraph . en-GB . 0307-1235.
  8. News: Arco . Anna . 5 March 2008 . Lefebvrists face crisis as bishop is exposed as 'dangerous' anti-Semite . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20080625234331/http://www.catholicherald.co.uk/articles/a0000226.shtml . 25 June 2008 . The Catholic Herald.
  9. News: Taylor . Jerome Taylor . 26 February 2009 . Bishop on the run: Holocaust denier back in Britain Expelled from Argentina for his views on the Holocaust, a Catholic sect leader returns to country where he was born . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20180917183113/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/bishop-on-the-run-holocaust-denier-back-in-britain-1632397.html . 17 September 2018 . 12 September 2009 . . London.
  10. News: Profile: Richard Williamson British bishop's controversial views extend beyond the Holocaust to the September 11 attacks, Freemasons and women . Walker . Peter . 25 February 2009 . . London . https://web.archive.org/web/20181106191501/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/feb/25/catholic-bishop-richard-williamson . 6 November 2018 . live . 9 February 2019.
  11. Web site: 2025-01-30 . Richard Williamson, former bishop expelled from Society of Saint Pius X, dies at 84 . 2025-01-31 . La croix international . en.
  12. News: Moylan . Martin J. . 11 December 1988 . US Seminary of front line in Catholic Doctrine Battle . .
  13. News: Neuerbourg . Hanns . 1 July 1988 . New Traditionalist Bishop Says Fight Just Beginning . The Associated Press.
  14. News: McAteer . Michael . 3 April 1989 . Liberalism destroying church, bishop says . The Toronto Star.
  15. News: Wilkins . Emma . 19 September 1988 . Bishop attacks Rome 'poison' . . London . 3 . ((63,190)).
  16. News: D'Antonio . Michael . 15 December 1984 . Conservatives crusade against Vatican II . . 7.
  17. News: Owen . Richard . 21 April 2003 . Pope woos conservatives expelled for rebellion . 9 February 2019 . . London . 10 February 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190210152625/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/pope-woos-conservatives-expelled-for-rebellion-plfbbt6hsgt . live .
  18. News: Stowell . Linda . 13 August 1988 . Ousted bishop says pope ruining church . Houston Chronicle.
  19. News: Holocaust-denying bishop lived in Minn. 15 years . https://web.archive.org/web/20190208230943/https://www.mprnews.org/story/2009/02/08/bishop . 8 February 2019 . live . 8 February 2009 . . 8 February 2019.
  20. Web site: 9 June 1988 . Lettre de Jean-Paul II à Mgr Lefebvre du 9 juin 1988 . 9 November 2021 . La Porte Latine . fr-FR . 9 November 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211109191635/https://laportelatine.org/formation/crise-eglise/rapports-rome-fsspx/lettre-de-jean-paul-ii-a-mgr-lefebvre-du-9-juin-1988 . live .
  21. Web site: 2 July 1988 . Apostolic Letter 'Ecclesia Dei' of the Supreme Pontiff John Paul II . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20150129194411/https://www.vatican.va/holy_father/john_paul_ii/motu_proprio/documents/hf_jp-ii_motu-proprio_02071988_ecclesia-dei_en.html . 29 January 2015 . 9 February 2019 . La Santa Sede.
  22. https://www.vatican.va/holy_father/john_paul_ii/motu_proprio/documents/hf_jp-ii_motu-proprio_02071988_ecclesia-dei_en.html Apostolic letter Ecclesia Dei
  23. Web site: Profile: Richard Williamson . 17 December 2016 . 6 November 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20181106191501/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/feb/25/catholic-bishop-richard-williamson . live .
  24. News: 21 November 2007 . Ukrainian priest excommunicated . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20190209113908/http://byzcath.com/index.php/news-mainmenu-49/2087-ukrainian-priest-excommunicated . 9 February 2019 . 9 February 2019 . . . SSPX Bishop Richard Williamson illicitly ordained two SSJK priests and seven deacons..
