| Richard Edgcumbe | |
| Office1: | High Sheriff of Devon |
| Term1: | 1486–1487 |
| Office2: | Comptroller of the Household |
| Term2: | 1485–1489 |
| Office3: | Member of Parliament for Tavistock |
| Term3: | 1467-1468 1485-1486 |
| Birth Date: | ca. |
| Death Date: | 8 September |
| Death Place: | Morlaix, Brittany, France |
| Spouse: | Joan Tremayne |
| Children: | 5, including Piers |
| Relatives: | Richard Edgcumbe (grandson) |
Sir Richard Edgcumbe (alias Edgecombe, etc.) (c. 1443 – 8 September 1489) of Cotehele in the parish of Calstock in Cornwall, was an English courtier and Member of Parliament.[1]
He was the son and heir of Piers Edgcumbe of Cotehele by his wife Elizabeth Holland, daughter and heiress of Richard Holland.[2] The family is earliest recorded in 1292 when Richard Edgcombe was seated at the manor of Edgcombe[3] in the parish of Milton Abbot in Devon,[4] from which his family took their surname. His grandson William Edgcombe (d.1380) married the heiress of Cothele, to which manor he moved his residence.[5]
He was a[6] Member of Parliament for Tavistock in Devon, from 1467 to 1468. He was a Lancastrian and had his lands confiscated in 1471 by the Yorkist King Edward IV, although these were returned to him the next year.
Angered by Richard of Gloucester’s usurpation of the throne in 1483 and the rumours of the murder of Edward V and his brother in the Tower of London, Edgcumbe joined the rebellion led by Henry Stafford, 2nd Duke of Buckingham to dethrone the Yorkist Richard III and replace him with the Lancastrian Henry Tudor. When the rebellion collapsed and Henry's ships fled, Edgcumbe's arrest was ordered and a troop of soldiers commanded by the notoriously brutal Sir Henry Trenowth of Bodrugan were sent to arrest him. He hid on the wooded hillside of his Tamar-side home, Cotehele, and when his hiding place was discovered, threw his pursuers off the scent by filling his cap with stones and throwing it into the river, fooling his pursuers into thinking he had drowned and thus escaping certain death. After his escape, he fled to Brittany and joined Henry Tudor with whom he returned to England in 1485. He was knighted later that year after the Battle of Bosworth, where Henry Tudor and the Lancastrians were victorious.[7]
He held important offices in the new reign: an MP for Tavistock once again in 1485, Privy Councillor, Comptroller of the Royal Household, Sheriff of Devon in 1487 and Ambassador to Scotland.[8]
He carried out a number of important assignments for the new King. In 1488, following the crushing of the Lambert Simnel rebellion at the Battle of Stoke Field, he was tasked with administering the oaths of allegiance in Ireland to the Anglo-Irish nobles who had supported Simnel's claim to the throne, assisted by John Payne, Bishop of Meath, a former rebel who had been among the first to submit.
He showed his shrewd political judgment in accepting the assurances of loyalty given by Gerald FitzGerald, 8th Earl of Kildare, the most powerful of the Anglo-Irish magnates, whose influence made him an indispensable ally of the Crown; at the same time he showed his independence by refusing, against Kildare's urging, to pardon some of the more notorious rebels, notably Sir James Keating, the Prior of Kilmainham.
He took care to be approachable: having administered the oath of fealty to Thomas Cusack, the Recorder of Dublin, he dined with him "with great cheer".[9]
During his last mission, a diplomatic one to negotiate a truce with Anne, Duchess of Brittany, he died at Morlaix on 8 September 1489 and was buried there. His tomb was destroyed during the French Revolution.
He married Joan Tremayne, a daughter of Thomas Tremayne (d.1482) of Collacombe in the parish of Lamerton, Devon, by his wife Elizabeth Carew, a daughter of Thomas Carew (d.1471[10]) of Mohuns Ottery in Devon,[11] by whom he had one son and four daughters: