| Reuven Shiloah | |
| Native Name Lang: | he |
| Allegiance: |  State of Israel |
| Service: | Mossad |
| Serviceyears: | 1949–1952 |
| Awards: | Medal of Courage |
| Birth Date: | 20 December 1909 |
| Birth Place: | Jerusalem, Ottoman Empire |
| Death Date: | 10 May 1959 (aged 49) |
| Nationality: | Israeli |
| Occupation: | Director of Mossad |
Reuven Shiloah (Hebrew: ראובן שילוח; 20 December 1909 – 10 May 1959) was the first Director of the Mossad from 1949 to 1953.
Reuven Zaslani (later Shiloah) was born in Ottoman-ruled Jerusalem. His father was a rabbi. Shiloah married Betty Borden of New York in 1936.
Shiloah's involvement in political and defense matters commenced before the establishment of the State of Israel. He was a close friend of David Ben-Gurion.[1] Before the 1948 Arab-Israeli War Shiloah obtained the invasion plans of the Arab League, and he began building relationships with other intelligence agencies, particularly in the West. At the urging of Shiloah, Prime Minister Ben-Gurion created the "Central Institute for Coordination" (Mossad) in December 1949 and appointed Shiloah as its first director. However, it was not until April 1, 1951 that the Mossad became operational under Shiloah because bureaucratic fighting had delayed Ben-Gurion's initial order. After his tenure at the Mossad Shiloah worked in the Israeli Embassy in Washington DC and continued serving as an advisor.