  25. News: Smoltczyk . Alexander . 18 June 2007 . Uups! - et orbi: Ein Damenbesuch und andere unbekannte Seiten des Papstes . . 9 November 2017 . 4 February 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20171109073354/http://www.spiegel.de/panorama/uups-et-orbi-ein-damenbesuch-und-andere-unbekannte-seiten-des-papstes-a-488883.html . live .
  26. News: Owen . Richard . Gledhill . Ruth . 29 August 2005 . Pope opens talks with Latin Mass renegades . . London.
  27. News: McAteer . Michael . 15 April 1989 . Maverick bishop confirms Lefebvre's way . Toronto Star.
  28. News: Paranoia Is Becoming An Article of Faith in a Tiny Kansas Town – A Split Among Its Catholics Is as Much About Suspicion As It Is About Doctrine . Farney . Dennis . 23 August 1995 . The Wall Street Journal.
  29. News: Catholic right over 'sect' . Papadakis . Mary . 14 July 2002 . Sunday Herald Sun.
  30. Web site: Bishop Williamson's Letters Girls at University Emancipation's Mess of Pottage (Gen. XXV, 29-34) . Williamson . Richard . 1 September 2001 . SSPX District of Canada . St. Césaire, QC . https://web.archive.org/web/20071102091508/http://www.sspx.ca/Documents/Bishop-Williamson/September1-2001.htm . 2 November 2007 . dead . 10 February 2019 . A woman can [...] do a good imitation of handling ideas, but then she will not be properly thinking as woman. [...] Did this lawyeress check her hair-do just before coming into court? If she did, she is one distracted lawyer. If she did not, she is one distorted woman. [...] Alas, women going to university is part of the whole massive onslaught on God's Nature which characterizes our times..
  31. News: Profile: Bishop Richard Williamson . Robert . Pigott . . 4 February 2009 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190204232409/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/7869565.stm . 4 February 2019 . live . 11 February 2019.
  32. News: Bishop's homily ranges from Columbus to 'JFK' . 28 March 1992 . . A12.
  33. Web site: Twiston-Davies . Bess . Bishop Williamson, shrinks, and The Sound of Music . . 26 February 2009 . https://web.archive.org/web/20090302073053/http://timesonline.typepad.com/faith/2009/02/bishop-williams.html . 2 March 2009 . dead . 10 February 2019.
  34. Web site: The Film 'The Sound of Music' . Williamson . Richard . November 2009 . Leofec Network . https://web.archive.org/web/20181106181939/https://leofec.com/bishop-williamson/222.html . 6 November 2018 . dead . 10 February 2019 . Sure enough, [...] she gives a dazzling demonstration of the superiority of liberty and equality over stuffy old Austrian ways! [...] As for cleanness, many films may be worse than the Sound of Music, but stop and think – are youth, physical attractiveness and being in love the essence of marriage? Can you imagine this Julie Andrews staying with the Captain if 'the romance went out of their marriage'? Would she not divorce him and grab his children from him to be her toys? Such romance is not actually pornographic but it is virtually so, in other words all the elements of pornography are there, just waiting to break out. One remembers the media sensation when a few years later Julie Andrews appeared topless in another film. That was no sensation, just a natural development for one rolling canine female..
  35. News: Poggioli . Sylvia . February 25, 2009 . Former Student: Bishop Often Attacked Judaism . 2025-01-30 . NPR . en.
  36. Web site: Koch . Einar . Bishop Williamson's mad conspiracy theories — How could the pope rehabilitate him? 'The Jews created Holocaust' and 'US planned 9/11' . 4 February 2009 . https://web.archive.org/web/20181106182606/https://www.bild.de/news/bild-english/why-did-pope-benedict-rehabilitate-this-madman-7306664.bild.html . 6 November 2018 . live . 9 February 2019.
  37. News: Coppen . Luke . Morning Catholic must-reads: 26/07/12 . . 26 July 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20181113170028/https://catholicherald.co.uk/commentandblogs/2012/07/26/morning-catholic-must-reads-260712/ . 13 November 2018 . live . 10 February 2019.
