| Ricardo Velázquez Bosco | |
| Birth Date: | 1843 |
| Birth Place: | Burgos |
| Death Date: | August 1923 |
| Death Place: | Madrid |
| Nationality: | Spanish |
| Significant Buildings: | Palacio de Cristal, Palacio de Velázquez, Palacio de Fomento, Pantheon of the Duchess of Sevillano |
Ricardo Velázquez Bosco (1843–1923) was a Spanish architect, archaeologist and scholar.
Velázquez's most notable architecture was erected in Madrid, buildings such as the Palacio de Cristal and the Palacio de Velázquez (both in the Parque del Buen Retiro) and the massive Ministry of Agriculture building. As an architect he was known for the prolific use of glazed pieces of ceramics in bright colors for his projects.[1] He also carried out restoration work on the Cathedral–Mosque of Córdoba and directed important archaeological excavations near Córdoba in Medina Azahara.
Born in 1843 in Burgos.[2] Use of ceramics as decorative architectural materials became popular in Spain in the late 19th century and early 20th century. Architects such as Velázquez used them in the style which came to be known as “Regionalist Architecture". Velázquez built the Palacio de Velázquez, which is named after him, in the Parque del Buen Retiro in Madrid.[3] [4] This building, which was constructed for the Exposición Nacional de Minería (1883), features ceramic tiles made by Daniel Zuloaga.[5]
The Palacio de Velazquez and the nearby Palacio de Cristal are influenced by London's Crystal Palace. Velázquez taught the Spanish architect Antonio Palacios who was influenced by his eclectic and modern style; it is sometimes called "emphatic eclecticism". His works are characterized by a resounding treatment of volume, as well as the use of ceramic decoration on building facades. He was a member of the Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando along with Enrique María Repullés and Narciso Pascual Colomer.[6] Most of his work was concentrated in Madrid, where he taught at the School of Architecture.
He died in Madrid in August 1923.
Velázquez, who from 1910 was the director of the Madrid school of architecture, also taught history of art. He was involved in archaeological and conservation projects, notably in the province of Córdoba, where he was assisted by the sculptor Mateo Inurria who was Director of the arts school of Cordoba.[7]
As an archaeologist, Ricardo Velázquez Basco was involved in the excavation of two Islamic heritage sites near Córdoba in 1910/11:
After Velásquez' death the site was identified as Munyat al-Rummaniyya, an estate known from documentary sources.[9]
It has been suggested that there was a political motive for these excavations, as Spain was in the process of colonizing Morocco, a Muslim country; a process which culminated in 1912 when Spain and France made Morocco its “protectorate.”[10]
Velázquez undertook restoration/conservation works at the Cathedral–Mosque of Córdoba. The building had been declared a national monument in 1882; the works involved the reversal of accretions, for example, removing an altarpiece from the mihrab and a lean-to structure from the west façade.[11] He worked on León Cathedral and the La Rábida Monastery.
His most important works include the following buildings in Madrid:
Some of his other works include: