| Roda Island | |
| Native Name: | جزيرة الروضة |
| Native Name Lang: | ar |
| Nickname: | --> |
| Location: | Nile River, Cairo |
| Area M2: | or |
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| Length M: | --> |
| Width M: | --> |
| Coastline M: | --> |
| Country: |  Egypt |
| Country Area M2: | or |
| Country Area Ha: | --> |
| Country 1 Area M2: | or |
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Roda Island (or Rawdah Island,, pronounced as /ɡɪˈziːɾɪt eɾˈɾoːdɑ/) is an island neighbourhood in the Nile in central Cairo, alternatively or partially known as Manial al-Roda, or al-Manial,[1] in reference to the main village that existed on the island before it was urbanised,[2] and is part of the Misr al-Qadima district.
The island was known in Antiquity as Babylonian Island, referring to the Babylon Fortress.[3]
During the reign of caliph Sulaymān ibn ʿAbd al-Malik of the Umayyad dynasty, a nilometer was built on the southern tip of the island opposite the mouth of the Khalij canal in AD 715 to measure the annual Nile flood.[4] [5] The structure was replaced in AD 861, during the reign of the Abbasid caliph al-Mutawakkil,[6] overseen by the astronomer Alfraganus, and despite a number of modifications, is still extant today and known as the Roda Island Nilometer.[7]
The Ayyubid Sultan as-Salih Ayyub (Reigned 1240 to 1249, great-nephew of Saladin) built a palace at the southern tip of the island near the nilometer.[8] [9]
The mamluk Bahri dynasty originally settled on Roda Island at the palace. The name of the dynasty, "Bahriyya", means 'of the river', referring to their original settlement on the island on the Nile.
The Bostan al-Kebir (Great Gardens) started to be planned and grown on the island in 1829 by Viceroy Ibrahim Pasha, of the Muhammad Ali Dynasty.[10] In 1851 the Manasterly Palace, also known as the Kiosk was built on the island's southern tip on the ruins of the Ayyubid palace for Hassan Fouad Pasha Al-Manasterly, Katkhoda of Egypt during the reign of Abbas I. Later in the early 20th Century the Prince Muhammad Ali Palace was built in the island's mid-north.[11]
Today, the island is a bustling neighbourhood of Cairo.