  38. Web site: Traditional Catholicism and the Teachings of Bishop Williamson. J. Christopher Pryor, Journal for the Study of Antisemitism (Vol. I, Issue 2, p. 233 2009) . 30 January 2025 . 16 June 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120616235730/http://www.jsantisemitism.org/pdf/jsa_1-2.pdf . dead .
  39. Book: Weisbord . Robert G. . [{{Google books|9B8xDwAAQBAJ|page=PT236|plainurl=yes}} The Chief Rabbi, the Pope, and the Holocaust: An Era in Vatican-Jewish Relationships ]. Sillanpoa . Wallace P. . 1992 . . 978-0-88738-416-5 . . 194 . Williamson denies that Catholics and Jews worship the same god. Jews worship the god of the Talmud who is 'a devil, an absolute devil'. . Robert Weisbord. — "Williamson, one of Lefebvre's chief spokesmen in the United States", refers to: John KJV: "He that believeth on him is not condemned: but he that believeth not is condemned already, because he hath not believed in the name of the only begotten Son of God." KJV: "Ye are of your father the devil, and the lusts of your father ye will do. He was a murderer from the beginning, and abode not in the truth, because there is no truth in him. When he speaketh a lie, he speaketh of his own: for he is a liar, and the father of it."
  40. News: Legge . Gordon . April 15, 1989 . Holocaust stance probed . Calgary Herald..
  41. News: April 20, 1989 . The Holocaust: Zeal and ignorance . The Windsor Star. . A.10.
  42. Williamson. Richard. Holocaust-Leugner Williamson: 'Es geht um Beweise'. 8 February 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20160730065649/https://www.sueddeutsche.de/politik/holocaust-leugner-williamson-es-geht-um-beweise-1.488647. 30 July 2016. live. Süddeutsche Zeitung. Munich. 17 May 2010. Dem Heiligen Paulus gemäß seien die 'Juden geliebt um der Väter willen, aber unsere Gegner um des Evangeliums willen'. Letztlich bedürften 'alle Menschen zu ihrer Erlösung Christus, ... auch die Juden'.. Holocaust denier Williamson: 'It's about evidence'. de. — The interviewee refers to: Romans KJV: "As concerning the gospel, they are enemies for your sakes: but as touching the election, they are beloved for the father's sakes." John KJV: "[N]o man cometh unto the Father, but by me."
  43. Web site: Bishops' Meeting With Cardinal Hoyos . Williamson . Richard . 3 October 2000 . Leofec Network . 12 February 2019 . I do believe that behind the Cardinal, as I said last month, there are villains at work, either Judeo-masons or prelates working for Judeo-masonry, who are far more sinister than this Cardinal is. These villains, I do believe, are using front-men like the Cardinal for as long as he is useful to their Revolution. He is, in Lenin's phrase, "a useful idiot", who will be cast aside the moment he no longer serves their forward march to the One-World-Religion. . 12 February 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190212011328/https://leofec.com/bishop-williamson/256.html . dead . — Quoted by: News: Allen Jr. . John L. . John L. Allen Jr. . 30 March 2001 . Pope in talks with Lefevbre group . live . . . https://web.archive.org/web/20190205044124/http://natcath.org/NCR_Online/archives2/2001a/033001/033001e.htm . 5 February 2019 . 9 February 2019 .
  44. News: Fox . Thomas C. . 6 January 2009 . Lefebvre movement: long, troubled history with Judaism . live . National Catholic Reporter . Kansas City, MO . https://web.archive.org/web/20180716025222/https://www.ncronline.org/news/lefebvre-movement-long-troubled-history-judaism . 16 July 2018 . 9 February 2019.
  45. Web site: Bishop Williamson's Letters . Williamson . Richard . 1 February 1991 . SSPX District of Canada . St. Césaire, QC . https://web.archive.org/web/20090206120508/http://www.sspx.ca/Documents/Bishop-Williamson/February1-1991.htm . 6 February 2009 . dead . 9 February 2019.
