Rho gtpase activating protein 21 explained

Rho GTPase activating protein 21 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ARHGAP21 gene.^[1]

Function

ARHGAP21 functions preferentially as a GTPase-activating protein (GAP) for CDC42 (MIM 116952) and regulates the ARP2/3 complex (MIM 604221) and F-actin dynamics at the Golgi through control of CDC42 activity (Dubois et al., 2005 [PubMed 15793564]). There is little scientific literature on ARHGAP21, but recent reviews highlighted that it plays an important role in cytoskeletal processes in cancer, substance transport within the cell, and insulin secretion ^[2]

Further reading

• Bassères DS, Tizzei EV, Duarte AA, Costa FF, Saad ST . ARHGAP10, a novel human gene coding for a potentially cytoskeletal Rho-GTPase activating protein . Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. . 294 . 3 . 579–85 . 2002 . 12056806 . 10.1016/S0006-291X(02)00514-4 .
• Dubois T, Paléotti O, Mironov AA, Fraisier V, Stradal TE, De Matteis MA, Franco M, Chavrier P . Golgi-localized GAP for Cdc42 functions downstream of ARF1 to control Arp2/3 complex and F-actin dynamics . Nat. Cell Biol. . 7 . 4 . 353–64 . 2005 . 15793564 . 10.1038/ncb1244 . 37000096 .
• Grupe A, Li Y, Rowland C, Nowotny P, Hinrichs AL, Smemo S, Kauwe JS, Maxwell TJ, Cherny S, Doil L, Tacey K, van Luchene R, Myers A, Wavrant-De Vrièze F, Kaleem M, Hollingworth P, Jehu L, Foy C, Archer N, Hamilton G, Holmans P, Morris CM, Catanese J, Sninsky J, White TJ, Powell J, Hardy J, O'Donovan M, Lovestone S, Jones L, Morris JC, Thal L, Owen M, Williams J, Goate A . A scan of chromosome 10 identifies a novel locus showing strong association with late-onset Alzheimer disease . Am. J. Hum. Genet. . 78 . 1 . 78–88 . 2006 . 16385451 . 1380225 . 10.1086/498851 .
• Ménétrey J, Perderiset M, Cicolari J, Dubois T, Elkhatib N, El Khadali F, Franco M, Chavrier P, Houdusse A . Structural basis for ARF1-mediated recruitment of ARHGAP21 to Golgi membranes . EMBO J. . 26 . 7 . 1953–62 . 2007 . 17347647 . 1847662 . 10.1038/sj.emboj.7601634 .
• Bigarella CL, Borges L, Costa FF, Saad ST . ARHGAP21 modulates FAK activity and impairs glioblastoma cell migration . Biochim. Biophys. Acta . 1793 . 5 . 806–16 . 2009 . 19268501 . 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2009.02.010 .
• Anthony DF, Sin YY, Vadrevu S, Advant N, Day JP, Byrne AM, Lynch MJ, Milligan G, Houslay MD, Baillie GS . β-Arrestin 1 inhibits the GTPase-activating protein function of ARHGAP21, promoting activation of RhoA following angiotensin II type 1A receptor stimulation . Mol. Cell. Biol. . 31 . 5 . 1066–75 . 2011 . 21173159 . 3067824 . 10.1128/MCB.00883-10 .
• Wang S, Li H, Chen Y, Wei H, Gao GF, Liu H, Huang S, Chen JL . Transport of influenza virus neuraminidase (NA) to host cell surface is regulated by ARHGAP21 and Cdc42 proteins . J. Biol. Chem. . 287 . 13 . 9804–16 . 2012 . 22318733 . 3323004 . 10.1074/jbc.M111.312959 . free .
• Bigarella CL, Ferro KP, Barcellos KS, Martins-de-Souza D, Traina F, Novello JC, Saad ST, Archangelo LF . Post-translational modification of the RhoGTPase activating protein 21, ARHGAP21, by SUMO2/3 . FEBS Lett. . 586 . 19 . 3522–8 . 2012 . 22922005 . 10.1016/j.febslet.2012.08.012 . 35663132 .
• Barcellos KS, Bigarella CL, Wagner MV, Vieira KP, Lazarini M, Langford PR, Machado-Neto JA, Call SG, Staley DM, Chung JY, Hansen MD, Saad ST . ARHGAP21 protein, a new partner of α-tubulin involved in cell-cell adhesion formation and essential for epithelial-mesenchymal transition . J. Biol. Chem. . 288 . 4 . 2179–89 . 2013 . 23235160 . 3554890 . 10.1074/jbc.M112.432716 . free .

Notes and References

1. Web site: Entrez Gene: Rho GTPase activating protein 21. 2017-01-30.
2. ARHGAP21 as a master regulator of multiple cellular processes.. 2018. 29856495. Rosa LRO. Soares. G. M.. Silveira. L. R.. Boschero. A. C.. Barbosa-Sampaio HCL. Journal of Cellular Physiology. 233. 11. 8477–8481. 10.1002/jcp.26829. 46919924.