Rhopalocarpus alternifolius is a tree in the family Sphaerosepalaceae. It is endemic to Madagascar.
Rhopalocarpus alternifolius is known only from populations in the northern and northeastern regions of Diana, Sava, Alaotra Mangoro, Analanjirofo and Atsinanana. Its habitat is humid evergreen and dry deciduous forests from sea-level to 1000m (3,000feet) altitude. Some populations are within protected areas.
Rhopalocarpus alternifolius is threatened by shifting patterns of agriculture. Because the species is used as timber, subsistence harvesting is also a threat.