  46. Williamson . Richard . Stephen Heiner . Interview with Bishop Williamson regarding controversial positions . True Restoration . 6 February 2008 . 8 February 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190208223719/https://www.truerestoration.org/interview-with-bishop-williamson-regarding-controversial-positions/ . 8 February 2019 . live . Only a fool is against Jews simply because they are Jews. There can be very few directors of Traditional Catholic seminaries, who have invited, as I once did, a Jewish rabbi to address seminarians. [...] [O]nly a Catholic who does not understand his faith is not against the enemies of Our Lord Jesus Christ. I am against Jews or Gentiles who are enemies of Our Lord Jesus Christ..
  47. Williamson . Richard . Peter Wensierski, Steffen Winter . SPIEGEL Interview with Bishop Richard Williamson: 'I Will Not Travel to Auschwitz' . 9 February 2009 . . https://web.archive.org/web/20190130230844/http://www.spiegel.de/international/world/spiegel-interview-with-bishop-richard-williamson-i-will-not-travel-to-auschwitz-a-606323.html . 30 January 2019 . live . 9 February 2019.
  48. Book: [{{Google books|3wA8CPPjNCgC|page=PPA202|plainurl=yes}} The Chief Rabbi, the Pope, and the Holocaust: An Era in Vatican-Jewish Relationships ]. Robert G. . Weisbord . Robert Weisbord . Wallace P. . Sillanpoa . . . 1992 . 978-0-88738-416-5 . 202 . Williamson also shares the view of the so-called 'revisionists' that the Holocaust never occurred. It was a Jewish invention 'so we would prostrate ourselves on our knees before them and approve of their new State of Israel,' he told a Quebec audience..
  49. News: Pope to cancel excommunication of rebel bishops The Pope is expected to cancel the excommunication of four breakaway bishops including a Briton who has said the Nazis did not use gas chambers . 22 January 2009 . . London . https://web.archive.org/web/20181120221313/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/vaticancityandholysee/4317996/Pope-to-cancel-excommunication-of-rebel-bishops.html . 20 November 2018 . live . 9 February 2019.
  50. News: Legge . Gordon . 14 April 1989 . Holocaust stance probed . Calgary Herald..
  51. News: McAteer . Michael . 21 April 1989 . Catholic bishop won't be charged for remarks about Jews, police say . The Toronto Star . A10.
  52. News: McAteer . Michael . 14 April 1989 . Chief Canadian bishop denounces clergyman's anti-Jewish comments . The Toronto Star . A11.
  53. News: Pope readmits Holocaust-denying priest to the church Vatican lifts excommunication on renegade British bishop who declared: 'There were no gas chambers' . Willan . Philip . . London . https://web.archive.org/web/20181124064317/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/pope-readmits-holocaust-denying-priest-to-the-church-1515339.html . 24 November 2018 . live . 9 February 2019 . 25 January 2009.
  54. News: Seminary sacks 'Holocaust bishop' An ultra-traditionalist British bishop who denies the Holocaust has been removed from his post as the head of a Roman Catholic seminary in Argentina . . 9 February 2009 . https://web.archive.org/web/20181003040303/http://news.bbc.co.uk/nol/ukfs_news/hi/newsid_7870000/newsid_7878500/7878580.stm . 3 October 2018 . live . 9 February 2019.
  55. Web site: 15 September 2005 . Lefebvrist bishop says no reconciliation with Rome . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20150413191615/http://www.catholicculture.org/news/features/index.cfm?recnum=39641 . 13 April 2015 . .
  56. News: 29 August 2005 . Pope meets head of ultraconservative movement . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20181106185318/https://usatoday30.usatoday.com/news/religion/2005-08-29-popelefebvre_x.htm . 6 November 2018 . .
  57. Web site: 27 October 2006 . SSPX bishop sees little hope for agreement with Rome . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20150413230530/https://www.catholicculture.org/news/features/index.cfm?recnum=47337 . 13 April 2015 . .
  58. Web site: Pope lifts excommunications of Lefebvrite bishops . Thavis . John . . 27 January 2009 . https://archive.today/20120526101040/http://www.catholicnews.com/data/stories/cns/0900355.htm . dead . 26 May 2012 . 11 February 2019.
  59. News: Agnew . Paddy . Pope to lift excommunications of four 'Lefebvre' bishops . . 23 January 2009 . 9 February 2019 . 8 October 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20121008065756/http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/world/2009/0123/1232474675771.html . live .
