Recumbirostra Explained

Recumbirostra is a clade of tetrapods which lived during the Carboniferous and Permian periods. They are thought to have had a fossorial (burrowing) lifestyle and the group includes both short-bodied and long-bodied snake-like forms.[1] [2] At least one species, the long-bodied molgophid Nagini mazonense, lost its forelimbs entirely.[3] Recumbirostra includes the families Pantylidae, Gymnarthridae, Ostodolepidae, Rhynchonkidae and Brachystelechidae, with additional families such as Microbrachidae and Molgophidae being included by some authors.[4] [5] Brachystelechidae and Molgophidae have also been grouped together in the suggested clade Chthonosauria.[6]

Recumbirostra was erected as a clade in 2007 to include many of the taxa traditionally grouped in "Microsauria", which has since been shown to be a paraphyletic or polyphyletic grouping.[7] [8] [9] Like other "microsaurs", the recumbirostrans have traditionally been considered to be members of the subclass Lepospondyli; however, many phylogenetic analyses conducted since the 2010s have recovered recumbirostrans as basal sauropsid (reptilian) amniotes instead.[10] [11] However, the placement of recumbirostrans as reptiles has been challenged by other authors, who have recovered them as stem-amniotes instead, and contended that the shared characters between recumbirostrans and reptiles are convergent,[12] or the result of incorrect character encoding.[13] Not all phylogenetic analyses recognize Recumbirostra as a valid grouping. An alternative clade called Tuditanomorpha is occasionally supported and includes many of the same taxa.[14] Furthermore, the taxa that are often considered to be recumbirostrans have been found among amphibians (and not as a distinct clade) in some analyses.[15]

Classification

Taxonomy

Phylogeny

Below is a cladogram showing the phylogenetic relationships of recumbirostrans from Glienke (2012):

Notes and References

  1. Mann . Arjan . Calthorpe . Ami S. . Maddin . Hillary C. . Joermungandr bolti, an exceptionally preserved 'microsaur' from the Mazon Creek Lagerstätte reveals patterns of integumentary evolution in Recumbirostra . Royal Society Open Science . 2021 . 8 . 7 . 210319 . 10.1098/rsos.210319 . 8292758 . 34295525. 2021RSOS....810319M .
  2. Mann . Arjan . Maddin . Hillary C . 2019-09-30 . Diabloroter bolti, a short-bodied recumbirostran 'microsaur' from the Francis Creek Shale, Mazon Creek, Illinois . Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society . en . 187 . 2 . 494–505 . 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlz025 . 0024-4082.
  3. Mann . Arjan . Pardo . Jason D. . Maddin . Hillary C. . 2022-03-28 . Snake-like limb loss in a Carboniferous amniote . Nature Ecology & Evolution . 6 . 5 . 614–621 . 10.1038/s41559-022-01698-y . 35347258 . 2022NatEE...6..614M . 247778148 . 2397-334X.
  4. Glienke . S. . 10.1007/s12542-012-0130-8 . A new "microsaur" (Amphibia; Lepospondyli) from the Rotliegend of the Saar–Palatinate region (Carboniferous/Permian transition; West Germany) . Paläontologische Zeitschrift . 86 . 3 . 297–311 . 2012 . 2012PalZ...86..297G . 140699792 .
  5. Mann . A. . Pardo . J. D. . Maddin . H. C. . Infernovenator steenae, a new serpentine recumbirostran from the 'Mazon Creek' Lagerstätte further clarifies lysorophian origins . Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society . 2019 . 187 . 2 . 506–517 . 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlz026.
  6. https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/advance-article/doi/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac043/6646571?login=false Osteology and phylogenetic position of the diminutive 'microsaur' Odonterpeton triangulare from the Pennsylvanian of Linton, Ohio, and major features of recumbirostran phylogeny
  7. Jason D. Pardo . Matt Szostakiwskyj . Per E. Ahlberg . Jason S. Anderson . 2017 . Hidden morphological diversity among early tetrapods . Nature . 546 . 7660 . 642–645 . 10.1038/nature22966 . 28636600 . 2017Natur.546..642P . 1880/113382 . 2478132 . free .
  8. Book: Anderson, J.S. . 2007 . Incorporating ontogeny into the matrix: A phylogenetic evaluation of developmental evidence for the origin of modern Amphibians . Major Transitions in Vertebrate Evolution . Anderson, J.S. . Sues, H.-D. . Indiana University Press . Bloomington and Indianapolis . 182–227.
  9. Huttenlocker, A. K.; Pardo, J. D.; Small, B. J.; Anderson, J. S. (2013). "Cranial morphology of recumbirostrans (Lepospondyli) from the Permian of Kansas and Nebraska, and early morphological evolution inferred by micro-computed tomography". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 33 (3): 540.
  10. Jason D. Pardo, Matt Szostakiwskyj and Jason S. Anderson . 2015 . Phylogenetic relationships of recumbirostran 'lepospondyls' inferred from neurocranial morphology . Society of Vertebrate Paleontology 75th Annual Meeting Program & Abstracts . 191 .
  11. Mann . A. . Pardo . J. D. . Sues . H.-D. . 2022 . Osteology and phylogenetic position of the diminutive 'microsaur' Odonterpeton triangulare from the Pennsylvanian of Linton, Ohio, and major features of recumbirostran phylogeny . Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society . 197 . 3 . 641–655 . 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac043 . free .
  12. Reisz . Robert R. . Maho . Tea . Modesto . Sean P. . 2024-12-31 . Recumbirostran 'microsaurs' are not amniotes . Journal of Systematic Palaeontology . en . 22 . 1 . 10.1080/14772019.2023.2296078 . 2024JSPal..2296078R . 1477-2019.
  13. Modesto . Sean P. . 2024-04-02 . Problems of the interrelationships of crown and stem amniotes . Frontiers in Earth Science . 12 . 10.3389/feart.2024.1155806 . free . 2024FrEaS..1255806M . 2296-6463.
  14. Henrici . A.C. . Martens, T. . Berman, D.S. . Sumida, S.S. . 2011 . An ostodolepid 'microsaur' (Lepospondyli) from the Lower Permian Tambach Formation of central Germany . Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology . 31 . 5 . 997–1004 . 10.1080/02724634.2011.596601 . 2011JVPal..31..997H . 129710688 .
  15. Marjanović . David . Laurin . Michel . Phylogeny of Paleozoic limbed vertebrates reassessed through revision and expansion of the largest published relevant data matrix . PeerJ . 4 January 2019 . 6 . e5565 . 10.7717/peerj.5565 . free . 30631641 . 6322490 . en . 2167-8359.

This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Recumbirostra".

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