  60. Web site: Reaktioner i Tyskland – redan före sändning! . 20 January 2009 . . sv . Reactions in Germany - even before shipment! . https://web.archive.org/web/20090131150355/http://www.svt.se/svt/jsp/Crosslink.jsp?d=102271&a=1402152&lid=is_search527895&lpos=1&queryArt527895=sspx&sortOrder527895=0&doneSearch=true&sd=47225&from=siteSearch&pageArt527895=0 . 31 January 2009 . dead.
  61. http://www.adl.org/PresRele/VaticanJewish_96/5450_96.htm ADL To Vatican: Do Not Rehabilitate Holocaust Denier Bishop
  62. News: Pope in bid to dampen bishop row. 29 January 2009. BBC. 12 October 2011. 23 May 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20111012034946/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/7855816.stm. live.
  63. Web site: Vatican: Comments by Holocaust Denier Unacceptable . Winfold . Nicole . . 26 January 2009 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190209123243/https://www.foxnews.com/printer_friendly_wires/2009Jan26/0,4675,EUVaticanJews,00.html . 9 February 2019 . live . 9 February 2019.
  64. Web site: Pope tries to heal rift with Jews over Holocaust denier . Pullella . Philip . 28 January 2009 . . https://web.archive.org/web/20190204231506/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-pope-jews-holocaust-idUSTRE50R4VR20090128 . 4 February 2019 . live . 9 February 2019.
  65. News: Pullella . Philip . Pope tells Jews Holocaust denial is "intolerable" . 9 February 2019 . 12 February 2009 . Reuters . https://web.archive.org/web/20180622193213/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-pope-jews-holocaust/pope-tells-jews-holocaust-denial-is-intolerable-idUSTRE51B2LD20090212 . 22 June 2018 . live.
  66. News: Pope condemns denial of Holocaust . BBC . 9 February 2019 . 12 February 2009 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180622194735/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/7885933.stm . 22 June 2018 . live.
  67. Web site: Priest in Italy Defends Holocaust-Denier . ABC News . 29 January 2009 . David, Ariel . 12 September 2009 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20090207073647/https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory?id=6761484 . 7 February 2009.
  68. Web site: 10 March 2009 . Letter of His Holiness Pope Benedict XVI to the Bishops of the Catholic Church concerning the remission of the excommunication of the four Bishops consecrated by Archbishop Lefebvre (March 10, 2009) . 27 August 2018 . . I have been told that consulting the information available on the internet would have made it possible to perceive the problem early on. I have learned the lesson that in the future in the Holy See we will have to pay greater attention to that source of news. I was saddened by the fact that even Catholics who, after all, might have had a better knowledge of the situation, thought they had to attack me with open hostility..
  69. Web site: Pope denies feeling alone over Holocaust-denying bishop . 17 March 2009 . . https://web.archive.org/web/20190205044027/https://news.abs-cbn.com/world/03/17/09/pope-denies-feeling-alone-over-holocaust-denying-bishop . 5 February 2019 . live . 9 February 2019.
  70. News: Pope orders reform after Holocaust denial flap . 9 July 2009 . . 9 February 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180622173412/https://www.usatoday.com/news/religion/2009-07-09-pope-holocaust_N.htm . 22 June 2018 . live.
  71. News: Magister . Sandro . Sandro Magister . 4 February 2009 . Double Disaster at the Vatican: Of Governance, and of Communication . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20190201182543/http://chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it/articolo/214368?eng=y . 1 February 2019 . 9 February 2019 . L'espresso.
  72. News: Owen . Richard . Gledhill . Ruth . Ruth Gledhill . 5 February 2009 . Pope insists Bishop Richard Williamson must renounce Holocaust denial . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20181106182358/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/pope-insists-bishop-richard-williamson-must-renounce-holocaust-denial-pgpx082bw92 . 6 November 2018 . 16 January 2019 . The Times.
  73. Web site: Bishop Williamson apologizes for 'imprudent' Holocaust remarks . Catholic News Agency . 7 July 2024 . 9 September 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240909164400/https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/14946/bishop-williamson-apologizes-for-imprudent-holocaust-remarks . live .
  74. News: Bishop who denied Holocaust apologizes to pope . The Boston Globe . 31 January 2009 . 12 September 2009 . 3 November 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20121103181957/http://www.boston.com/news/world/europe/articles/2009/01/31/bishop_apologizes_to_pope_for_distress/ . live .
  75. http://212.77.1.245/news_services/bulletin/news/23319.php?index=23319&lang=en Bulletin of the Press Office of the Holy See, 4 February 2009
  76. News: Holocaust bishop' told to recant . BBC News . 4 February 2009 . 12 September 2009 . 30 September 2009 . https://web.archive.org/web/20090930081000/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/7869995.stm . live .
  77. http://www.zenit.org/article-25207?l=english ZENIT article
  78. News: Vatican rejects bishop's apology The Vatican has rejected an apology by a British bishop who denied the full extent of the Holocaust . 27 February 2009 . . https://web.archive.org/web/20171007004643/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/7915022.stm . 7 October 2017 . live . 27 February 2009.
  79. Web site: Bishop Fellay's Letter to Swedish Television Station. www.remnantnewspaper.com. 23 January 2009. 29 January 2009. https://web.archive.org/web/20090129055645/http://remnantnewspaper.com/Archives/2009-0123-bishop_fellay.htm. live.
  80. News: Forgiveness sought for Holocaust-denying Bishop . . Winfold . Nicole . 27 January 2009 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190211041241/https://www.eastbaytimes.com/2009/01/27/forgiveness-sought-for-holocaust-denying-bishop/ . 11 February 2019 . live . 11 February 2019.
  81. News: 2 March 2009 . SSPX Head on Holocaust Denial: Williamson Apology 'A Step in Right Direction' . Der Spiegel . Spiegel Online.
  82. News: Wensierski . Peter . Winter . Steffen . 1 February 2010 . Catholic Bishop Williamson Unrepentant in Holocaust Denial Bishop Williamson's Holocaust denial embarrasses for the Catholic Church . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20181119220408/https://abcnews.go.com/International/catholic-bishop-williamson-unrepentent-holocaust-denial/story?id=9717252 . 19 November 2018 . 9 February 2019 . ABC News.
  83. News: 25 February 2009 . Lefebvrist bishop leaves Argentina . 20 March 2010 . Catholic News Agency . 30 November 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20241130062424/https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/15202/lefebvrist-bishop-leaves-argentina . live .
  84. Web site: 24 February 2009 . Holocaust-denying bishop leaves Argentina for Britain after airport scuffle . The Times.
  85. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/feb/25/bishop-richard-williamson-holocaust "Holocaust-denying bishop lands in UK after expulsion from Argentina"
  86. News: Totaro, Paola . 26 February 2009 . Renouf greets expelled bishop . 13 September 2009 . Sydney Morning Herald.
  87. Web site: Vatican: Bishop must recant Holocaust denial . Messia . Hada . Vinci . Alessio . Pleitgen . Frederik . . 4 February 2009 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190204231424/http://edition.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/europe/02/04/germany.bishop/index.html . 4 February 2019 . live . 11 February 2019.
  88. News: German court fines British bishop for Holocaust claims . . 3 January 2010. 26 October 2009 . Pidd, Heidi . London.
  89. News: British bishop 'to go on trial' in Germany over racial hatred Richard Williamson, a British bishop who denied the Holocaust took place, has been summoned to appear in a German court for inciting racial hatred . . 3 January 2010 . 10 November 2009 . London . https://web.archive.org/web/20190205044014/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/germany/6539567/British-bishop-to-go-on-trial-in-Germany-over-racial-hatred.html . 5 February 2019 . live.
  90. Web site: British bishop convicted of Holocaust denial: German court fines cleric $13,000 for saying Jews were not gassed to death . 16 April 2010 . . 9 February 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180122125651/http://www.nbcnews.com/id/36595788/ns/world_news-europe/t/british-bishop-convicted-holocaust-denial/ . 22 January 2018 . live.
  91. News: Holocaust-denying bishop threatened with expulsion . Nicole . Winfield . . Charleston, W.V. . 23 November 2010 . A.9.
  92. News: German court fines bishop for denying Holocaust . 11 July 2011 . . https://web.archive.org/web/20190205044350/http://uk.reuters.com/article/2011/07/11/uk-germany-trial-holocaust-idUKTRE76A3T420110711 . 5 February 2019 . dead.
  93. News: Elgot . Jessica . Holocaust denier Bishop Richard Williamson loses appeal . . 11 July 2011 . 9 February 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190209131827/https://www.thejc.com/news/uk-news/holocaust-denier-bishop-richard-williamson-loses-appeal-1.24957 . 9 February 2019 . live.
  94. Web site: 22 February 2012 . Prozess von Holocaust-Leugner muss neu aufgerollt werden . registration . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20190205054055/https://www.abendblatt.de/politik/article107744342/Prozess-von-Holocaust-Leugner-muss-neu-aufgerollt-werden.html . 5 February 2019 . 9 February 2019 . Hamburger Abendblatt.
  95. News: Fourth Trial . Williamson . Richard . Eleison Comments . 291 . 9 February 2013 . St. Marcel Initiative . . https://web.archive.org/web/20141103011828/http://eleisonkommentar.blogspot.ie/2013/02/ec-291-vierter-proze.html . 3 November 2014 . live . 9 February 2019 . de,en.
  96. News: German court quashes appeal by Holocaust-denying bishop . 23 September 2013 . 9 February 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20130926110745/http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/news/afp/130923/german-court-quashes-appeal-holocaust-denying-bishop . 26 September 2013 . live.
  97. Web site: Strasbourg throws out Briton's Holocaust denial free speech claim . Michael . Cross . 1 February 2019 . . https://web.archive.org/web/20190204174528/https://www.lawgazette.co.uk/law/strasbourg-throws-out-britons-holocaust-denial-free-speech-claim/5069120.article . 4 February 2019 . live . 11 February 2019.
  98. Web site: 17 April 2010 . Holocaustleugnung: Bischof Williamson verurteilt . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20230707162731/https://www.regensburg-digital.de/holocaustleugnung-bischof-williamson-verurteilt/16042010/ . 7 July 2023 . 7 July 2023.
  99. Web site: Twice-excommunicated bishop loses appeal of hate speech conviction . . 1 February 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190207015036/https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/twice-excommunicated-bishop-loses-appeal-of-hate-speech-conviction-37268 . 7 February 2019 . live . 11 February 2019.
  100. Web site: Bishop causes more controversy for breakaway Catholic group . . 13 September 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20181106185948/https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/bishop-causes-more-controversy-for-breakaway-catholic-group . 6 November 2018 . live . 11 February 2019.
  101. Web site: SSPX expels Bishop Williamson, who opposed talks with Vatican . Wooden . Cindy . . 24 October 2012 . https://archive.today/20130118191614/http://www.catholicnews.com/data/stories/cns/1204487.htm . dead . 18 January 2013 . 11 February 2019.
  102. News: Holocaust denying British bishop expelled from religious order: A renegade British bishop whose denial of the Holocaust precipitated a crisis in Benedict XVI's papacy has been expelled from his ultraconservative order . Nick . Squires . . 24 October 2012 . . 0307-1235 . 49632006 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180917181901/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/vaticancityandholysee/9630897/Holocaust-denying-British-bishop-expelled-from-religious-order.html . 17 September 2018 . live . 9 February 2019.
  103. Web site: 2025-01-30 . Richard Williamson, former bishop expelled from Society of Saint Pius X, dies at 84 . 2025-01-30 . La croix international . en.
  104. Web site: Team . Searchlight . 2023-10-24 . No mea culpa, as Bishop Williamson re‑emerges from the shadows . 2025-01-30 . Searchlight . en-GB . 7 August 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240807183130/https://www.searchlightmagazine.com/2023/10/no-mea-culpa-as-bishop-williamson-re%E2%80%91emerges-from-the-shadows/ . live .
  105. Web site: 26 Sep 2020 . 'Covid is creation of the Jews': Bishop's sick claim . 2025-01-30 . SundayWorld.com . en . 17 December 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20241217211423/https://www.sundayworld.com/news/irish-news/covid-is-creation-of-the-jews-bishops-sick-claim/39566519.html . live .
  106. Web site: Shukman . Harry . 2022-10-27 . Holocaust-denying bishop holds hate services in London library . 2025-01-30 . The Jewish Chronicle . en.
  107. Web site: Bishop Williamson is excommunicated after illicitly ordaining a bishop . Glatz . Carol . . 19 March 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190117174218/http://www.catholicherald.co.uk/news/2015/03/19/bishop-williamson-is-excommunicated-after-illicitly-ordaining-a-bishop/ . 17 January 2019 . live . 9 February 2019.
  108. Web site: No comparison to 1988: Faure's consecration . 19 March 2015 . SSPX District of the USA . https://web.archive.org/web/20190117070308/http://sspx.org/en/no-comparison-to-1988-faures-consecration-gh-communique-3-19-2015 . 17 January 2019 . live . 11 February 2019.
  109. Web site: 30 March 2016. Mgr Richard Williamson ordonne un nouvel évêque. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20181106181145/http://www.lavie.fr/religion/catholicisme/mgr-richard-williamson-ordonne-un-nouvel-eveque-30-03-2016-71809_16.php. 6 November 2018. 11 February 2019. La Vie. fr.
  110. Web site: Statement from Most Reverend Michael F. Burbidge on the Consecration of Father Gerardo Zendejas, Member of an Independent Church. 20 October 2021. www.arlingtondiocese.org.
  111. News: Gallagher . Conor . 24 July 2021 . Cork activist questioned over allegations of harassment by Christian fundamentalists . 18 January 2023 . The Irish Times . en.
  112. Web site: Avon . Simon . 11 January 2023 . Ex-Lefebvrist prelate illicitly consecrates a fourth bishop . 12 January 2023 . . en . 12 January 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230112045817/https://international.la-croix.com/news/religion/ex-lefebvrist-prelate-illicitly-consecrates-a-fourth-bishop/17152 . live .
  113. Web site: 15 July 2023. 15 July 2023. pl. Bp Michał Stobnicki - NON POSSUMUS. FSSPXR NON POSSUMUS. 15 July 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230715124939/https://fsspxr.wordpress.com/bp-stobnicki/. live.
  114. Web site: 15 July 2023. 15 July 2023. en. Eleison Comments DCCCXXXV. St. Marcel Initiative. 20 July 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230720044438/https://stmarcelinitiative.com/two-kinds-of-bishop-i/. dead.
  115. Web site: Peloso . Francesco . 16 January 2024 . Viganò supera a destra i lefebvriani: il fronte tradizionalista si divide dopo Fiducia supplicans . . it-it . 16 January 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240116152901/https://www.editorialedomani.it/politica/mondo/vigano-supera-a-destra-i-lefebvriani-il-fronte-tradizionalista-si-divide-dopo-fiducia-supplicans-qs2wob63 . live .
  116. Web site: Sartini . Serena . 12 January 2024 . Viganò, il vescovo ribelle riconsacrato dal lefebvriano. Cresce la fronda anti Papa . . it . 24 January 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240124075222/https://www.ilgiornale.it/news/politica/vigan-vescovo-ribelle-riconsacrato-lefebvriano-cresce-2267257.html . live .
  117. Web site: Galici . Francesca . In gravi condizioni il vescovo tradizionalista Richard Williamson: ecco chi è . . 26 January 2025 . 26 January 2025 . https://web.archive.org/web/20250126030519/https://www.ilgiornale.it/news/vaticano/morto-vescovo-richard-williamson-ecco-chi-era-2428350.html . live .
  118. Web site: CNA . Expelled Society of St. Pius X bishop Richard Williamson dies at 84 . 2025-01-30 . Catholic News Agency . en.

This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Richard Williamson (bishop)".

Except where otherwise indicated, Everything.Explained.Today is © Copyright 2009-2025, A B Cryer, All Rights Reserved. Cookie policy.